Okuqukethwe
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-nozzles akhethekile (ama-bits) emsebenzini wokuhlanganisa kwaba ngesikhathi esisodwa ngenxa yokwehluleka okusheshayo kwamathiphu ama-screwdrivers avamile ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwawo kochwepheshe. Mayelana nalokhu, izingcezu ezishintshwayo, ezasungulwa engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lama-20, zaba nenzuzo enkulu futhi zilula.
Lapho uqinisa izikulufu ezingamakhulu amaningana zokuzithinta nge-screwdriver nge-tip, zaqala ukushintsha hhayi i-screwdriver, kodwa kuphela i-nozzle yayo, eyayishibhile kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho usebenza nezinhlobo eziningana zezinsimbi ngesikhathi esisodwa, amathuluzi amaningi ahlukene ayengadingeki. Esikhundleni salokho, ku-screwdriver eyodwa, kwakwanele ukushintsha i-nozzle, eyathatha imizuzwana embalwa kuphela.
Kodwa-ke, isisusa esikhulu ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kwamabhithi kwaba ukusungulwa kwamakhanda okubopha amaphakathi. Okuvame kakhulu kuzo kwakuyi-cruciform - PH ne-PZ. Ngokucwaningwa ngokucophelela kwemiklamo yabo, kungatholakala ukuthi ichopho lombhobho, elicindezelwe phakathi nendawo yekhanda lesikulufa, alinawo amandla abalulekile aseceleni alikhipha ekhanda.
Ngokohlelo lwesistimu yokuzimela, ezinye izinhlobo zamakhanda okubopha asetshenziswa namuhla nazo zakhiwe. Bakuvumela ukuthi uguqule izakhi hhayi kuphela ngesivinini esiphansi, kodwa futhi ngesivinini esibalulekile ngomthwalo omkhulu we-axial.
Okuhlukile kuphela uhlobo oluqondile lwe-S. Ngokomlando zaziklanyelwe izikulufu zokuqala ezibhola ngesandla. Ukuqondanisa kancane ezikhaleni akwenzeki, ngakho-ke, ngokukhuphuka kwejubane lokujikeleza noma ukwehla kwengcindezi ye-axial, umlomo wombhobho uyaphuma ekhanda elikhuphukayo.
Lokhu kugcwele umonakalo endaweni engaphambili yesici okufanele silungiswe. Ngakho-ke, emhlanganweni owenziwe ngomshini wemikhiqizo ebucayi, ukuxhumana nezinto ezine-slot eqondile akusetshenzisiwe.
Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kukhawulelwe kuma-fasteners angabalulekile kakhulu anesivinini esiphansi sokusonta. Lapho uhlanganisa imikhiqizo ngethuluzi lomshini, lezo zinhlobo zokuqinisa kuphela ezisetshenziswa lapho kuqinisekiswa ukulingana okuthembekile kwe-nozzle ku-fastener.
Ukuhlukaniswa okuncane
I-fastening bits ingahlukaniswa ngokuya ngezinqubo ezimbalwa:
- uhlobo lwesistimu yokubopha;
- usayizi wekhanda;
- ubude benduku encane;
- impahla yenduku;
- ukunamathela kwensimbi;
- umklamo (owodwa, ophindwe kabili);
- kungenzeka ukugoba (okuvamile kanye nokuhlushwa).
Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlukaniswa kwamabhithi abe yizinhlobo zezinhlelo zokubopha. Ziningi zazo, ezivame kakhulu kuzoxoxwa ngazo ezigabeni ezimbalwa.
Cishe yonke isistimu yezinhlobo zezilwane inamasayizi amaningana ajwayelekile, ahluka ngosayizi wekhanda lamathuluzi kanye nembobo yokubopha ehambisana nayo. Aqokwa ngezinombolo. Ezincane kakhulu ziqala ku-0 noma ku-1. Izincomo zohlobo zikhombisa amadayamitha entambo yezinsimbi lapho ibhithi elingaphansi kwenombolo ethile lihloselwe yona. Ngakho-ke, i-PH2 bit ingasetshenziswa nezixhumi ezinobubanzi obuyintambo obungu-3,1 kuya ku-5,0 mm, i-PH1 isetshenziselwa izikulufu ezizithephayo ezinobubanzi obungu-2,1–3,0, njll.
Ukuze kube lula ukusetshenziswa, ama-bits atholakala ngobude obuhlukene be-shaft - kusuka ku-25 mm kuya ku-150 mm. I-sting of a long bit ifinyelela ezindaweni lapho umnikazi wayo onamandla engakwazi ukungena khona.
Izinto kanye enamathela
I-alloy material lapho i-bit yenziwe khona isiqinisekiso sokuqina kwayo noma, ngokuphambene, ukuthambile kwesakhiwo, lapho, lapho amandla acacisiwe edlula khona, akusiyo i-fastener ephukayo, kodwa i-bit. Kwamanye amalunga abalulekile, isilinganiso esinjalo samandla siyadingeka.
Kodwa-ke, ngobuningi bezinhlelo zokusebenza, umsebenzisi unentshisekelo enani eliphezulu elingenzeka lokusonta okuqinisiwe ngebhithi eyodwa. Ukuze uthole izingcezu eziqinile ezingaphuli ngenxa ye-brittleness ye-alloy, ungaguquki ezindaweni zokuthinta ezilayishwe kakhulu, kusetshenziswa ama-alloys ahlukahlukene nezinsimbi. Lokhu kubandakanya:
- izinsimbi zekhabhoni ezinesivinini esikhulu zisuka ku-R7 ziye ku-R12;
- insimbi yensimbi S2;
- i-chrome vanadium alloys;
- ingxubevange ye-tungsten nge-molybdenum;
- ingxubevange chromium nge molybdenum nabanye.
Indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni izakhiwo zamandla zama-bits idlalwa ngezingubo ezikhethekile. Ngakho, ungqimba lwe-chromium-vanadium alloy luvikela ithuluzi ekugqwaleni, futhi ukubekwa kongqimba lwe-titanium nitride kukhulisa kakhulu ubulukhuni balo nokumelana nokugqoka. I-diamond coating (i-tungsten-diamond-carbon), i-tungsten-nickel nezinye zinezakhiwo ezifanayo.
Ungqimba lwe-titanium nitride kubhithi lubonakala kalula ngombala walo osagolide, owedayimane ngokucwebezela kwesici sesihloko sodosi. Kunzima kakhulu ukuthola uhlobo lwensimbi noma i-alloy of bits, umenzi ngokuvamile akanikezi noma afihle lolu lwazi ezithakazelweni zezentengiso. Kuphela kwezinye izimo, ibanga lensimbi (i-S2, isibonelo) lingasetshenziswa komunye wobuso.
Izinketho zokuklama
Ngokuklama, i-bit ingaba eyodwa (i-sting ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-shank ene-hexagonal ngakolunye) noma iphindwe kabili (izintisi ezimbili ekugcineni). Uhlobo lwakamuva lunempilo yesevisi ekabili (kokubili ukuntinyela kuyafana) noma kulula ukuyisebenzisa (izinti ziyahluka ngosayizi noma uhlobo). Okuwukuphela kokubi kwalolu hlobo lwebhithi ukungenakwenzeka kokulufaka ku-screwdriver ye-manual.
Amabhithi angakhiqizwa ngezinguqulo ezijwayelekile kanye ne-torsion. Emklamo wokugcina, ithiphu ngokwayo kanye ne-shank ixhunywe ngokufaka okuqinile kwentwasahlobo. Yona, isebenza ngokusonta, idlulisela i-torque futhi ikuvumela ukuthi ugobe kancane, okwandisa amathuba okufinyelela ezindaweni ezingalungile. Intwasahlobo iphinda imunce amanye amandla omthelela, ivimbele ibhithi ukuthi liphule ama-splines.
Izingcezu ze-Torsion zisetshenziswa nezishayeli zomthelela lapho amandla okushayisana asetshenziswa ngokuzenzakalelayo kumbuthano wokugoqa. Izingcezu zalolu hlobo zibiza kakhulu kunezicucu ezijwayelekile, zihlala isikhathi eside, zikuvumela ukuthi usonte izibophelelo ezinde zibe izinto eziminyene izingcezu ezivamile ezingakwazi ukubhekana nazo.
Ukuze kube lula ukusetshenziswa, ama-bits akhiqizwa ngobude obuhlukene. Ngamunye olandela usayizi oyinhloko ojwayelekile (25 mm) ubude obungu-20-30 mm kunowangaphambili - njalonjalo kuze kufike ku-150 mm.
Isici esibaluleke kakhulu sebhithi ubude besikhathi sokusebenza. Imvamisa ivezwa ngenani lezinsimbi ezikrufulwe ngaphambi kokuthi ithuluzi lihluleke. Ukonakala kodosi kuzibonakalisa “ngokukhotha” kancane kancane ezimbanjeni ngesikhathi ibhithi liphuma esikhaleni. Mayelana nalokhu, izingcezu ezimelana kakhulu yilezo ezingafakwanga emizamweni ewakhipha esikhaleni.
Kwezisetshenziswa kakhulu, zifaka i-H, i-Torx izinhlelo kanye nokuguqulwa kwazo. Mayelana nokuxhumana okuqinile phakathi kwamabhithi nama-fasteners, kunezinye izinhlelo eziningi, kuhlanganise nama-anti-vandal, kodwa ukusatshalaliswa kwazo kunqunyelwe ngenxa yezizathu eziningi zobuchwepheshe.
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zamabhithi asetshenzisiwe
Inani lezinhlobo zamabhithi, okuhlanganisa nalezo eseziphelelwe yisikhathi ngenxa yokufaneleka okuphansi kobuchwepheshe, lilinganiselwa eshumini nambili. Namuhla, lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo zamabhithi e-screwdriver zine-scope enkulu kakhulu yohlelo lokusebenza kubuchwepheshe bokubopha:
- PH (Phillips) - cruciform;
- PZ (Pozidriv) - cruciform;
- I-Hex (echazwe ngohlamvu H) - i-hexagonal;
- I-Torx (ekhonjiswe ngezinhlamvu T noma TX) - ngesimo senkanyezi enamaphuzu ayisithupha.
PH imibhobho
I-PH Phillips Blade, eyethulwa ngemuva kuka-1937, kwakuyithuluzi lokuqala lokuzisebenzela lokushayela izibophelelo ezinemicu eyisikulufu. Umehluko wekhwalithi kusukela ekudongeni okuyisicaba ukuthi isiphambano se-PH asizange siphume esikhaleni ngisho nangokuzungezisa ngokushesha kwethuluzi. Yiqiniso, lokhu kwakudinga amandla athile e-axial (ukucindezela ibhithi ngokumelene nesixhumi), kodwa ukusetshenziswa kalula kukhuphuke kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezikhala eziyisicaba.
Ukugoqa kwakudingeka futhi kuzikulufu ezinezikhala eziyisicaba, kodwa lapho kuqiniswa ibhithi elingu-PH, bekungadingeki ukuthi kugxilwe ukunaka nemizamo yokukhawulela ukuba nokwenzeka kokuthi ithiphu iphume esikhaleni. Ijubane lokusonta (ukukhiqiza) liye landa kakhulu ngisho nalapho usebenza nge-screwdriver manual. Ukusetshenziswa komshini we-ratchet, bese kuba izikulufu ze-pneumatic nezikagesi, ngokuvamile kunciphisa ukuqina komsebenzi wokuhlanganisa izikhathi ezimbalwa, okwanikeza ukonga kwezindleko okukhulu kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lokukhiqiza.
I-PH sting inama-blade amane, ajiya ngokuqina ngasekupheleni kwebhithi. Baphinde bathwebule izingxenye zokukhwelana ze-fastener futhi bayiqinise. Lolu hlelo luqanjwe ngonjiniyela owalusebenzisa kubuchwepheshe be-fastener (Phillips).
Amabhithi angu-PH atholakala ngosayizi abahlanu - PH 0, 1, 2, 3 kanye no-4. Ubude beshaft - kusuka ku-25 (okuyisisekelo) kuya ku-150 mm.
Ama-Nozzles PZ
Cishe eminyakeni engu-30 kamuva (ngo-1966) kwasungulwa uhlelo lokubopha i-PZ (Pozidriv). Yasungulwa yiPhilips Screw Company. Umumo we-PZ sting is cruciform, njengaleso se-PH, nokho, zombili izinhlobo zinomehluko ongathi sína kangangokuthi azivumeli ilulwane lesistimu eyodwa ukuthi liqinise ama-fasteners yenye. I-engeli yokulola isiphetho sebhithi ihlukile – ku-PZ ibukhali (50º versus 55 º). Ama-blade e-PZ awanciphisi njengalawo we-PH, kodwa ahlala elingana ngokuqina kubo bonke ubude bawo. Kwakuyilesi sici sokuklama esanciphisa amandla okukhipha ithiphu ku-slot ngemithwalo ephezulu (isivinini esikhulu sokusonta noma ukumelana okubalulekile kokujikeleza). Ushintsho ekwakhiweni kwebhithi luthuthukise ukuxhumana kwayo nekhanda le-fastener, okwandisa impilo yesevisi yethuluzi.
Umbhobho we-PZ uyahluka ku-PH ngokubukeka - imifantu ezinhlangothini zombili zensingo ngayinye, yenza ama-elementi acijile angekho kubhithi engu-PH. Ngokulandelayo, ukuze bahlukanise kusukela ku-PH, abakhiqizi basebenzisa amanotshi esici kuzibophelelo ze-PZ, ezisuswe ngo-45º kude nezinamandla. Lokhu kuvumela umsebenzisi ukuthi azulazule ngokushesha lapho ekhetha ithuluzi.
Amabhithi e-PZ atholakala ngosayizi abathathu PZ 1, 2 no-3. Ubude be-Shaft busuka ku-25 kuya ku-150 mm.
Ukuduma okukhulu kwezinhlelo ze-PH kanye ne-PZ kuchazwa amathuba amahle okusebenza kwethuluzi elizenzakalelayo ekusebenzeni komhlangano we-in-line kanye nokungabizi okulinganiselwe kwamathuluzi nezixhumi. Kwezinye izinhlelo, lezi zinzuzo zinezisusa zezomnotho ezingabalulekile, ngakho azikamukelwa kabanzi.
Ama-Nozzles Hex
Ukuma kwephuzu, okukhonjiswa ngohlamvu H ekumaka, kuyiprism eyi-hexagonal. Uhlelo lwasungulwa emuva ngo-1910, futhi lujabulela impumelelo engapheli namuhla. Ngakho-ke, izikulufu zokuqinisekisa ezisetshenziswa embonini yefenisha zisontekile ngamabhithi e-H 4 mm. Leli thuluzi liyakwazi ukudlulisa i-torque ebalulekile. Ngenxa yokuxhumana okuqinile ne-fastener slot, inokuphila kwesevisi ende. Awukho umzamo wokusunduza kancane ku-slot. Imibhobho H itholakala ngosayizi ukusuka ku-1,5 mm kuya ku-10 mm.
I-Torx bits
Ama-Torx bits asetshenziswe kwezobuchwepheshe kusukela ngo-1967. Aqale afundiswa yinkampani yaseMelika i-Textron. I-sting i-prism enesisekelo esisesimweni senkanyezi enamaphuzu ayisithupha. Uhlelo lubonakala ngokuthintana okuseduze kwethuluzi elinama-fasteners, ikhono lokudlulisa i-torque ephezulu. Kusatshalaliswa kabanzi emazweni aseMelika naseYurophu, ngokuya ngokuthandwa, umthamo wokusetshenziswa useduze nezinhlelo ze-PH ne-PZ. Ukwenziwa kwesimanjemanje kwesistimu ye-Torx "i-asterisk" yomumo ofanayo, ingezwe ngembobo esikhungweni se-axial. Ama-fasteners ayo ane-cylindrical protrusion ehambisanayo. Ngokungeziwe ekuxhumaneni okuqinile nakakhulu phakathi kwebhithi nekhanda le-screw, lo mklamo uphinde ube nempahla ephikisana nokucekelwa phansi, okungabandakanyi ukuqaqa okungagunyaziwe kokuxhumeka.
Ezinye izinhlobo ze-nozzles
Ngokungeziwe kumasistimu we-nozzle achazwe, kunezinhlobo zamabhithi angaziwa kakhulu nezingasetshenziswa kakhulu ku-screwdriver. Amabhithi awela ezigabeni zawo:
- ngaphansi kwe-slot eqondile yohlobo S (i-slotted - slotted);
- uhlobo lwe-hexagon olunembobo phakathi nendawo;
- uhlobo lweprism yesikwele iRobertson;
- uhlobo lwemfoloko SP (“imfoloko”, “iso lenyoka”);
- uhlobo lwe-Tri-Wing enama-blade amathathu;
- uhlobo olunamaphiko amane lwe-Torg Set;
- kanye nabanye.
Izinkampani zithuthukisa amasistimu azo ahlukile wokuqinisa ibhithi ukuze kuvinjwe abangebona ochwepheshe ekufinyeleleni amagumbi amathuluzi kanye nokuvikela kubacekeli bokuqukethwe okuphangayo.
Izincomo ezincanyana
Ilulwane elihle lingenza imisebenzi eminingi yokuqinisa i-fastener kunozakwabo owenziwe lula. Ukuze ukhethe ithuluzi olifunayo, udinga ukuxhumana nenkampani yokuhweba abasebenzi bayo obathembayo futhi uthole izincomo ezidingekayo. Uma lokhu kungenakwenzeka, khetha izingcezu kubakhiqizi abaziwayo - i-Bosch, i-Makita, i-DeWALT, i-Milwaukee.
Naka ukuba khona koqweqwe oluqinile lwe-titanium nitride, futhi, uma kungenzeka, ezintweni zomkhiqizo. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokukhetha ukuzama ucezu olulodwa noma ezimbili zemishini ebhizinisini lakho. Ngakho awugcini nje ngokusungula ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ngokwakho, kodwa futhi ukwazi ukunikeza izincomo kubangani bakho. Mhlawumbe uzoma ekukhetheni okungabizi okunezinzuzo ezicacile zezomnotho noma zezobuchwepheshe kunezoqobo zezinkampani ezidumile.