Isifo esithathelwanayo esithathelwanayo esibangelwa amagciwane, i-syphilis eyaziwa kakhulu kuma-treponematoses. Kodwa-ke, akhona amanye ama-treponematoses akhona ezindaweni ezimpofu zomhlaba. Ziyini lezi zifo? Ungababona kanjani futhi ubaphathe kanjani?

I-Treponematosis, noma i-treponemosis, yigama elichaza isethi yezifo ezibhekene nama-treponemes, uhlobo lwamabhaktheriya omndeni wama-spirochetes.

Phakathi kwama-treponematoses amakhulu athinta abantu, kunezinhlobo ezi-4 ezihlukene zomtholampilo: 

I-syphilis ye-Venereal

I-syphilis venereal kuphela, ebangelwa i-Treponema pallidum, noma i-"pale treponema," isifo esithathelwana ngocansi. Ngemva kokucishe wanyamalala ngeminyaka yawo-1990 eFrance, isiphinde yavela ngokugcwele kusukela ngo-2000. Ihlanganisa izigaba ezi-3 eziqhubeka ziba zimbi kakhulu futhi ziholela ku-chancre (inkinobho) endaweni yokudlulisela kanye nezilonda zesikhumba.

Ama-treponematoses angapheli

Amanye ama-treponematoses avamile futhi afana nawo ukuthi abonwa kusencane futhi awalokothi abangele ukulimala kwezinzwa futhi abangele ukusabela okufanayo kwe-serological njengogcunsula. Sihlukanisa:

• I-endemic non-venereal syphilis noma i-“bejel”, ebangelwa i-Treponema pallidum endemicum, eyenzeka ezindaweni ezomile zaseSahelian e-Afrika;
• Le pian, ebangelwa i-Treponema pallidum pertenue, manje etholakala ngokukhethekile ku-foci eMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu;
• Iphayinti noma “mal del pinto” noma “caraté”, ebangelwa i-Treponema pallidum carateum, ethinta izingane zezindawo ezishisayo ezishisayo noma inkabazwe kuwo wonke amazwekazi eMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu, ebonakala ngezilonda esikhumbeni.

Ngokuya ngohlobo lwe-treponematosis, indlela yokungcola ihlukile. Kuyisifo esithathelwana kakhulu, kodwa esingavamile ukudluliselwa ngengozi (ngokulunywa), ngegazi (ukumpontshelwa), noma i-transplacental (umama ukuya ku-fetus).

Ama-treponematoses angapheli 

Ukudluliswa kwazo kwenzeka ikakhulukazi phakathi nokusondelana, ukusondelana phakathi kwezingane futhi ngezinye izikhathi phakathi kwezingane nabantu abadala esimweni sokuziphatha okuxekethile kanye nenhlanzeko engazinzile:

• I-bejel: ukudluliselwa kwenzeka ngokuthintana ngomlomo noma ngokuhlanganyela izitsha;
• Imihlathi: esabalele kakhulu edinga ukuthintana ngqo nesikhumba futhi ithandwa ukuhlukumezeka kwesikhumba;
• La pinta: Ukudluliselwa cishe kudinga ukuthintana nesikhumba esilimele kodwa akutheleleki kakhulu.

Uhlobo lwe-venereal lwe-syphilis kukholakala ukuthi lwavela eYurophu naseMpumalanga Ephakathi ngemva koguquko olusha kanye nendlela ekhethwayo yokudlulisela ucansi lomuntu omdala olungavikelekile nomuntu onogcunsula ngesikhathi sokuqala kwesifo. 

• Zonke izinhlobo zocansi olungavikelekile zingangcolisa, okuhlanganisa ucansi lomlomo noma, ngezinye izikhathi, ukuqabula okujulile;
• Ukutheleleka kusuka kumama kuya ku-fetus nakho kungadluliselwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

I-Syphilis, njenge-endemic treponematoses, ishintsha ngendlela efanayo. Isilonda sokuqala esilandelwa ukusakazeka kwesibili kwezilonda, bese kuba isikhathi sokulinda futhi ekugcineni isifo esibhubhisayo sekwephuzile.

Ama-treponematoses angapheli

• I-bejel: izilonda ze-mucosal kanye nezilonda zesikhumba, ezilandelwa izilonda zamathambo nesikhumba; 
• Izikhala zibangela i-periostitis nezilonda zesikhumba;
• Izilonda ze-pinta zivalelwe ku-dermis. 

Ugcunsula

Ngemuva kokutheleleka, umuntu uzobona induna eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ezithweni zabo zangasese noma ngemuva komphimbo. Le pimple ishintsha ibe isilonda esingenabuhlungu esingase siqhubeke 1 kuya 2 izinyanga. Emasontweni ambalwa ngemva kokuqala kwesilonda, i-syndrome efana nomkhuhlane izwakala. Amaqhubu noma ububomvu bungase buvele ezintendeni zezandla nasematheni ezinyawo. Ngezinye izikhathi izifo ezifana ne-meningitis, ukukhubazeka kwengxenye yobuso, zikhona. Kwezinye izimo, amehlo ayathinteka.

Eminyakeni emibili ngemva kokutheleleka, izimpawu ziyanyamalala. Lesi sigaba singahlala amashumi eminyaka ambalwa.

Kuyisifo esithambile uma selashwa kusenesikhathi, sibi kakhulu uma singanakwa noma singanakwa.

I-Syphilis, njenge-endemic treponematoses, ingelashwa ngomjovo owodwa we-antibiotic emndenini we-penicillin. 

I-WHO incoma incwadi kadokotela yomjovo owodwa we-benzathine benzylpenicillin (2,4 MU), nge-intramuscularly (IM), noma uma umuntu engezwani nalo antibiotic, i-doxycycline, yomndeni wama-cyclin. Uma lesi sidakamizwa singasetshenziswa, kukhona ezinye izindlela zokulwa namagciwane. 

Ukuphumelela kokwelashwa ngama-antibiotic kungahlolwa ngokuhlola igazi okuvamile.