Okuqukethwe
I-Katrans, i-katranovye - umndeni omkhulu woshaka abaphakathi, ohlanganisa izizukulwane ezimbili nezinhlobo ezingu-70. Ubukhulu ngokuvamile abudluli ku-2 m, kuyilapho izinhlobo eziningi ze-katranovyh zikhula zifinyelela ku-60-90 cm. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lonke iqembu le-katranovidnye (oshaka be-spiny) lihlanganisa izinhlobo ezingu-22 nezinhlobo ezingu-112. Kusatshalaliswa kabanzi. Indawo yabo amanzi abandayo napholile e-World Ocean eNyakatho neNingizimu Nenkabazwe. Ama-Katrans aziwa kakhulu phakathi kwabathandi bokudoba olwandle baseRussia, ngoba ushaka ovamile noma onamabala (katran), ohlala olwandle egeza indawo yaseRussia, ungowomndeni ofanayo. Lena inhlanzi encane efika ku-1 m, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi kukhona abantu abangaba ngu-2 m ubude futhi banesisindo esingafika ku-14 kg. Inomzimba omude oyisici. Isici sesakhiwo sangaphandle ubukhona be-prickly spike phansi kwamaphiko omhlane. Ikakhulukazi impilo yomhlambi. Ukudla koshaka kuhluke kakhulu. Ukudla okuyinhloko kwe-katrans yizinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezincane ezihlukahlukene, njenge-herring, sardines, nokunye. Kodwa uma kubhekwa indlela yokuphila ephansi ekhona, imenyu ihlanganisa ama-crustaceans ahlukahlukene, izikelemu, ama-mollusk nokunye. Amacala okufuduka okude kwama-spiny shark ayaziwa, kodwa kukholakala ukuthi indawo yokuhlala eyinhloko itholakala endaweni esogwini ekujuleni okungafika ku-200 m. I-katran yalolu hlobo inkulu kakhulu phakathi komndeni. Ezinye izinhlanzi zaziwa kancane futhi zimbalwa ngenani. Olunye uhlobo oluvamile uma kuqhathaniswa ushaka omncane oyisipina, ongatholakala nasemanzini asendaweni yaseRussia. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-katran zihlala ekujuleni okukhulu kuphela. Phakathi kwazo kukhona: ushaka omnyama oyi-spiny, ushaka wamaPutukezi. Ukujula kwendawo yokuhlala yezinhlobo ezinjalo kungafinyelela ku-2700 m. I-Katrans iyinto ethandwa kakhulu yokudoba ukuzijabulisa. Nakuba abadobi bebheka lab’ oshaka njengohlobo oluyingozi, ngoba ngokuvamile bawonakalisa izikhali futhi badle ababanjiwe. Izinhlanzi zihlukaniswa ngenyama emnandi, engeyona amathambo ngaphandle kwephunga elithile, njengezinhlobo eziningi zabanye oshaka.
Izindlela zokudoba
I-Katran ibanjwa ngenhloso, futhi iphinde ibonakale njenge-bycatch. Lokhu akudingi amagiya akhethekile, njengomthetho, alula, futhi isici esiyinhloko amandla. Ukuze ubambe i-katran, ungasebenzisa imishini yokuphotha, ama-tiers, amadonki nokunye. Kwabadobi abaningi ogwini loLwandle Olumnyama, ukudoba i-katran kuwumsebenzi othokozisayo, ngoba kuyinhlanzi ephilayo enenyama emnandi nethambile. Kuyaphawuleka lapha ukuthi indawo yokusatshalaliswa kwe-katran engu-uXNUMXbuXNUMXb, olwandle egeza iRussia, ayigcini ngoLwandle Olumnyama. Ngesikhathi sohambo lwesikebhe eduze neNhlonhlo ye-Kola naseMpumalanga Ekude, kungenzeka ukuhlangana nemihlambi yalo shaka omncane, ozingela inqwaba ye-herring nezinye izinhlanzi ezincane. Ushaka ubanjwa kokubili ogwini nasezikebheni ezihlukahlukene. Olwandle, i-katrana ivame ukufunwa imihlambi yama-gull ehamba nezikole zezinhlanzi ezincane. Ngokwezinga elikhulu, le nhlanzi ibanjwa ngokuyibamba kusetshenziswa izithiyo zemvelo. Njengoba kunikezwe iqiniso lokuthi ushaka uvame ukukhetha indlela yokuphila ephansi, ukusetshenziswa kwezimpahla ezihlukahlukene ezingezansi, ikakhulukazi lapho ukudoba ogwini, kungcono. Lapho kuhwalala nasebusuku, i-katran ivame ukuya ogwini ifuna ukudla, ngokuvamile ezindaweni lapho kwenziwa khona abantu.
Itiyela lokudoba ekuphotheni
Izimfundamakhwela eziningi zibamba i-katran zisebenzisa izinsimbi zokuphotha. Abanye abadobi banombono wokuthi izinduku zokuphotha kufanele zibe "ibanga lasolwandle". Izidingo eziyinhloko zenduku ukwaba amandla anele, kodwa isenzo sinconywa ukuthi sisheshe siphakathi noma sisondele ku-parabolic. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inhlanzi, ikakhulukazi esigabeni sokuqala sokudlala, yenza ama-jerk abukhali, okungaholela ekulahlekelweni kwegiya. Ngokudoba i-katran, izinti zokudoba ezifakwe kokubili okuphindaphindayo kanye nama-non-inertial reels zifanelekile. Ukudoba i-Catran ekuphotheni olwandle kusebenza kakhulu ngokuheha okuqondile nokujigiza. Kuzo zonke izimo, ngokudoba okuhlosiwe ku-katran, kufanelekile ukusebenzisa izintambo ezenziwe ngezinto ezihlala isikhathi eside. Kunguqulo elula, ingaba i-monofilament ekhudlwana, i-fluorocarbon, njalonjalo. Ukudoba olwandle, njengomthetho, akudingi ama-rigs athambile, futhi endabeni ye-katran, ungakhohlwa ukuthi lokhu kungushaka, nakuba kuncane. Lapho ulwa, kufanelekile ukwesaba amazinyo kakhulu njengama-spikes abukhali emaphikweni. Uma usebenzisa izintambo zokwenziwa, kungenzeka ukudoba ngezindlela zendabuko "zokusakaza", kanye "nethrekhi" noma "i-trolling". Lapho uluma, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukusika okubukhali, kucatshangelwa iqiniso lokuthi ukujula okukhulu, ukunyakaza kufanele kube okukhukhumezayo. Ukudoba okuphumelelayo kakhulu kokuphotha kutholakala ngokusebenzisa izingcezu zenyama yezinhlanzi, i-shellfish nezinye izinto ku-bait.
Amahubo
Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, ukudoba okuphumelele kakhulu kwe-katrans kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa izithiyo zemvelo. OLwandle Olumnyama, abadobi badoba ama-katrans kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, ngakho basebenzisa izilobo ezivamile zokudoba, njengezinhlanzi zokusika, i-shellfish, izikelemu zasolwandle, izinhlanzi ezincane nokunye. Uma usebenzisa ama-snap-ins ukuphotha okuqondile, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa kokubili ama-spinner amakhulu namancane anamasinki angeziwe, isibonelo, kunguqulo "ye-sliding". Lapho udoba nge-trolling, kuyinto efiselekayo ukusebenzisa izintambo eziningi ezigijimayo.
Izindawo zokudoba kanye nezindawo zokuhlala
Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, i-katrans olwandle imelelwa kabanzi. Njengomthetho, azikho ezindaweni ezise-equatorial, subbequatorial nasezindaweni eziphakeme ze-Arctic ne-Antarctic. ENyakatho-Ntshonalanga, emanzini aseRussia, i-katran yaziwa ezindaweni zaseMurmansk nase-Arkhangelsk (Barents and White Seas). Lapha kubizwa ngokuthi nokotnitsa noma marigold. Ukudoba okudume kakhulu kwe-katrana oLwandle Olumnyama. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, eMpumalanga Ekude, i-katran ingabanjwa emanzini azo zonke izilwandle eziseduze nensimu yaseRussia, kusukela oLwandle lwaseBering naseningizimu. Ukudoba i-katrans kudume kakhulu emazweni aseMpumalanga naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Akukho okuncane okuthuthukisiwe ukukhishwa kwe-katrans eNyakatho naseNtshonalanga Yurophu. Emakethe yaseYurophu, izinhlanzi zingase zibe ngaphansi kwegama elithi “sea eel”.
Ukuzalela
Wonke ama-katrans angama-ovoviviparous. Izinsikazi zaseKatran zithwala inzalo emaqandani angama-13-15. Ukuzala kuphansi kakhulu, ngokuvamile iwundlu elilodwa kuphela elizalwa kwabesifazane. Kwezinye izinhlobo, ukukhulelwa kwenzeka cishe iminyaka emi-2. Ubukhulu bezinhlanzi ezisanda kuzalwa cishe 20-25 cm.