La i-legionellosis, noma isifo se-Legionnaires, isifo esithathelwanayo esisuka kubhaktheriya, esihlala singavamile kodwa ngokuvamile sivela ngendlelaizifo eziwumshayabhuqe.

Ngokwesilinganiso, emazweni aseNtshonalanga, izigameko zibhekwa njengezihluka kusuka kweyodwa kuye kwezingama-1 kubantu abayisigidi ngonyaka. Ngakho, eFrance, ngo-30, amacala angaphansi kuka-2012 we-legionellosis akwaziswa (isimemezelo sabo siyimpoqo).

Lesi sifo sisakazwa ngokuhogela ama-aerosol aqukethe ibhaktheriya yohlobo lwe-Legionella (cishe izinhlobo ezingamashumi amahlanu ezaziwayo) futhi evelaamanzi angcolile, ikakhulukazi emiphakathini (izifudumezi zamanzi, amathangi amanzi ashisayo, imibhoshongo yokupholisa, ama-spa, njll.). Akusona isifo esithathelwanayo.

Lesi sifo singazibonakalisa ngezindlela ezimbili:

• i-flu-like syndrome, evame ukungabonakali (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-Pontiac fever)
• inyumoniya eyingozi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma ihlasela abantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthaka, okuhlanganisa nabantu abasesibhedlela.

Ukuhlolwa kwelabhorethri kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxilongwa kwe-legionellosis, uma kwenzeka izimpawu ze-pneumonia.

Ukuhlola okuningana kungasetshenziswa, okuhlanganisa:

• isiko lebhaktheriya
• la ukuhlolwa kwe-antigen encibilikayo emchameni
• ukuhlaziywa kwe-serological (ukuxilongwa sekwephuzile)
• ukuhlaziya okuqondile kwe-immunofluorescence kumasampula okuphefumula
• usesho lwezakhi zofuzo zebhaktheriya (nge-PCR)

Lezi zivivinyo ngalunye lunezici zalo kanye nezinzuzo zalo.

Isiko lebhaktheriya (kusuka kusampula yokuphefumula) lihlala liyindlela yokubhekisela, ngoba yenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlonza ngokunembile uhlobo lwe-legionella oluhilelekile.

Kodwa-ke, ukuhlolwa kwe-antigen encibilika umchamo kusetshenziswa kakhulu ngoba kuyashesha kakhulu kunokutshala futhi kulula ukukwenza. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuhlolwa kungaxilonga uhlobo olulodwa lwe-Legionella, L. pneumophila serogroup 1, obhekene ne-90% ye-legionellosis.

Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa kwisampula yomchamo futhi kuhlanganisa ukuthola “ama-traces” (ama-antigen) ibhaktheriya. Le mikhondo ikhona emchameni weningi leziguli ezinsukwini ezi-2 kuya kwezi-3 ngemuva kokuqala kwezimpawu zokuqala. Ukuhlolwa kuyazwela (80% kumchamo ogxilile) futhi kucace kakhulu (99%).

Kwenziwa ngokuhlelekile uma kwenzeka izimpawu zokuphefumula zenzeka esigulini esibhedlela, ngoba i-legionellosis yisifo esatshwayo se-nosocomial.

Umphumela wawo ungabuyiswa ngemizuzu eyi-15 (sibonga izinsiza zokuxilonga ezentengiselwano).

Uma ukuhlolwa ku-positive, ukutholakala kwe-Legionellosis kuzoqinisekiswa. Isiko nokho lizohlala libalulekile ophenyweni lwe-epidemiological.

Udokotela uphoqelekile ukuthi abike icala kwabaphathi bezempilo yomphakathi. Ukuhlonza umthombo wokungcola kubalulekile ukuze kuncishiswe ukusabalala kwalolu bhubhane. Ngakho-ke ezinye izimo ezingaba khona zingatholwa kusenesikhathi.

Ngokuqondene nesiguli, ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotic kuzophathwa ngokushesha, ngokuvamile ngokusekelwe ku-antibiotic yomndeni we-macrolide.