Umhlaba onamasondo amabili: amaphrojekthi wamabhayisikili awusizo futhi angajwayelekile

Isikhashana somlando owusizo: ilungelo lobunikazi lesikuta esinamasondo amabili lafakwa eminyakeni engu-200 edlule. Uprofesa waseJalimane u-Carl von Dresz ugunyaze ngokusemthethweni amamodeli akhe "omshini wokugijima". Leli gama akulona iphutha, ngoba amabhayisikili okuqala ayengenamaphedali.

Ibhayisikili linikeza izinzuzo zezempilo, lithuthukisa isimo sengqondo futhi liyindlela yokuthutha ephumelelayo. Nokho, ezweni lanamuhla, abashayeli bamabhayisikili banezinkinga eziningi kakhulu kunalokho ongase kubonakale. Ukuntuleka kwenethiwekhi yemigwaqo, izindawo zokupaka, ingozi eqhubekayo evela kwinani elikhulu lezimoto - konke lokhu sekuyisisusa sokwenza izinqumo zangempela nezisebenzayo emadolobheni ahlukene omhlaba. 

I-Copenhagen (Denmark): Ukudala isiko labagibeli bamabhayisikili

Ake siqale ngenhloko-dolobha “yokuhamba ngamabhayisikili” kakhulu emhlabeni. KwakuyiCopenhagen eyabeka izisekelo zokuthuthukiswa komhlaba wamabhayisikili. Ubonisa isibonelo esicacile sendlela yokubandakanya abantu endleleni yokuphila enempilo. Iziphathimandla zedolobha zihlala zidonsela ukunaka kwezakhamuzi kusiko lamabhayisikili. Wonke umuntu waseDane unowakhe “umngane onamasondo amabili”, akekho ozomangala emigwaqweni yindoda ehloniphekile egqoke isudi ebizayo kanye nebhayisikili noma intombazane encane egqoke ama-stilettos kanye nengubo ehambahamba edolobheni " ibhayisikili”. Lokhu kuhle.

I-Nørrebro iyisifunda senhloko-dolobha yaseDenmark, lapho iziphathimandla zakha khona ukuhlolwa kwamabhayisikili okunesibindi kakhulu. Umgwaqo omkhulu awukwazi ukushayelwa imoto: owamabhayisikili, amatekisi namabhasi kuphela. Mhlawumbe lokhu kuzoba yisibonelo samadolobha amadolobha azayo.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abakwaDanes balusukumele udaba lomhlaba we-velo ngokwengqondo. Izindlela zokwakha (idolobha lonke limbozwe uxhaxha lwemizila yamabhayisikili ezinhlangothini zombili zemigwaqo emikhulu), okwenza izimo ezinethezekile kubagibeli bamabhayisikili (izikhathi zokushintsha ukukhanya kwethrafikhi zilungiswa ngokuya ngesivinini esimaphakathi sebhayisikili), ukukhangisa nokuthandwa - konke lokhu. idinga izindleko. Kodwa ekusebenzeni, kwavela ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda yebhayisikili kuletha inzuzo kumgcinimafa.

Iqiniso liwukuthi ngokwesilinganiso, ikhilomitha elingu-1 lohambo lwebhayisikili longa umbuso cishe amasenti angu-16 (ikhilomitha elilodwa lohambo ngemoto lingamasenti angu-1 kuphela). Lokhu kwenziwa ngokunciphisa izindleko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Ngenxa yalokho, isabelomali sithola into entsha yokonga, ekhokha ngokushesha yonke imibono "yebhayisikili", futhi ikuvumela ukuba uqondise izimali kwezinye izindawo. Futhi lokhu ngaphezu kokungabikho kwesiminyaminya kanye nokwehla kokungcoliswa kwegesi ... 

Japan: ibhayisikili = imoto

Kusobala ukuthi ezweni elithuthuke kakhulu emhlabeni kukhona uhlelo olubanzi lwezindlela zamabhayisikili kanye nezindawo zokupaka. AmaJapane afinyelele ezingeni elilandelayo: ibhayisikili kubo ayiseyona into yokudlala, kodwa imoto egcwele. Umnikazi webhayisikili kufanele ahambisane ngokuqinile nemithetho nemithethonqubo ebekwe ezingeni lomthetho. Ngakho-ke, ukushayela uphuzile akuvunyelwe, imithetho yomgwaqo kufanele igcinwe (eRussia futhi, kodwa eJapane lokhu kubhekwa futhi kujeziswe ngokugcwele), kuyadingeka ukuvula izibani ebusuku. Futhi, awukwazi ukukhuluma ocingweni phakathi nohambo.

 

Uma usulithengile ibhayisikili, kuyimpoqo ukulibhalisa: lokhu kungenziwa esitolo, iziphathimandla zendawo noma esiteshini samaphoyisa. Inqubo iyashesha, futhi ulwazi ngomnikazi omusha lufakwa kurejista yombuso. Eqinisweni, isimo sengqondo ngebhayisikili nomnikazi walo sifana ncamashi nemoto nomnikazi wayo. Ibhayisikili linezinombolo futhi linikezwe igama lomnikazi.

Le ndlela inciphisa umehluko phakathi komshayeli webhayisikili nomgibeli wamabhayisikili futhi yenza izinto ezimbili ngesikhathi esisodwa:

1. Ungazola ngebhayisikili lakho (liyohlala litholakala uma lilahlekile noma lintshontshiwe).

2. Ezingeni lengqondo, umshayeli webhayisikili uzwa umthwalo wemfanelo kanye nesimo sakhe, esinomthelela onenzuzo ekudumeni kwezokuthutha ezinamasondo amabili. 

I-Portland (USA): izifundo zamabhayisikili esimeni esiluhlaza kakhulu saseMelika 

Isikhathi eside kakhulu, isifunda sase-Oregon sasifuna ukwethula uhlelo lwesimanje lokwabelana ngamabhayisikili (ukwabelana ngamabhayisikili). Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yayingekho imali, ngakho-ke sasingekho isiphakamiso esisebenzayo, ngakho-ke kwakungekho phrojekthi enemininingwane. Ngenxa yalokho, kusukela ngo-2015, i-Biketown, enye yezinhlelo zesimanje kakhulu emkhakheni wokwabelana ngebhayisikili, yaqala ukusebenza enhloko-dolobha yezwe.

Le phrojekthi ithuthukiswa ngokusekelwa yi-Nike futhi isebenzisa ngenkuthalo izindlela zakamuva zomsebenzi wezobuchwepheshe nezokuhlela. Izici eziqashisayo zimi kanje:

I-metal U-locks, elula futhi enokwethenjelwa

Ukubhuka ibhayisikili ngohlelo lokusebenza

amabhayisikili ane-shaft system esikhundleni seketango (lawa “mabhayisikili” kuthiwa asebenza kahle futhi anokwethenjelwa)

 

Amabhayisikili awolintshi agqamile abe ngolunye lwezimpawu zedolobha. Kunezikhungo ezinkulu ezimbalwa e-Portland lapho abagibeli bamabhayisikili abangochwepheshe befundisa indlela yokugibela okulungile, okuphephile nokusebenza kahle kuwo wonke umuntu. Uma uthi nhlá, lokhu kubonakala kuyinhlekisa, kodwa ake sicabange ngakho: ukugibela ibhayisikili kuwumthwalo onzima emzimbeni nomsebenzi onzima kakhulu. Uma abantu befunda ukugijima ngendlela efanele (futhi lokhu kuyadingeka), mhlawumbe udinga ukwazi ukugibela ibhayisikili ngendlela efanele, ucabangani? 

I-Poland: impumelelo yamabhayisikili eminyakeni eyi-10

Ukungena ku-European Union kunezinhlangothi ezinhle nezimbi - akunakugwemeka kunoma yimuphi umcimbi. Kodwa ngosizo lwe-EU lapho iPoland yaphenduka izwe labagibeli bamabhayisikili ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu.

Ngenxa yokuqaliswa kwezinhlelo ze-EU zokusekela ukuhamba kwamabhayisikili kanye nokuphila okunempilo ePoland, izinhlelo zesimanje zezindlela zamabhayisikili zaqala ukwakhiwa, izindawo zokupaka kanye nezindawo zokuqasha zavulwa. Ukwabelana ngebhayisikili ezweni elingumakhelwane kumelelwe uhlobo lomhlaba lwe-Nextbike. Namuhla, iphrojekthi ye-Rower Miejski (“Ibhayisikili Ledolobha”) isebenza ezweni lonke. Emadolobheni amaningi, izimo zokuqasha zikhanga kakhulu: imizuzu yokuqala engu-20 imahhala, imizuzu engu-20-60 ibiza ama-zloty angu-2 (cishe amasenti angu-60), ngemva - ama-zloty angu-4 ngehora. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inethiwekhi yezindawo eziqashisayo ihlelwe kahle, futhi ungathola njalo isiteshi esisha ngemva kwemizuzu engu-15-20 yokushayela, faka ibhayisikili bese ulithatha ngokushesha - imizuzu emisha engu-20 yamahhala iqalile.

Izigxobo ziwathanda kakhulu amabhayisikili. Kuwo wonke amadolobha amakhulu, nganoma yiluphi usuku lwesonto, kunenqwaba yabagibeli bamabhayisikili emgwaqeni, futhi beminyaka ehlukene kakhulu: ukubona indoda eneminyaka engu-60 ubudala egqoke isudi ekhethekile yomgibeli wamabhayisikili, egqoke isigqoko kanye nenzwa yokunyakaza. ingalo yakhe iyinto evamile. Umbuso ukhuthaza ngokulinganayo amabhayisikili, kodwa unendaba nenduduzo kulabo abafuna ukugibela - lokhu kuyisihluthulelo sokuthuthukiswa kwesiko lokuhamba ngebhayisikili. 

I-Bogota (Colombia): I-Green City ne-Ciclovia

Ngokungalindelekile kwabaningi, kodwa eLatin America kunokunaka okukhulayo kwemvelo nempilo yomphakathi. Ngokujwayela, ukubhekisa lesi sifunda emazweni asathuthuka, kunzima ukwamukela ukuthi kwezinye izindawo sekudlulele phambili.

Enhloko-dolobha yaseColombia, iBogota, inethiwekhi ebanzi yezindlela zamabhayisikili ezinobude obungaphezu kuka-300 km senziwe futhi ixhuma zonke izindawo zedolobha. Ezicini eziningi, ukufaneleka kokuthuthukiswa kwalesi siqondiso kulele ku-Enrique Peñalos, umphathi-dolobha wedolobha, owasekela amaphrojekthi emvelo ngayo yonke indlela, kuhlanganise nokuthuthukiswa kwesiko lokuhamba ngebhayisikili. Ngenxa yalokho, idolobha selishintshe ngokuphawulekayo, futhi isimo semvelo siye saba ngcono kakhulu.

Njalo ngonyaka, i-Bogotá isingatha i-Ciclovia, usuku olungenayo imoto, lapho zonke izakhamuzi zishintshela emabhayisikili. Ngokuhambisana nomlingiswa oshisayo wabantu bendawo, lolu suku luphenduka ngendlela engabonakali lube uhlobo lwe-carnival. Kwamanye amadolobha ezwe, lolu hlobo lwamaholide lugujwa njalo ngeSonto. Usuku lwangempela lokuphumula abantu abaluchitha ngokujabula, benikela isikhathi empilweni yabo!     

I-Amsterdam ne-Utrecht (Netherlands): U-60% wethrafikhi ngabagibeli bamabhayisikili

I-Netherlands ibhekwa ngokufanelekile njengelinye lamazwe anengqalasizinda yamabhayisikili ethuthuke kakhulu. Isimo sincane futhi, uma uthanda, ungasizungeza ngezimoto ezinamasondo amabili. E-Amsterdam, u-60% wabantu basebenzisa amabhayisikili njengendlela yabo yokuthutha eyinhloko. Ngokwemvelo, idolobha linemizila yebhayisikili ecishe ibe ngu-500, uhlelo lwamarobhothi nezimpawu zomgwaqo zabagibeli bamabhayisikili, nenqwaba yezindawo zokupaka. Uma ufuna ukubona ukuthi ibhayisikili linjani edolobheni elithuthukisiwe lanamuhla, vele uye e-Amsterdam.

 

Kodwa idolobha elincane lasenyuvesi elinabanamandla angama-200 i-Utrecht alidume kangako emhlabeni wonke, nakuba limane linengqalasizinda eyingqayizivele yabagibeli bamabhayisikili. Kusukela ngeminyaka yama-70s wekhulu leminyaka elidlule, iziphathimandla zedolobha bezilokhu zikhuthaza umbono wendlela yokuphila enempilo futhi zidlulisela abahlali bazo ezimotweni ezinamasondo amabili. Idolobhakazi linamabhuloho akhethekile alenga emigwaqweni enguthelawayeka amabhayisikili. Wonke ama-boulevards kanye nemigwaqo emikhulu ifakwe izindawo "eziluhlaza" kanye nemigwaqo ekhethekile yabagibeli bamabhayisikili. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi usheshe ufike lapho uya khona, ngaphandle kokusebenza kanzima nezinkinga zethrafikhi.

Inani lamabhayisikili liyakhula, ngakho-ke indawo yokupaka enamazinga amathathu amabhayisikili angaphezu kuka-3 yakhiwe eduze kwase-Utrecht Central Station. Cishe azikho izinsiza zale njongo nezinga elinjalo emhlabeni.

 I-Malmö (Sweden): izindlela zomjikelezo ezinamagama

Ama-euro angama-47 atshalwe ekuthuthukisweni kwesiko lokuhamba ngebhayisikili edolobheni laseMalmö. Izindlela zamabhayisikili ezisezingeni eliphezulu zakhiwe ngezindleko zalezi zimali zesabelomali, kwadalwa inethiwekhi yezindawo zokupaka, futhi kwahlelwa izinsuku zetimu (kuhlanganise noSuku Olungenayo Imoto). Ngenxa yalokhu, izinga lempilo yedolobha linyukile, nokutheleka kwezivakashi kunyukile, nezindleko zokunakekela imigwaqo zehle kakhulu. Inhlangano yamabhayisikili iphinde yafakazela izinzuzo zayo zezomnotho.

AbaseSweden banikeze amagama afanele ezindleleni zamabhayisikili eziningi zedolobha - kulula ukuthola umzila kwitilosi. Futhi kumnandi kakhulu ukugibela!

     

I-UK: isiko lokuhamba ngebhayisikili lebhizinisi elinamashawa kanye nezindawo zokupaka

AbaseBrithani babeka isibonelo sesixazululo sendawo enkingeni enkulu yabagibeli bamabhayisikili - lapho umuntu enqaba ukugibela ibhayisikili ukuya emsebenzini ngenxa yokuthi akakwazi ukugeza ngemva kwayo bese eshiya ibhayisikili endaweni ephephile.

I-Active Commuting isuse le nkinga ngobuchwepheshe besimanje kanye nomklamo wezimboni. Isakhiwo esincane esinezitezi ezi-2 sakhiwe endaweni yokupaka eduze nehhovisi elikhulu, lapho kungabekwa khona amabhayisikili angaba ngu-50, amakamelo okugcina izinto, amakamelo okushintsha kanye nezihlambi eziningana. Ubukhulu obuncane bukuvumela ukuthi ufake lo mklamo ngokushesha nangempumelelo. Manje inkampani ibheka amaphrojekthi omhlaba kanye nabaxhasi ukuze basebenzise ubuchwepheshe bayo. Ubani owaziyo, mhlawumbe izindawo zokupaka zesikhathi esizayo zizoba njalo - ngamashawa nezindawo zamabhayisikili. 

Christchurch (New Zealand): umoya omusha, ama-pedals kanye ne-cinema

Futhi ekugcineni, elinye lamazwe angenandaba kakhulu emhlabeni. IChristchurch iyidolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke eSouth Island yaseNew Zealand. Imvelo emangalisayo yaleli gumbi elikude lomhlaba, kuhlangene nesimo sezulu esimnandi kanye nokukhathazeka kwabantu ngempilo yabo, kuyizisusa ezivumelanayo zokuthuthukiswa kokugibela amabhayisikili. Kodwa abantu baseNew Zealand bahlala bethembekile kubo futhi beza namaphrojekthi angajwayelekile ngokuphelele, okungenzeka ukuthi yingakho bejabule kangaka.

Kuvulwe i-cinema evulekile e-Christchurch. Akubonakali lutho olukhethekile, ngaphandle kokuthi izethameli zihlala emabhayisikili okuzivocavoca futhi ziphoqeleke ukuthi zishaye ngamandla ukuze zikhiqize ugesi wokusakazwa kwefilimu. 

Ukuthuthukiswa okusebenzayo kwengqalasizinda yamabhayisikili kuye kwaphawulwa eminyakeni engama-20 edlule. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, akekho owayenendaba nokuhlela ukugibela ibhayisikili elinethezekile. Manje amaphrojekthi amaningi ale fomethi asetshenziswa emadolobheni ahlukene omhlaba: kwakhiwa izindlela ezikhethekile ezikhungweni ezinkulu, izinkampani ezifana ne-Nextbike (ukwabelana ngebhayisikili) zandisa indawo yazo. Uma umlando ukhula ngale ndlela, izingane zethu zizochitha isikhathi esiningi zigibele ibhayisikili kunasemotweni. Futhi leyo intuthuko yangempela! 

Isikhathi sokuthatha isinyathelo! Ukuhamba ngebhayisikili kuzohamba emhlabeni wonke maduze!

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