I-vitiligo

I-vitiligo

Le vitiligo yisimo sesikhumba esibonakala ngokubukeka kwe amabala amhlophe ezinyaweni, ezandleni, ebusweni, ezindebeni nanoma iyiphi enye ingxenye yomzimba. Lawa mabala abangelwa “ukususwa kwepigmentation”, okusho ukunyamalala kwe melanocyte, amangqamuzana abangela umbala wesikhumba (Ukugqama futhi ).

I-depigmentation ingabaluleka kakhulu noma ingaphansi, namabala amhlophe, osayizi abahlukahlukene. Kwezinye izimo, izinwele noma izinwele ezikhula ngaphakathi kwezindawo eziphelelwe umbala nazo zimhlophe. I-Vitiligo ayitheleleki futhi ayibuhlungu, kepha kungadala ukucindezeleka okukhulu kwengqondo.

Le vitiligo yisifo esinezimpawu zaso ezikhathaza ngokukhethekile ngokombono wobuhle, izindawo ezingabi buhlungu noma eziyingozi ngqo empilweni. Ngenxa yalokho, i-vitiligo ivame “ukuncishiswa” futhi namanje ayikaphathwa ngokwanele odokotela. Nokho, yisifo esinomthelela omubi kakhulu empilweni yalabo abathintekayo, njengoba kuqinisekiswe ucwaningo olwenziwa ngo-2009.20. Ikakhulukazi abantu abanesikhumba esimnyama bahlushwa yiso.

Ukuvama

Le vitiligo ithinta cishe u-1% kuya ku-2% wabantu. Ivamise ukuvela eminyakeni eyi-10 kuye kwengama-30 (ingxenye yalabo abathintekayo ingaphambi kweminyaka engama-20). Ngakho-ke i-vitiligo ayitholakali ezinganeni. Kuthinta kokubili amadoda nabesifazane, futhi kwenzeka emhlabeni wonke, kuzo zonke izinhlobo zesikhumba.

Izinhlobo ze-vitiligo

Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-vitiligo21 :

  • le i-vitiligo segmentaire, etholakala ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela lomzimba, isibonelo engxenyeni yobuso, umzimba ongaphezulu, umlenze noma ingalo. Lolu hlobo lwe-vitiligo luvela kaningi ezinganeni noma entsheni. Indawo echithwayo ihambelana "nendawo yokugcina indawo", okungukuthi indawo yesikhumba engafakwanga inzwa ethile. Leli fomu livela ngokushesha ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, bese liyeka ukuguquguquka;
  • le i-vitiligo ejwayelekile okubonakala ngendlela yamachashaza avame ukulingana kakhulu noma kancane, athinta izinhlangothi zombili zomzimba, ikakhulukazi izindawo zokungqubuzana okuphindaphindiwe noma ingcindezi. Igama elithi “generalized” alisho ukuthi amabala maningi. Isifundo asilindelekile, amabala akwazi ukuhlala emancane futhi asendaweni noma asakaze ngokushesha;
  • le i-vitiligo, ezingavamile, ezisakazeka ngokushesha futhi zingathinta cishe wonke umzimba.

Izimbangela

Izimbangela ze-vitiligo azaziwa kahle. Kodwa-ke, siyazi ukuthi ukubonakala kwamabala amhlophe kungenxa yokubhujiswa kwama-melanocyte, lawa mangqamuzana esikhumba akhiqiza i-melanin. Lapho ama-melanocyte ebhujiswa, isikhumba siphenduka sibe mhlophe ngokuphelele. Imibono eminingana manje isithuthukisiwe ukuchaza ukubhujiswa kwama-melanocyte23. I-Vitiligo mhlawumbe yisifo esinemvelaphi zofuzo, ezemvelo kanye nokuzimela komzimba.

  • I-Autoimmune hypothesis

I-Vitiligo yisifo esinezakhi ezinamandla zokuzivikela komzimba. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abantu abane-vitiligo bakhiqiza amasosha omzimba angajwayelekile ahlasela ngokuqondile ama-melanocyte futhi asize ukuwabhubhisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-vitiligo ivame ukuhlotshaniswa nezinye izifo ezizimele, ezifana nokuphazamiseka kwe-thyroid, okubonisa ukuthi kukhona izindlela ezivamile.

  • I-genetic hypothesis

I-Vitiligo iphinde ihlotshaniswe nezici zofuzo, okungezona zonke eziye zabonakala ngokucacile22. Kuvamile ukuthi abantu abaningana babe ne-vitiligo emndenini owodwa. Okungenani zingu-10 izakhi zofuzo ezihilelekile, njengoba ucwaningo lwabonisa ngo-201024. Lezi zakhi zofuzo zidlala indima ekuphenduleni kwamasosha omzimba.

  • Ukuqoqwa kwama-radicals mahhala

Ngokwezifundo eziningana23, ama-melanocyte abantu abane-vitiligo aqongelela ama-radicals amaningi mahhala, okuyizinhlobo zemfucuza ekhiqizwa umzimba ngokwemvelo. Lokhu kunqwabelana okungavamile kungaholela “ekuzibhubhiseni” kwama-melanocyte.

  • I-nerve hypothesis

I-vitiligo ye-Segmental iphumela ekususweni kombala kwendawo ehlukanisiwe, ehambisana nendawo engavinjelwanga inzwa ethile. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abacwaningi bacabanga ukuthi ukukhishwa kwe-pigmentation kungaxhunyaniswa nokukhululwa kwamakhemikhali avela ekugcineni kwemizwa, okunganciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-melanin.

  • yizici zemvelo

Nakuba zingeyona imbangela ye-vitiligo ngokwayo, izici ezimbalwa ezivusa amadlingozi zingaba nomthelela ekubukekeni kwamachashazi (bona izici zobungozi).

 

Ama-melanocyte kanye ne-melanin

I-Melanin (kusuka kwesiGreki ama-melanos = black) i-pigment emnyama (yesikhumba) ekhiqizwa ama-melanocyte; inesibopho sombala wesikhumba. Ngokuyinhloko izakhi zofuzo (kodwa futhi ukuchayeka elangeni) ezinquma inani le-melanin equkethwe esikhumbeni. I-Albinism nayo iyinkinga yokushintsha umbala. Ngokungafani ne-vitiligo, ikhona kusukela ekuzalweni futhi kubangela ukungabi khona jikelele kwe-melanin esikhumbeni, izinwele zomzimba, izinwele namehlo.

 

 

Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kanye nezinkinga

Ngokuvamile, lesi sifo sidlulela ku-a isigqi esingalindelekile futhi angamisa noma andise ngaphandle kokwazi ukuthi kungani. I-Vitiligo ingathuthuka ngezigaba, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlukumezeka kwenzeka ngemva kwesenzakalo esivusa ingqondo noma somzimba. Ezimweni ezingavamile, ama-plaque ahamba ngokwawo.

Ngaphandle kokulimala kwezimonyo, i-vitiligo ayisona isifo esibi. Nokho, abantu abane-vitiligo banamathuba amaningi okuba nomdlavuza wesikhumba ngenxa yokuthi izindawo ezingasenabala azisawuvimbeli emisebeni yelanga. Laba bantu futhi kungenzeka ukuthi bahlupheke ngezinye izifo ezizimele. Nokho, lokhu akunjalo kubantu abane-vitiligo ye-segmental.

shiya impendulo