eliqhaqhazelayo

Ukuqhaqhazela kuyinqubo yokuqhaqhazela okuzenzakalelayo komzimba noma izingxenye zawo ngazinye. Ilawulwa ama-nerve impulses kanye ne-contractility ye-muscle fibers. Ngokuvamile, ukuthuthumela kuwuphawu lwezinguquko ze-pathological ohlelweni lwezinzwa, kodwa futhi kungaba yi-episodic, okwenzeka ngemva kokuzivocavoca noma ukucindezeleka. Kungani ukuthuthumela kwenzeka, kungalawuleka futhi kufanele ngibone nini udokotela?

Izici ezijwayelekile zombuso

Ukuthuthumela kuwukufinyela kwemisipha okunesigqi okungahleliwe umuntu angakwazi ukukulawula. Ingxenye eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yomzimba ihileleke kule nqubo (imvamisa ivela ezithweni, kancane kancane ekhanda, izintambo zezwi, isiqu). Iziguli ezisesigabeni sabadala zisengozini enkulu yokufinyela kwemisipha. Lokhu kungenxa yobuthakathaka bomzimba kanye nezifo ezihambisana nazo. Ngokuvamile, ukuzamazama akufaki usongo olukhulu empilweni, kodwa kunciphisa kakhulu izinga lakho. Ukuthuthumela kungaba namandla kangangokuthi kwenza umuntu angakwazi ukuphakamisa izinto ezincane noma ukulala ngokuthula.

Izimbangela ezingenzeka zentuthuko

Ezimweni eziningi, ukuthuthumela kubangelwa ukuhlukumezeka noma izinqubo ze-pathological ezingqimbeni ezijulile zobuchopho ezibhekene nokunyakaza. Ukufinyela okungahleliwe kungaba uphawu lwe-multiple sclerosis, unhlangothi, izifo ze-neurodegenerative (isibonelo, isifo sikaParkinson). Futhi zingakhombisa ukwehluleka kwezinso / kwesibindi noma ukungasebenzi kahle kwendlala yegilo. Emsebenzini wezokwelapha, kuvame ukuthambekela kokuthuthumela ngenxa yezakhi zofuzo.

Ngezinye izikhathi ukuthuthumela akubonisi isifo, kodwa kuwukusabela kokuzivikela komzimba ekushukumiseni kwangaphandle. Phakathi kwabo - ubuthi be-mercury, ukudakwa kotshwala, ukucindezeleka okunamandla ngokomzwelo. Kulesi simo, ukuthuthumela kuhlala isikhathi esifushane futhi kuyanyamalala kanye nesisusa.

Ukuthuthumela akukaze kwenzeke ngaphandle kwesizathu. Uma ungeke ukwazi ukuchaza umsuka wokundindizela noma ukuqina kwawo kubukeka kusabisa, thintana nodokotela.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwezifinyezo zokuzithandela

Odokotela bahlukanisa ukuthuthumela ngezigaba ezingu-4 - okuyisisekelo, okwesibili, kwengqondo kanye nokuthuthumela kwezifo zesimiso sezinzwa esiphakathi. Ukuthuthumela okuyisisekelo kwenzeka njengokusabela kwemvelo kokuvikela umzimba emakhazeni, ekwesabeni, ekudakweni futhi akudingi ukwelashwa. Izigaba ezisele ziwukubonakaliswa kwezifo ezimbi kakhulu ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.

Ukuhlukaniswa ngokuya ngendlela okwenzeka ngayo

Ukuthuthumela kungathuthuka ezimweni ezimbili kuphela - ngesikhathi somsebenzi noma ukuphumula okuhlobene kwemisipha. Ukuzamazama kwesenzo (isenzo) kuqalwa phakathi nokufinyela ngokuzithandela kwemicu yemisipha. Esibonakalisweni sokuthi isimiso sezinzwa sithumela emisipha, kuxhunywe izisusa eziningana ezengeziwe, ezibangela ukuthuthumela. Ukundindizela kwesenzo kungaba postural, kinetic futhi ngenhloso. Ukuthuthumela kwe-Postural kwenzeka lapho ubambe ukuma, ukuzamazama kwe-kinetic kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokunyakaza, futhi ukuthuthumela ngamabomu kwenzeka lapho usondela emgomweni (isibonelo, lapho uzama ukuthatha okuthile, thinta ubuso / enye ingxenye yomzimba).

Ukuzamazama kokuphumula kwenzeka kuphela esimweni esikhululekile, kuyanyamalala noma kube buthuntu kancane ngesikhathi sokunyakaza. Ngokuvamile, lesi sibonakaliso sibonisa isifo sezinzwa esiqhubekayo. Njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, i-amplitude yokuguquguquka ikhula kancane kancane, ephazamisa kakhulu izinga lempilo futhi ilinganisele ukusebenza komuntu.

Izinhlobo zokuzamazama

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokuzamazama zihlanganisa:

1. Ukuzamazama komzimba. Okuvame ukwenziwa endaweni ezandleni futhi akuzwakali ngumuntu. Kungokwemvelo yesikhashana futhi kwenzeka ngokumelene nesizinda sokukhathazeka, ukusebenza ngokweqile, ukuchayeka emazingeni okushisa aphansi, ukudakwa kotshwala noma ubuthi bamakhemikhali. Futhi, ukuthuthumela komzimba kungase kube umphumela wokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezinamandla.
2. Ukuzamazama kweDystonic. Isimo sijwayelekile ezigulini ezine-dystonia. Ezimweni eziningi, kwenzeka ngokumelene nesizinda sokuma kwe-dystonic futhi kancane kancane sikhula njengoba lesi sifo sikhula.
3. ukuthuthumela kwe-neuropathic. Ukuthuthumela kwe-Postural-kinetic, okuvame ukubangelwa izakhi zofuzo.
4. Ukundindizela okubalulekile. Ezimweni eziningi, okwasendaweni ezandleni, kuhlangene kabili. Ukufinyela kwemisipha akukwazi ukumboza izingalo kuphela, kodwa futhi nomzimba, ikhanda, izindebe, imilenze, ngisho nezintambo zezwi. Ukundindizela okubalulekile kudluliselwa ngofuzo. Ngokuvamile kuhambisana nezinga elincane le-torticollis, ithoni yemisipha emaphethelweni, kanye ne-spasm ngesikhathi sokubhala.
5. Ukuthuthumela kwe-Iatrogenic noma izidakamizwa. Kuvela njengemiphumela emibi evela ekusebenziseni izidakamizwa noma izenzo ezingenamakhono zikadokotela.
6. Ukuzamazama kweParkinsonian. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "ukuphumula okuthuthumelayo", okuba buthakathaka ngesikhathi sokunyakaza noma yimuphi omunye umsebenzi. Uphawu luyisici sesifo sikaParkinson, kodwa singenzeka nakwezinye izifo nge-parkinsonism syndrome (isibonelo, nge-multisystem atrophy). Okuvame ukwenziwa endaweni ezandleni, kwesinye isikhathi imilenze, izindebe, isilevu kuhileleke kule nqubo, kancane kancane ikhanda.
7. Ukuzamazama kweCerebellar. Lokhu ukundindizela kwamabomu, okungavami ukuvela njengokuthuthumela. Umzimba uhileleka enqubweni yokuthuthumela, kancane kancane ikhanda.
8. Ukuthuthumela kukaHolmes (rubral). Inhlanganisela yokufinyela kwe-postural kanye ne-kinetic okungahleliwe okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuphumula.

Izici zokwelapha

Ukufinyela kwemisipha akudingi ukwelashwa ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngezinye izikhathi ukubonakaliswa kwabo akubalulekile kangangokuthi umuntu akazizwa ekhululekile futhi uyaqhubeka nokusebenza ngesigqi esivamile. Kwezinye izimo, ukufuna ukwelashwa okufanele kuncike ngokuqondile ekuxilongweni.

Kutholakala kanjani ukuzamazama?

Ukuxilongwa kusekelwe ocwaningweni lomlando wezokwelapha wesiguli, ukuhlolwa komzimba kanye nezinzwa. Esigabeni sokuhlolwa komzimba, udokotela wembula indlela yokuthuthukiswa, indawo kanye nokubonakaliswa kokuthuthumela (amplitude, imvamisa). Ukuhlolwa kwe-neurological kuyadingeka ukuze kuhlanganiswe isithombe esiphelele sesifo. Mhlawumbe ukuthuthumela okungenangqondo kuhlotshaniswa nokungakwazi ukukhuluma kahle, ukwanda kokuqina kwemisipha, noma okunye okungajwayelekile.

Ngemuva kokuhlolwa kokuqala, udokotela ukhipha ukudluliselwa komchamo ojwayelekile kanye nokuhlolwa kwegazi, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwamakhemikhali e-biochemical. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuqeda izici ze-metabolic zokuthuthukiswa kokuthuthumela (isibonelo, ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-thyroid). Ukuguqulwa okulandelayo kokuxilonga kuncike ezicini zomuntu ngamunye zesiguli. Isibonelo, uchwepheshe angase anikeze i-electromyogram (EMG). I-EMG iyindlela yokufunda umsebenzi wemisipha kanye nokuphendula kwemisipha ekukhuthazeni.

Uma kwenzeka ukulimala kwengqondo, banikeza ukudluliselwa kwe-CT noma i-MRI, futhi ngokuthuthumela okukhulu (umuntu akakwazi ukubamba ipeni / imfoloko) - ukuze kwenziwe ucwaningo olusebenzayo. Isiguli sinikezwa ukwenza uchungechunge lwezivivinyo, ngokusho ukuthi udokotela uhlola isimo semisipha yakhe kanye nokusabela kwesimiso sezinzwa emsebenzini othile. Ukuzivocavoca kulula kakhulu - thinta ikhala lakho ngomunwe wakho, goba noma uphakamise isitho, njalonjalo.

Ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha nokuhlinzwa

Ukuthuthumela okubalulekile kungelashwa ngama-beta-blockers. Umuthi awugcini nje ngokujwayelekile ukucindezelwa kwegazi, kodwa futhi uqeda ukucindezeleka emisipha. Uma umzimba wenqaba ukuphendula i-beta-blocker, udokotela angase anikeze imithi ekhethekile yokulwa nokuthunjwa. Kwezinye izinhlobo zokuthuthumela, lapho ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kungakasebenzi, futhi udinga ukuqeda ukuthuthumela ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, ama-tranquilizers anqunyelwe. Zinikeza imiphumela yesikhashana futhi zingabangela ukozela, ukuntuleka kokuxhumana kanye nenani lemiphumela emibi engadingeki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa njalo kwama-tranquilizers kungabangela ukuncika. Imijovo yobuthi be-botulinum noma i-high-intensity focused ultrasound nayo ingasetshenziselwa izinjongo zokwelapha.

Ungazilaphi. Landela ngokuqinile izincomo zikadokotela, ungashintshi imithamo ekhonjisiwe, ukuze ungabhebhethekisi isimo.

Uma ukwelashwa kungasebenzi, odokotela basebenzisa izindlela zokuhlinza - ukuvuselela ubuchopho obujulile noma ukukhishwa kwe-radiofrequency. Yini? Ukuvuselela ubuchopho obujulile kuyinqubo yokuhlinzwa lapho umshini oshaya ngamandla ufakwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba sesifuba. Ikhiqiza ama-electrode, iwathumele kuthalamus (isakhiwo sobuchopho esijulile esibhekene nokunyakaza), futhi ngaleyo ndlela iqede ukundindizela. I-Radiofrequency ablation ishisa i-thalamic nerve, enesibopho sokufinyela kwemisipha okuzenzakalelayo. I-nerve ilahlekelwa amandla okukhiqiza ama-impulses okungenani izinyanga ezingu-6.

Ukubikezelwa kwezokwelapha

Ukuthuthumela akusona isimo esisongela ukuphila, kodwa singathinta kakhulu izinga lempilo. Imisebenzi yansuku zonke, njengokugeza izitsha, ukudla, ukuthayipha, kubangela ubunzima noma akunakwenzeka ngokuphelele. Ukwengeza, ukuzamazama kukhawulela umsebenzi womphakathi nowomzimba. Umuntu uyenqaba ukuxhumana, umsebenzi ojwayelekile, ukuze agweme izimo ezingathandeki, amahloni nezinye izinto.

I-prognosis yezokwelapha incike kumsuka we-Rhythmic contractions, ukuhlukahluka kwabo kanye nezici zomuntu ngamunye. Isibonelo, ukubonakaliswa kokundindizela okubalulekile kungase kwande ngokukhula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunobufakazi bokuthi ukuqhaqhazela okungahleliwe kuhlotshaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe yokuthuthukisa ezinye izimo ze-neurodegenerative (njengesifo i-Alzheimer's). Ukuthuthumela komzimba nezidakamizwa kulapheka kalula, ngakho-ke ukubikezelwa kuyabavumela, kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukuqeda izici zofuzo. Into eyinhloko ukubonisana nodokotela ngesikhathi esifanele futhi uqale ukwelashwa.