Okuqukethwe
Izingane zasePoland zigonywa kabi kunontanga yazo eCzech Republic, eSlovakia naseHungary. Imithi yokugoma yamahhala isiphelelwe yisikhathi, futhi abazali kufanele bazikhokhele izinto eziningi ezibalulekile.
Umzali wasePoland ofuna ukugoma ingane ngokuhambisana nezindinganiso ezisebenzayo e-EU kufanele asebenzise kusukela ku-2 izinkulungwane. kufika ku-3 zloty. - Lokho uhulumeni akuhlinzekayo mahhala kusezingeni lekhalenda lokugoma laseBelarus noma lase-our country - kusho u-prof. U-Andrzej Radzikowski, inhloko yomtholampilo eSibhedlela Sezingane saseNyuvesi yaseWarsaw. - Ngisho neTurkey inekhalenda lokugoma ezingeni laseNtshonalanga Yurophu. Izinto ezintsha zethulwa lapho ngesikhathi udokotela wezingane engungqongqoshe wezempilo. Siphinde sibe nodokotela wezingane, kodwa kuze kube manje asikaziboni izinguquko ezinhle - kunezela uDkt. Paweł Grzesiowski, inhloko ye-Foundation of the Institute of Infection Prevention in Warsaw.
Imithi yokugoma eyimpoqo yezingane e-Poland
Njengengxenye yokugoma okuphoqelekile, imithi yokugoma ephelelwe yisikhathi isetshenziswa ePoland, ephoqa umntwana ukuba alume ngokuphindaphindiwe, esikhundleni samalungiselelo anamuhla avumela ukuphathwa okukodwa kwemithi yokugoma izifo eziningana. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, umjovo ngamunye uwukucindezeleka okwengeziwe kwengane. E-Czech Republic nase-Slovakia, umuthi wokugoma onezingxenye eziyisithupha ohlanganiswe kakhulu (i-DTPa-HBV-IPV-Hib) uyatholakala ohlelweni lokugoma oluyisibopho, kanye nomgomo wezingxenye ezinhlanu (i-DTPa-IPV-Hib) e-Hungary. Nokho, ePoland, izingane zigonywa ngamalungiselelo amathathu ngokwehlukana, okungukuthi i-DTP (umuthi wokugomela i-diphtheria, i-tetanus kanye ne-pertussis), umgomo we-IPV (ukuvimbela isifo se-Heine ne-Medin, okungukuthi i-viral palsy) kanye ne-Hib (amagciwane abangela inyumoniya kanye ne-meningitis). kanye ne-sepsis). Ngaphezu kwalokho, sigoma ngenguqulo yakudala yomgomo wokugomela ukukhwehlela, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi umuthi wokugomela iseli lonke, kuyilapho umgomo we-cellulose utholakala, oqhathaniswa nomgomo weseli lonke mancane kakhulu amathuba okuba ubangele lokho okubizwa ngokuthi indawo kanye nokuthunyelwe okuvamile. -ukusabela kokugoma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingane ezineminyaka engu-XNUMX ubudala ezigonyiwe zisewuhlobo oluphelelwe yisikhathi lomuthi wokugomela uvendle wegciwane eliphilayo, okunobungozi bawo - noma ngabe buncane - ukuthi baqale ukusebenza. Ezinganeni ezincane, ephephile, okuthiwa yimithi yokugomela uvendle engasebenzi (IPV). Kodwa-ke, lapho uneminyaka eyisithupha ubudala, umuthi wokugomela uvendle usuphelelwe yisikhathi uyimpoqo. Kufanele ukhokhele ephephile, engacushiwe. Uhlelo lokugoma oluyimpoqo alubandakanyi ukugoma i-pneumococci kanye ne-meningococci, engabangela i-sepsis ebulalayo, ekhona kwamanye amazwe.
Ukugoma ngokumelene ne-pneumococci
Sekuyiminyaka eminingi odokotela bezingane befuna ukufakwa ekhalendeni lokugoma i-pneumococcal, esetshenziswa eSlovakia, eHungary naseCzech Republic. E-Poland, kwakungenzeka ukubethula kuphela emaqenjini asengozini. I-World Health Organization ibeke izifo ze-pneumococcal, eduze ne-malaria, phezulu ohlwini lwezifo ezithathelwanayo, ukulawulwa nokuvimbela okufanele kunikezwe kuqala kakhulu. I-Pneumococcus iyimbangela evame kakhulu yokutheleleka kwamagciwane okuyingozi ezinganeni. Babangela ukuvuvukala kwepheshana eliphezulu lokuphefumula, i-acute otitis media, ukuvuvukala kwezono ze-paranasal, kanti kwezinye izingane nakubantu abadala kungabangela i-sepsis esongela ukuphila, i-meningitis noma i-pneumonia. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi inkinga ye-meningitis ingase ibe ukungezwa, ubumpumputhe, ukukhubazeka kwezitho nokukhubazeka kwengqondo. Imiphumela yokugoma i-pneumococci ingabonwa e-Kielce, lapho ixhaswe khona nguhulumeni wendawo iminyaka engu-6. Ngo-2005, izingane ezingu-136 (ezifika eminyakeni emibili ubudala) zalaliswa lapho ngenxa ye-pneumonia, futhi ziyi-18 kuphela ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu yokuhlinzwa kwalolu hlelo. ukwenzeka kwe-otitis media nakho kwehlile. - Silindele bobabili abazali nodokotela ukugoma mahhala kwazo zonke izinsana ngokumelene ne-pneumococci - kugcizelelwe u-prof. U-Maria Borszewska-Kornacka, inhloko ye-Neonatology kanye Nomtholampilo Wokunakekelwa Kakhulu Kwezingane Ezisanda kuzalwa eSibhedlela Somtholampilo uFr. U-Anna Mazowiecka eWarsaw. Ayikho futhi imali yokugoma i-meningococcal e-Poland. - Nakuba izifo ze-meningococcal zingavamile kunezo ezibangelwa i-pneumococci, inkambo yazo ifaka ugesi kakhulu. Izingane zishonela endleleni eya esibhedlela, noma ngesikhathi zithuthwa zisuka egumbini lokulaliswa ziyiswe ewodini - kusho u-prof. Radzikowski.
Ukugonywa kwe-rotavirus
Abazali basePoland nabo kufanele bakhokhele ukugoma i-rotavirus ephaketheni labo. Isifo sohudo esibabangelayo singaholela ekuphelelweni amanzi emzimbeni ngokushesha okukhulu, okuthi uma kwenzeka ezinsaneni nezingane ezincane kube yisimo esisongela ukuphila. Abalahlekelwa amanzi kuphela, kodwa futhi ama-electrolyte kanye nezakhi ezidingekayo ukuze kusebenze kahle umzimba. Ukulaliswa kwezingane esibhedlela ePoland ngenxa ye-rotavirus kubiza i-PLN eyizigidi ezingama-70 ngonyaka. - Uma iSikhwama Sezempilo Sikazwelonke sabela le mali ukugoma sonke isibalo sezingane ezisanda kuzalwa kusukela ngonyaka othile, sizosindisa izingane ezifweni nasezinkingeni zaso, futhi sizokonga ezindlekweni ezingaqondile, njengokungabikho kwabazali beziguli ezigulayo. emsebenzini - kuchaza uDkt. Grzesiwoski.
Ukubuya kokukhwehlela
Naphezu kokugonywa okusabalele kwezingane ngokumelene nokukhwehlela kusukela ngo-1950/60, lesi sifo siyabuya. Kungabangela ukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu, i-bronchi, izinso, i-meninges ngisho nokufa. Ilimaza ukubona, ukuzwa kanye nezicubu zobuchopho. EPoland, ngonyaka odlule kwaba isimanga, lapho izigameko zanda cishe kathathu. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi amacala amaningi abonwa emaqenjini amadala kanye nokuncipha kwabancane. – Imiphumela yocwaningo ikhombisa ukuthi lokhu kungenxa yokulahlekelwa ukungatheleleki kanye nokuhamba kwesikhathi kusukela kumthamo wokugcina womgomo kanye nokuvela kwezinhlobo eziningi zamabhaktheriya anobuthi - kusho uProf. Janusz Ślusarczyk INhloko kaSihlalo noMnyango Impilo Yomphakathi ye-Medical University yaseWarsaw. Yingakho owayengumbusi waseCalifornia ngaleso sikhathi, u-Arnold Schwarzenegger, wethula imigomo eyimpoqo kubo bonke abafundi ngo-2011. Kunconywa futhi ukugoma abantu abathintana nezingane - abazali, izingane zakubo. Futhi e-European Union, amazwe amaningi kakhulu ethula imithamo emibili yokukhuthaza izingane ezindala kanye nentsha. E-Austria nase-Luxembourg, ukugoma kunconywa njalo eminyakeni eyi-10 ngemva kweminyaka engu-16. E-Poland, umthamo we-booster womgomo wokukhwehlela uqaliswe kusukela ngo-2004 ezinganeni ezisonyakeni wesithupha wokuphila. - Uma umuthi wokugoma ububuyiselwe okungenani kancane, ungaba nomthelela ekwandiseni ukugonywa kwe-pertussis emaqenjini entsha kanye nabantu abadala - kuphakamisa u-prof. I-Ślusarczyk.
Uhlelo Lokugoma lwasePoland
- Kuyihlazo ukuthi Uhlelo Lokugoma lwasePoland alwanele nje kuphela ngokombono we-USA, Canada noma amazwe aseNtshonalanga Yurophu, kodwa futhi lumpofu kakhulu uma luqhathaniswa nezinhlelo zokugoma zamahhala e-Czech Republic, Slovakia noma Hungary - uthukuthele uProf. Andrzej Radzikowski. Ngakho-ke yini okufanele uyenze ukuze wenze izingane zasePoland zigonywe ezingeni laseYurophu nokunciphisa ukungalingani ekufinyeleleni imigomo, ngoba izinhlelo zikahulumeni wendawo zenza ushintsho kuye ngokuthi indawo yokuhlala? Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi ikhambi kungaba ukufaka imithi yokugoma ohlwini lwemithi ebuyiselwe futhi okungenani ukukhokhela izindleko zayo yi-National Health Fund. UProf. Radzikowski uthi ngaphezu kokugoma okuyimpoqo, imigomo yokugomela i-hepatitis A phakathi kwentsha, imigomo ye-hepatitis B kufanele ibuyiselwe esimweni sayo yonke i-Pole engagonyiwe, ngokumelene ne-pneumococci ezinganeni nakubantu abadala, ngokumelene ne-meningococci kanye ne-pertussis entsheni. Kuyadingeka futhi ukufundisa odokotela ukuze ukutholakala kokugoma ePoland kuphezulu ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukugoma akuyona indaba yokuzikhethela komuntu. Ukuncipha kokugonywa kwabantu, aba maningi amathuba okutheleleka kanye nezifo kulabo abangakwazi ukugonywa ngenxa yezizathu zempilo noma labo ukugoma okubonakale kungaphumeleli. – Odokotela abaningi bayeluleka ngokugoma abazali, ngoba ingane encane ithimula kathathu futhi ithimula ngaso sonke isikhathi ngoba iya enkulisa. Futhi uma, uNkulunkulu ekwenqabela, kwaba nesigameko sokuquleka esinomkhuhlane, ingane ikhululiwe ekugonyweni ukuphila kwayo konke. Lokhu akufanele kube njalo, kugcizelela uDkt. Piotr Albrech ovela eMnyangweni we-Gastroenterology and Nutrition for Children at the Medical University of Warsaw.