Okuqukethwe
Ubusika be-Tulostoma (Tulostoma brumale)
- I-mammosum engakhiqizi
I-Winter thulostoma (i-Tulostoma brumale) isikhunta somndeni wakwaTulostoma.
Ukuma kwemizimba emincane ethela izithelo yamagatsha asebusika yi-hemispherical noma i-spherical. Amakhowe avuthiwe abonakala ngesiqu esithuthuke kahle, isigqoko esifanayo (ngezinye izikhathi sincishiswe kancane kusuka ngezansi). Ikhowe linosayizi omncane, ofana kakhulu ne-mace encane. Ikhula ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziseningizimu, lapho kutholakala khona isimo sezulu esipholile nesifudumele. Ezigabeni zokuqala zokukhula, imizimba yezithelo yalolu hlobo lwamakhowe ikhula ngaphansi komhlaba. Zibonakala ngombala omhlophe-ocher, futhi zisukela ku-3 kuye ku-6 mm ububanzi. Kancane kancane, umlenze omncane nonokhuni ubonakala ebusweni bomhlaba. Umbala wayo ungachazwa ngokuthi ocher brown. Inomumo we-cylindrical kanye nesisekelo se-tuberous. Ububanzi bomlenze waleli khowa buyi-2-4 mm, futhi ubude bayo bungafinyelela ku-2-5 cm. Phezulu, ibhola lombala onsundu noma ocher libonakala kuwo, elisebenza njengesigqoko. Enkabeni yebhola kunomlomo we-tubular, ozungezwe indawo ensundu.
Izinhlamvu zamakhowe zinombala ophuzi noma o-ocher-obomvu, ziyindilinga, futhi ingaphezulu lazo alilingani, limbozwe izinsumpa.
Ungahlangana nobusika obumnyama (iTulostoma brumale) kaningi ekwindla nasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. fruiting yayo esebenzayo iwe ngesikhathi kusukela October kuya May. Ithanda ukukhula emhlabathini we-limestone. Ukwakhiwa kwemizimba ye-fruiting kwenzeka kusukela ngo-Agasti kuya kuSeptemba, isikhunta siyingxenye ye-humus saportrophs. Ikhula ikakhulukazi emathafeni nasemahlathini aluhlaza, ku-humus nenhlabathi enesihlabathi. Akuvamile ukuhlangana nemizimba ye-fruiting ye-tustolomas yasebusika, ikakhulukazi ngamaqembu.
Amakhowe ezinhlobo ezichaziwe asatshalaliswa kabanzi e-Asia, eNtshonalanga Yurophu, e-Afrika, e-Australia naseNyakatho Melika. Kukhona igatsha lasebusika Ezweni Lethu, ngokuqondile, engxenyeni yalo yaseYurophu (eSiberia, eNyakatho yeCaucasus), nakwezinye izindawo zesifunda saseVoronezh (Novokhopersky, Verkhnekhavsky, Kantemirovsky).
Igatsha lasebusika liyikhowe elingadliwa.
Igatsha lasebusika (i-Tulostoma brumale) lifana nokubukeka kwelinye ikhowa elingadliwayo elibizwa ngokuthi i-tulostoma scaly. Lesi sakamuva sihlukaniswa ngosayizi omkhulu wesiqu, osabonakala ngombala onsundu ocebile. Izikali ezikhiphayo zibonakala ngokucacile ebusweni besiqu samakhowe.
Ikhowe lasebusika i-thulostoma alifakiwe ohlwini lwezinhlobo ezivikelekile, nokho, kwezinye izindawo lisathathwa ngaphansi kokuvikelwa. Izazi ze-Mycologists zinikeza izincomo ezithile zokulondolozwa kwezinhlobo ezichazwe zesikhunta ezindaweni zemvelo:
- Ezindaweni ezikhona zezinhlobo zezilwane, kufanele kuqashelwe umbuso wokuvikela.
- Kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlale ubheka izindawo ezintsha zokukhula kwamagatsha asebusika futhi uqiniseke ukuthi uhlela kahle ukuvikela kwazo.
- Kudingeka ukuqapha isimo sabantu abaziwayo balolu hlobo lwesikhunta.