I-ureter (kusuka e-Greek urêtêr) ingumgudu womgudu womchamo ophethe umchamo kusuka ezinso kuya esinyeni.

Isikhundla. Kukhona ama-ureters amabili. I-ureter ngayinye iqala kusukela okhalweni, ingxenye yomchamo oqoqa umchamo, yehlela ngasesifundeni se-lumbar ngaphambi kokuqeda uhambo lwayo ngokufaka odongeni lwendawo engezansi kakhulu yesinye (1).

Ukwakheka. I-ureter ngumsele obonisa ubude obuphakathi kuka-25 no-30 cm ubude, nobubanzi obusukela ku-1 kuye ku-10 mm, futhi bethula izindawo ezintathu zokuqina (2). Imisipha nokunwebeka, udonga lwayo lwakhiwa izingqimba ezintathu (3):

• I-detrusor okuyisendlalelo sangaphandle esakhiwa izicubu zemisipha ebushelelezi
• I-lamina propria okuyisendlalelo esiphakathi sezicubu ezihlanganayo ezibandakanya izinzwa ezithile kanye nemithambo yegazi.
• I-urothelium okuyingqimba yangaphakathi yolwelwesi lwamafinyila eyakhiwe ngamaseli e-urothelial.

Ukukhishwa kwemfucuza yomzimba. Umsebenzi wama-ureters ukukhipha udoti ogcwele umchamo, uwuthuthe usuka okhalweni lezinso uwuyise esinyeni ngaphambi kokuthi ukhishwe (2).

I-lithiasis ye-Urinary. Le nkinga ihambisana nokwakheka kwamatshe, ukuhlangana okwenziwe ngosawoti bamaminerali, ezingeni lama-ureters. Lezi zibalo zizoholela ekuvinjelweni kwamapayipi. Lesi sifo singavezwa ubuhlungu obukhulu obubizwa ngokuthi i-renal colic. (4)

Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-Ureter. Kunokungajwayelekile okuningi kokuthuthuka okungathinta i-ureter. Isibonelo, ukukhubazeka kwe-vesico-uteric reflux kubangelwa ingxenye emfushane kakhulu ye-ureter esezingeni lesinye, engadala ukutheleleka (5).

Umdlavuza wesibeletho. Amaseli we-ureter angathinteka izicubu ezinobungozi (ezingelona umdlavuza) noma izicubu ezimbi (ezinomdlavuza). Lezi zokugcina zixhunyaniswe ikakhulukazi ne-urothelial carcinoma, amangqamuzana omdlavuza avela ku-urothelium (3). Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza lukhona kakhulu ezimweni zomdlavuza wesinye.

Ukwelashwa. Ngokuya ngesifo esitholakele, kungabekwa imishanguzo ehlukene njengama-antibiotics noma amaphilisi ezinhlungu.

Ukwelashwa kokuhlinzwa. Ngokuya ngesifo esitholakele, kungenziwa ukuhlinzwa. Endabeni yomdlavuza we-ureteric, imisebenzi ehlukile ingenziwa ngokuya ngesiteji kanye nokuvela kwesimila: ukususwa kwesimila ngokuhlinzwa kwe-endoscopic, ukukhishwa okuyingxenye ngokuvuselelwa kwesigaba noma ukukhishwa kwe-ureter okuphelele nge-nephro-ureterectomy enamandla (3).

I-Chemotherapy, i-radiotherapy. Ngokuya ngesigaba sesimila, amakhemikhali we-chemotherapy noma ama-radiotherapy angahle asethwe. (6)

Ukuhlolwa kwe-urine cytobacteriological (ECBU). Endabeni yokutheleleka nge-ureteric, lokhu kuhlolwa kungenziwa ukukhomba amagciwane akhona emchameni kanye nokuzwela kwawo kuma-antibiotics. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa ikakhulukazi uma kwenzeka i-cystitis eyinkimbinkimbi.

Izivivinyo ze-Medical imaging. Izivivinyo ezahlukahlukene zezithombe zezokwelapha zingasetshenziswa ukuhlaziya isinye: i-ultrasound, i-intravenous urography, i-retrograde cystography noma i-uroscanner.

Ureteroscopy.Lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-endoscopic kwenzelwa ukuhlaziya izindonga zama-ureters. Kwenziwa ikakhulukazi ukwelapha amatshe okuchama uma kwenzeka kuba nezithambile zomchamo.

I-cytology ye-Urinary. Lokhu kuhlolwa kungakhomba ubukhona bamaseli womdlavuza emchameni.

Ukuqomisana kusuka eGibhithe lasendulo futhi kwenziwa kuze kube yikhulu le-7th, i-uroscopy yindlela yokwelapha eyaphayona ku-urology. Esikhundleni salo yimichilo yomchamo, i-uroscopy yayiqukethe ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo komchamo ukukhomba ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezithile (XNUMX).