Emiphakathini yendabuko, ukufuna umbono kwakuwumkhuba wokudlula owawuphawula ukuphela kwenkathi ebalulekile ekuphileni komuntu kanye nokuqala komunye. Ukufuna umbono wenziwa uwedwa, enhliziyweni yemvelo, ubhekene nezakhi kanye nawe. Njengoba ijwayelane nemiphakathi yethu yesimanje, ithatha uhlobo lohambo oluhlelwa imihlahlandlela yabantu abafuna indlela entsha noma injongo yokuphila kwabo. Sivame ukuthatha lolu hambo ngesikhathi semibuzo, esibucayi, sokulila, sokwehlukana, njll.

Ukufuna kombono kunezici ezimbalwa ezingase zibhekane nazo: ukuhlukana nendawo yayo evamile, ukuhlehla uye endaweni engayodwa kanye nokuzila ukudla okuyizinsuku ezine ehlane, okuhlonyiswe ngekhithi encane yokusinda. Lolu hambo lwangaphakathi ludinga isibindi kanye nekhono lokuvula enye indlela yokubona, eyenziwa lula ngokuba phambi kwakho, kungekho amanye amaphuzu okubhekisela kuyo ngaphandle kwemvelo ngokwayo.

Ithwasa lifunda ukubona ngendlela ehlukile, ukubona izimpawu namabika athunyelwa yimvelo kuye nokuthola izimfihlo nezimfihlakalo ezifihla umphefumulo wakhe. Ukufuna ukubona akulona ikhambi lokuphumula. Kungaba ngisho okuhlangenwe nakho okubuhlungu kakhulu, njengoba kuhilela ukubhekana nokwesaba kwangaphakathi komuntu namademoni. Le ndlela ikhumbuza izinganekwane eziyinganekwane neziyinganekwane lapho amaqhawe kwadingeka alwe ngokungenasihawu, anqobe izithiyo ezimbi kakhulu futhi anqobe zonke izinhlobo zezilo ukuze ekugcineni aphume eguqukile futhi ekhululiwe emaketangeni awo.

Ukuze uqonde kangcono incazelo yokufuna umbono, ekuqaleni okwenziwa abantu bomdabu baseNyakatho Melika, kubalulekile ukuqonda izisekelo zengokomoya labo. Kubo, ubuNkulunkulu nenkolo kuxhumene eduze noMama woMhlaba futhi kubonakaliswa kuzo zonke izidalwa zomhlaba. Abukho ubuholi phakathi kwezinhlobo eziphilayo futhi akukho ukwehlukana phakathi kokuphila emhlabeni nokuzayo. Kusuka kulokhu kuxhumana okuqhubekayo phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezilwane, zonke eziphiliswa umphefumulo, lapho zithola impendulo noma ugqozi ngendlela yemibono namaphupho. Nakuba sithi sinemibono futhi sisungula imiqondo, aboMdabu baseMelika bathi bayithola emandleni emvelo. Kubo, into eqanjiwe ayisona isithelo sobuhlakani bokudala bomuntu, kodwa isipho esifakwe kumsunguli ngomoya wangaphandle.

Abanye ababhali bakholelwa ukuthi ukuvela kabusha kwemikhuba yendabuko emphakathini wethu kusuka ekufuneni kwethu ingokomoya lomhlaba wonke kanye nokukhathazeka kwethu ukuvikela imvelo. Sikweleta uSteven Foster noMeredith Little¹ ngokwenza kwaziwe ukufuna umbono ngeminyaka yawo-1970, okokuqala eMelika, kwase kuba sezwenikazi lase-Europe. Eminyakeni edlule baningi abantu ababambe iqhaza ekuthuthukisweni kwalo mkhuba, okwathi ngo-1988 kwazala iWilderness Guides Council.², inhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe yokuziphendukela kwemvelo okuqhubekayo. Namuhla yiphuzu labaqondisi, abaqondisi abafundela umsebenzi kanye nabantu abafisa ukwenza inqubo yokwelapha ngokomoya endaweni yemvelo. Ibhodi liphinde lenze ikhodi yokuziphatha kanye namazinga okusebenza agxile ekuhlonipheni i-ecosystem, wena kanye nabanye.

Ngokwesiko, ukufuna umbono kwakwenziwa kakhulu ngamadoda ukuphawula ukuguquka kokuthomba kuya ebusheni. Namuhla, abesilisa nabesifazane abathatha lesi sinyathelo bavela kuzo zonke izigaba zokuphila, kungakhathaliseki isimo sabo noma ubudala. Njengethuluzi lokuzibona, ukufuna umbono kulungele labo abazizwa bekulungele ukuguqula inkambo yokuphila kwabo. Angaba isisekelo esinamandla esizomnika amandla angaphakathi okudlulela ngalé kwemingcele yakhe. Abahlanganyeli abambalwa baze baqinisekise ukuthi ukufuna umbono kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthola injongo yokuphila komuntu.

Ukufuna ukubona kwesinye isikhathi kusetshenziswa kuzilungiselelo ezithile ze-psychotherapeutic. Ngo-1973, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo u-Tom Pinkson, Ph.D., wenza ucwaningo ngemiphumela yokuzivocavoca kwangaphandle, okuhlanganisa nokubona, ekwelapheni imilutha ye-heroin encane ephindela emuva. Ukutadisha kwakhe, kwasakazwa ngaphezu konyaka owodwa, kwamvumela ukuba abone ukuthi isikhathi sokuzindla esabekwa yimfuno sibe nemiphumela emihle.³. Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 esebenzisa le ndlela kubantu abanenkinga yokulutheka kanye nabantu abagulela ukufa.

Ngokwazi kwethu, alukho ucwaningo oluhlola ukusebenza kahle kwale ndlela olushicilelwe kumajenali esayensi.

• Akukho ukuphikisana okusemthethweni ekufuneni umbono. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokuthatha lesi sinyathelo, umhlahlandlela kufanele aqinisekise ukuthi okuhlangenwe nakho akuvezi noma iyiphi ingozi empilweni yombambi qhaza ngokuthi agcwalise uhlu lwemibuzo lwezokwelapha. Angase futhi amcele ukuba abonane nodokotela noma athole umbono wezokwelapha ukuze agweme noma yisiphi isigameko.

Imininingwane esebenzayo

Izicelo zombono ziyatholakala eQuebec, kwezinye izifundazwe zaseCanada, e-United States, kanye naseYurophu. Ezinye izimfuno zihlelelwe amaqembu athile eminyaka yobudala njengabaneminyaka engu-14 kuya kwengama-21 ubudala noma abadala.

Amalungiselelo alolu hambo olukhulu lwangaphakathi aqala kudala ngaphambi kokuba iqembu lifike enkanjini. Umgqugquzeli ucela umhlanganyeli ukuthi acacise incazelo yendlela yakhe encwadini yenhloso (okulindelwe nezinjongo). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunohlu lwemibuzo lwezokwelapha okufanele lugcwalise, iziqondiso ezengeziwe futhi ngokuvamile nengxoxo yocingo.

Ngokuvamile, ukufunwa kwenziwa eqenjini (abantu abayisithupha kuya kwabayi-6) elinabaqondisi ababili. Ngokuvamile kuthatha izinsuku eziyishumi nanye futhi inezigaba ezintathu: isigaba sokulungiselela (izinsuku ezine); isifiso sombono, lapho ithwasa liphuma lilodwa liye endaweni ekhethwe ngaphambili eduze nenkambu lapho lizila khona izinsuku ezine; futhi ekugcineni, ukuhlanganiswa kabusha eqenjini ngombono owamukelwe (izinsuku ezintathu).

Phakathi nesigaba sokulungiselela, abaqondisi bahamba nabahlanganyeli emicikilishweni eyahlukene nemisebenzi ehloselwe ukukhuthaza ukuxhumana nomhlaba kamoya. Lezi zivivinyo zikuvumela ukuthi uhlole amanxeba akho angaphakathi, ulawule ukuthula kanye nemvelo, ubhekane nokwesaba kwakho (ukufa, isizungu, ukuzila ukudla), ukusebenza ngezici ezimbili zobuntu bakho (okhanyayo nobumnyama), ukuze uzenzele umkhuba wakho, ukuxhumana nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, ukungena ku-trance ngokudansa nokuphupha, njll. Ngamafuphi, kumayelana nokufunda ukubona ngokuhlukile.

Ezinye izici zenqubo zingashintshwa, isibonelo, ukuqhubeka nokudla okulinganiselwe esikhundleni sokuzila ukudla okuphelele lapho umuntu ene-hypoglycemia. Okokugcina, kuhlelwa izindlela zokuphepha, ikakhulukazi ukuvezwa kwefulegi, njengesignali yokucindezeleka.

Ukuze uthole isingeniso sendlela yokwenza, izikhungo zokukhula kwesinye isikhathi zinikeza imihlangano yokucobelelana ngolwazi mayelana nalesi sihloko.

Training

Ukulandela ukwakheka ekufuneni umbono, kuyadingeka ukuthi usuvele waphila isipiliyoni. Ukuqeqeshwa komhlahlandlela womfundi ngokujwayelekile kuthatha amasonto amabili futhi kunikezwa ensimini, okusho ukuthi njengengxenye yombono ohlelekile.

Ukhozi Oluluhlaza. Ifa elingokomoya lama-Amerindians. I-Editions de Mortagne, Canada, 2000.

Ozalo luka-Algonquin, umbhali wabelana nathi ngezimfihlo zomoya wama-Amerindian, ifa aliqoqile kubadala iminyaka engamashumi amabili. Ikhuthaza ukubuyiselwa ekuvumelaneni nasebunyeni, ikhuluma ngaphezu kwakho konke enhliziyweni. U-Aigle Bleu uhlala eduze kwaseQuebec City futhi uhambela amazwe amaningana ukuze adlulisele ulwazi lwayo.

I-Casavant Bernard. Isolo: Inganekwane Yombono Wokufuna. Izinguqulo ze-du Roseau, Canada, 2000.

Umbhali ulandisa ngesipiliyoni sakhe somuntu siqu sokufuna umbono ayehlala yedwa esiqhingini esisenyakatho yeQuebec. Usitshela ngemizwa yakhe, ukuba sengozini kwakhe, izinto eziqanjiwe zokuquleka kwakhe, nethemba elisondela emkhathizwe.

I-Plotkin Bill. I-Soulcraft - Ukuwela Ungene Ezimfihlakalo Zemvelo kanye Nengqondo, New World Library, United States, 2003.

Umhlahlandlela wezimfuno zombono kusukela ngo-1980, umbhali uphakamisa ukuthi siphinde sithole izixhumanisi ezihlanganisa imvelo nemvelo yethu. Kuyakhuthaza.

I-Animas Valley Institute

Incazelo enhle kakhulu yenqubo yokufuna umbono. UBill Plotkin, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo nomqondisi kusukela ngo-1980, wethula isahluko sokuqala sencwadi yakhe I-Soulcraft: Ukuwela Ungene Ezimfihlakalo Zemvelo kanye Nengqondo (chofoza ingxenye ethi Mayelana Soulcraft bese ubheka Isahluko 1).

www.animas.org

Ho Rites of Passage

Indawo yesinye sezikhungo zokuqala ukunikeza izimfuno zombono eQuebec.

www.horites.com

Isikole Semingcele Elahlekile

Indawo kaSteven Foster kanye noMeredith Little, amavulandlela ombono wokufuna eMelika. Izixhumanisi ziholela ezithenjwa eziningi ezithakazelisayo.

www.schooloflostborders.com

Umkhandlu Wabaqondisi Behlane

Umgwamanda wamazwe ngamazwe osungule ikhodi yezimiso zokuziphatha kanye namazinga asebenza kumkhuba wokufuna umbono kanye neminye imikhuba yendabuko. Isiza sihlinzeka ngohla lwemibhalo lweziqondiso emhlabeni wonke (ikakhulukazi abakhuluma isiNgisi).

www.wildernessguidescouncil.org