Kuyini ukuxilongwa ngaphambi kokubeletha?

Bonke abesifazane abakhulelwe banokufinyelela ekuhlolweni ngaphambi kokubeletha (ama-ultrasounds amathathu + ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-trimester yesibili). Uma ukuhlolwa kubonisa ukuthi kunengozi yokukhubazeka noma ukungahambi kahle kwengane, ucwaningo olwengeziwe lwenziwa ngokuxilonga ngaphambi kokubeletha. Ivumela ukuqaphela noma ukukhipha ubukhona obuthile be-fetus anomaly noma isifo. Kuye ngemiphumela, kuhlongozwa i-prognosis engaholela ekunqanyulweni kokukhulelwa kwezokwelapha noma ekuhlinzweni kwengane lapho izalwa.

Ubani ongazuza ekuxilongeni ngaphambi kokubeletha?

Bonke abesifazane abasengcupheni yokubeletha ingane ekhubazekile.

Kulokhu, banikezwa kuqala ukubonisana nodokotela ukuze bathole ukwelulekwa ngofuzo. Phakathi nale ngxoxo, sichazela abazali besikhathi esizayo ngezingozi zokuhlolwa kokuxilonga kanye nomthelela wokonakala empilweni yengane.

Ukuxilongwa ngaphambi kokubeletha: yiziphi izingozi?

Kunamasu ahlukene, okuhlanganisa izindlela ezingahlanyisisi (ngaphandle kwengozi kumama nombungu njenge-ultrasound) kanye nezindlela zokuhlasela (isibonelo, i-amniocentesis). Lokhu kungabangela ukufinyela noma ngisho nokutheleleka ngakho-ke akuyona into encane. Ngokuvamile zenziwa kuphela uma kunezimpawu eziyisixwayiso eziqinile zokulimala kwengane.

Ingabe ukuxilongwa ngaphambi kokubeletha kuyabuyiselwa?

I-DPN ibuyiselwa uma inqunywe ngokwezempilo. Ngakho-ke, uma uneminyaka engu-25 ubudala futhi ufuna ukwenza i-amniocentesis ngenxa nje yokwesaba ukuzala ingane ene-Down's syndrome, ngeke ukwazi ukufaka isicelo sembuyiselo ye-amniocentesis, isibonelo.

Ukuxilongwa ngaphambi kokubeletha kokukhubazeka ngokomzimba

I-Ultrasound. Ngaphezu kwama-ultrasounds amathathu okuhlola, kukhona okuthiwa “ireferensi” ama-ultrasound abukhali okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukubheka ubukhona bokungajwayelekile kwe-morphological: imilenze, inhliziyo noma ukukhubazeka kwezinso. Amaphesenti angama-60 wokunqanyulwa kokukhulelwa ngokwezokwelapha anqunywa kulandela lokhu kuhlolwa.

Ukuxilongwa ngaphambi kokubeletha kokungajwayelekile kofuzo

I-Amniocentesis. Njengoba yenziwa phakathi kweviki le-15 nele-19 lokukhulelwa, i-amniocentesis ivumela uketshezi lwe-amniotic ukuthi luqoqwe ngenaliti ecolekile, ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwe-ultrasound. Ngakho-ke singabheka okungavamile kwe-chromosomal kodwa nezimo zofuzo. Ukuhlolwa kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nengozi yokuqedwa ngengozi kokukhulelwa kusondela ku-1%. Igcinelwe abesifazane abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-38 ubudala noma ukukhulelwa kwabo kubhekwa njengengcuphe (umlando womndeni, ukuhlolwa okukhathazayo, isibonelo). Kuyindlela esetshenziswa kakhulu yokuxilonga: i-10% yabesifazane baseFrance bayayisebenzisa.

I-biopsy ye-trophoblast. Ishubhu elincanyana lifakwa emlonyeni wesibeletho lapho kutholakala khona i-chorionic villi ye-trophoblast (i-placenta yesikhathi esizayo). Lokhu kunikeza ukufinyelela ku-DNA yengane ukuze kuhlonzwe okungaba khona okungavamile kwechromosomal. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa phakathi kweviki le-10 nele-11 lokukhulelwa kanti ingozi yokuphuphuma kwesisu iphakathi kuka-1 no-2%.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi likamama. Lokhu okokubheka amaseli e-fetus akhona ngamanani amancane egazini likamama ozoba ngumama. Ngalawa maseli, singakwazi ukusungula “i-karyotype” (imephu yofuzo) yengane ukuze sithole ukungavamile okungenzeka kwe-chromosomal. Le ndlela, esahlolwa, esikhathini esizayo ingase ithathele indawo i-amniocentesis ngoba ayinayo ingozi kumntwana.

I-Cordocentesis. Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha igazi emthanjeni wenkaba wentambo. Ngenxa ye-cordocentesis, izifo eziningi zitholakala, ikakhulukazi esikhumbeni, i-hemoglobin, i-rubella noma i-toxoplasmosis. Lesi sampula senzeka kusukela evikini lama-21 lokukhulelwa. Kodwa-ke, kunengozi enkulu yokulahlekelwa kwengane futhi odokotela banamathuba amaningi okwenza i-amniocentesis.

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