Okuqukethwe
Ama-truffles akhula
Incazelo emfushane yesikhunta, izici zokukhula kwayo
I-Truffle iyikhowe le-marsupial. Inomzimba one-tuberous fruiting, nayo iyinyama, futhi ikhula ngaphansi komhlaba ekujuleni okungamasentimitha ayi-10-20. I-truffle inezinhlobonhlobo eziningi. Indawo eyinhloko yokukhula kwabo yihlathi laseNingizimu France, eNyakatho ye-Italy. Kodwa-ke, lawa makhowe atholakala nase-our country, Izwe Lethu, Belarus ngisho nase-Asia Ephakathi.
Lesi sitshalo siyi-saprophyte. I-Mycorrhism yakhiwa nguye ngezimpande ze-oki ne-beech, futhi uthola umsoco ezintweni eziphilayo emhlabathini. Ezimweni eziningi, umzimba othela izithelo unomumo oyisicaba ongavamile. Ngokomongo, i-mushroom enjalo ifana nezambane, noma inokubukeka kwe-marble. Kunemithambo enamarimu angenambala. I-truffle inesikhwama esimise okwesaka esinezinhlamvu ze-globular kanye nemigqa ebuthuntu. Nokho, akuzona zonke izinhlobo ze-truffle ezifanele ukudla. Ama-truffles ama-Black French nama-Piedmontese amhlophe anenani eliphakeme kakhulu. Izwe lethu libonakala ngohlobo olulodwa lwe-truffle - ihlobo. Ukuze ufune amakhowe anjalo, kusetshenziswa izinja nezingulube eziqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile. Kwesinye isikhathi, ungathola i-truffle uwedwa uma itholakala ngaphansi kwamaqabunga abolile.
Ukuze black (winter) truffle isimo esiyindilinga esiyindilinga somzimba othela izithelo, onendawo emnyama engalingani noma emnyama emnyama, iyisici. Ubukhulu bama-truffles anjalo bungahluka kakhulu - kusuka ku-walnut kuya ku-apula eliphakathi. Umzimba wesithelo unombala obomvu we-pulp, okuthi, ngemva kokuvuthwa ngokugcwele kwesikhunta, ube nsomi-mnyama. Lelikhowe linephunga elinamandla kanye nokunambitheka okuthambile.
Amakhowe adliwayo aqukethe izinto ezingokwemvelo hhayi ezitshalweni kuphela, kodwa nasezilwaneni. Kodwa-ke, akunakwenzeka ukubiza iphesenti eliqondile lezinto ezithile, ngoba azihlali njalo futhi kuncike ezimweni ezihlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, ngokwanda kwamaphesenti ezinto zezilwane kumakhowe, ziba nobuthi.
Ukukhetha nokulungiselela indawo
Ama-truffles amnyama ngokuvamile atshalwa ezihlahleni ezinama-oki, ama-hornbeam, amantongomane nama-beeches. Kuphela ezimpandeni zalezi zihlahla lapho ukhunta kwakheka i-mycorism. Ukusetshenziswa kwezihlahla zemvelo noma ezitshalwe ngokukhethekile kuvunyelwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-truffles adinga isimo sezulu esifudumele ukuze akhule, njengoba engakwazi ukubekezelela isithwathwa esinamandla noma izinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Ngakho-ke, isimo sezulu esinobusika obupholile kanye nehlobo elipholile nelinomswakama silungele ukutshalwa kwe-truffle. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi i-truffle ingakhula kuphela emhlabathini we-calcareous, okumele ukhishwe kahle futhi ube nesethi enhle yezakhi.
Ngesikhathi sokutshalwa kokwenziwa kwalawa makhowe, kubekwa amasimu akhethekile, futhi inhlabathi yengezwa emhlabathini, isici sendawo yokuhlala yemvelo yama-truffles.
Ukukhethwa kwendawo yezihlahla nakho kubalulekile, ngoba akufanele zivezwe izimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izihlahla ezinjalo kufanele zikhule ziqhelelene nezinye, futhi izilwane ezihlukene akufanele zifinyelele kuzo. Kubalulekile futhi ukuhlola izinga le-acidity yenhlabathi. Ekhaya, lokhu kwenziwa kanje - isampula yomhlabathi ifakwe esitsheni, bese uviniga omhlophe wengezwa lapho. Uma ingxube ikhipha umsindo omncane, khona-ke i-truffle ngeke ikhule enhlabathini enjalo, ukwanda kwezinga le-alkalinity kuyadingeka. Ngale njongo, i-lime yengezwa emhlabathini. Futhi kuphela ngemva kokuba kutshalwe izihlahla.
Hlwanyela i-mycelium
I-mycelium kufanele ilethwe kanye nomhlaba, owalethwa ezindaweni zemvelo ze-truffle. Ukuze wenze lokhu, i-mycelium imbiwa ifike ekujuleni okungamasentimitha ayi-10-15, ibekwe eduze kwezihlahla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungakwazi ukuphula i-mushroom evuthwe ngokugcwele futhi uyisakaze eduze nezimpande zezithombo zesihlahla. Kuze kube manje, izithombo ze-hazel sezivele zitholakala ukudayiswa, lapho kuxhunyelelwa khona izinhlamvu ze-truffle. Umkhiqizi wamakhowe utshalwa kabusha ekupheleni kwehlobo noma ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sasekwindla.
Ukukhula nokuvuna
Ukunakekelwa okuyinhloko lapho ukhula ama-truffles ukulungisa indawo ukuze ikhule. Emhlabathini akufanele kube nezihlahla ezihlukahlukene, futhi ngisho namanye amakhowe. Kufanele futhi uqaphe ngokucophelela ukuthi akekho onyathela lesi siqeshana somhlaba. Isivuno sokuqala kufanele silindelwe eminyakeni engama-5-7 ngemuva kokutshala izithombo. Ubude be-fruiting cishe iminyaka engu-25-30. Ngokuvamile, imizimba ye-truffle fruiting itholakala ezidlekeni zezingcezu ezingu-3-7 ndawonye. Ngemva kokuvuthwa, inhlabathi engaphezulu kwayo iyaphakama kancane, futhi utshani bome. Uma kwenzeka ukubonakala kwesibonakaliso esinjalo, ungaqhubekela ekuqaleni kokuvuna. Ezimweni eziningi, ama-truffles avuthwa ekwindla futhi avunwa ngaphambi kobusika. Ikhowe ngalinye kufanele ligoqwe ngesikhumba bese lifakwa elayisi elomile. Lokhu kugcina umswakama kumakhowe. Kufanele futhi wenqabe ukuwahlanza ngokuphelele emhlabathini, njengoba lokhu kuzobavikela ekulahlekelweni ukunambitheka nokubukeka kwama-microorganisms. Amakhowe kufanele agcinwe endaweni ebandayo.