Ingane ye-Transgender: indlela yokuxhasa njengabazali?

Isihloko esingavumelekile eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ukuqashelwa kwezingane ezishintsha ubulili kuya ngokuya kumenyezelwa. Lokhu akusho ukuthi lokhu kuphatheka kabi kwamukelwa kalula emiphakathini yethu futhi izinsolo noma isimemezelo sokudlula kwengane ngokuvamile kuwukuqhuma komndeni wonke. Kunzima ngempela ukuzibeka njengomuntu abazali, bekhathazekile ngekusasa nezinselele ingane ezobhekana nazo, ukuthola amagama alungile, isimo sengqondo esifanele noma ukumane wazi kahle ukuthi yini i-transidentity. Umbiko wango-2009 ovela kwa-Haute Autorité de santé ulinganise ukuthi cishe oyedwa kwabayi-10 noma oyedwa kwabangu-000 uyi-transgender eFrance.

Incazelo: trans, transgender, transexual, gender dysphoria, non- kanambambili… Yimaphi amagama afaneleka kakhulu?

Nakuba isifinyezo esithi “trans” sisetshenziswa kakhulu kwabezindaba, izinhlangano kanye nemiphakathi ethintekayo, kukhona okunganembile ngesiFulentshi mayelana namagama athi “transgender” kanye “transexual”. Impela, uma abanye bezibheka njengezifanayo, abanye bachaza igama elithi “transgender” ngokuthi ukwamukela indlela yokuphila (ukubukeka, izabizwana, njll.) yobunye ubulili ngaphandle kokushintsha ubulili, kuyilapho "i-transexual" izothinta kuphela abantu abaye benza inqubo yezokwelapha nokuhlinzwa ukuze bashintshe ubulili babo.

Qaphela, izinhlangano eziningi zigxeka iqiniso lokuthi "transexual" noma "transsexual" ibhekisela embonweni wokugula - okungenjalo nge-transidentity "engenakuphulukiswa", futhi ngakho-ke kunjalo. igama lezinsuku okungafanele lisasetshenziswa, elivuna i-transgender.

Kungcono kunoma yikuphi ukubuza ingane yakho ukuthi yimaphi amagama athanda ukuwasebenzisa, njengawo izabizwana zakhe (yena / iel /…).

Phakathi nenkambo evamile, ingane yakho izobona udokotela wengqondo ongase akwazi ukufakazela a ubulili besifo sobulili. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kukhona ngempela ukungakhululeki phakathi kobulili bakhe kanye nobulili bakhe, lowo owabelwe yena ezalwa ngokokwakheka kwakhe kwe-morphological.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, igama elithi okungezona kanambambili kuvela ekubeni ungazizwa ungowomunye wezinhlobo ezimbili ezimisiwe, noma ukuzwa kancane kukho kokubili, ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Amagama esiNgisi avame ukusetshenziswa imiphakathi ethintekayo ukuze izichaze ngokuthi “uketshezi lobulili”, “akunabulili”, “ubulili” noma “ubulili obuhlukile”.

Izingane ze-Transgender: zineminyaka emingaki ubudala lapho ziqaphela "umehluko" wazo?

Ngo-September 2013, e-Argentina, abazali bavunyelwa ukushintsha ubulili bengane yabo eneminyaka engu-6 kumazisi abo. Igama lakhe lokuqala, elithi Manuel, lathathelwa indawo uLuana. Umama wakhe wachaza ukuthi “uLulu” wayehlala ezizwa njengentombazane. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngaphambili, abazali bakaCoy Mathis, umMelika omncane olingana naye ngeminyaka, baba sematheni. Ngemva kokuba wafaka isikhalo sokucwaswa, babelinqobile icala labo esikoleni sakhe. Ingane beyinqatshelwe ukusebenzisa izindlu zangasese zamantombazane yize ibizithatha ngeyesifazane. Ngokusho kwezihlobo zakhe, uCoy wayezoqala ukuziphatha njengentombazane enezinyanga ezingu-18 nje kuphela. Odokotela bengqondo banakho watholakala ene-dysphoria yobulili lapho eneminyaka engu-4 ubudala.

Kusuka kuyiphi iminyaka lapho singacabanga noma simemezele ukuthi ingane ishintshe ubulili ngaphansi kwalezi zimo? Ngokusho kukaSolwazi Marcel Rufo, awukho umkhawulo weminyaka. « Ngilandele ngokwezokwelapha owesifazane oshintsha ubulili iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabili. Manje useshintshile futhi manje useshadile “. Udokotela wengqondo yezingane uyachaza ukuthi “ kusukela eminyakeni engu-4-5-6, singabona lokhu kungathandeki enganeni “. Umbiko weCouncil of Europe owanyatheliswa ngo-2013 ucacisa ukuthi umuzwa wokuba ngabobulili obuhlukile ungenzeka noma nini: phakathi nenkathi yobusha, phakathi “ iminyaka yokuqala yokuphila ", Noma ngisho nangaphambi konyaka, “Ngaphandle kokuthi ingane ikwazi ukuxhumana nabaseduze kwayo ".

« Ngokuphambene nalokho abaningi abakukholelwayo, umbono wobulili awunqunyelwe kusukela ekuzalweni, kusho uProfesa Rufo. Ngawo-1970, abacwaningi baseMelika benza izifundo ezindaweni zaseCalifornian. Base bebona ukuthi amantombazane amancane akwazi ukubona ubulili bawo ngaphambi kwabafana. Kusukela ezinyangeni eziyi-18, bathatha ukuziphatha kohlobo lwabesifazane : emdlalweni, indlela yokunakekela ingane yabo… bakopisha omama babo. Ngasohlangothini lwabo, abafana baqaphela ubulili babo ezinyangeni ezingu-20. Vele, lezi zindlela zokuziphatha zigcwele ukukhethwa kwegama lokuqala, ukuziphatha kwabazali, amakhodi omphakathi ... »

Ingane eshintsha ubulili: izinhlangano ezizosisekela ngemva kwesimemezelo noma "ukuphuma" kwengane yethu

« Ngezinye izikhathi abazali bayazibuza ukuthi bangakwazi yini ukuthenga ingane yomfana noma izimoto zokudlala intombazane. Lokhu kuwubuwula ngokuphelele! Lokho ayiwuthinti umbono wobulili ukuthi ingane ingaba nayo yodwa », Ugcizelela udokotela wengqondo yengane, okhumbula ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kungaphezu kwayo yonke imibuzo ye-biology nama-hormone asengozini.

Yiziphi-ke izimpawu ezingaqondisa abazali? Ngokusho kukachwepheshe, i-a isethi yamapharamitha futhi kungcono ukungabhekiseli esibonakalisweni esisodwa, esingase sidukise. Ikakhulukazi njengoba kungekho okulungisiwe ngempela ngaphambi kokuthi ingane ithi i-transgender: ” Ingane ebonakala ifuna ukuba ngowobulili obuhlukile ngeke ngempela ibe esemusha noma umuntu omdala oshintshe ubulili. "Uthena.

Ochwepheshe abashiwo embikweni woMkhandlu WaseYurophu bavumelana nalo mbono. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ochwepheshe abaningi ababambe iqhaza ekuthuthukisweni kocwaningo bayagcizelela isidingo sezingane abazali abafunda “ukusibekezelela” lokhu kungaqiniseki.

Qaphela: intombazane eshintshe ubulili intombazane okuthiwa iyindoda ekuzalweni kwayo kodwa ukuzicabangela kwayo ngokobulili okungokwentombazane - futhi ngokuphambene nalokho kubafana abashintsha ubulili. 

Njengoba lesi simo kungelula ukubhekana naso ngaphandle kokwaziswa nokuqeqeshwa njengabazali, kuyenzeka namuhla phendukela ezinhlanganweni eziningi, nakhona ukuze aqondise ithimba. Amagama ahlabayo, umsebenzi wengqondo nowokuphatha ...Inhlangano ye-OUTrans izipesheli, ngokwesibonelo, amaqembu okusekela axubile esifundeni saseParis, kanye neInhlangano ye-Chrysalis, ezinze e-Lyon, nayo eye yasungula i- umhlahlandlela wabathandekayo kwabantu abashintshayo abatholakala ku-inthanethi mahhala. Esinye isibonelo, iI-Growing Up Trans association, ku-Tours, uthumele i-“ikhithi yamathuluzi yomzali»Iphelele kakhulu futhi iyafundisa.

Intombazane encane noma umfana we-Transgender: ukubaluleka kokwamukela ukukhetha kwakho

Namanje akusaqondwa kahle kakhulu, izingane ezishintsha ubulili ziningi izisulu zokuhlukunyezwa ezikoleni kanye nokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi. Futhi bathambekele kakhulu emicabangweni yokuzibulala. Kungakho, ngokombiko weCouncil of Europe, kunjalo kubalulekile ukuthi ithimba, abazali, isikole, abahlengikazi, bakwamukele umbono le ntsha enawo ngayo. U-Erik Schneider, udokotela wezengqondo kanye nombhali we-psychotherapist walo mbiko, uphetha ukuhlaziya kwakhe ngokugcizelela ukuthi lokhu kwamukelwa kufanele kwenziwe ” kulo lonke izinga lomphakathi ".

Kodwa, njengoba uMarcel Rufo ebonisa, umphakathi wamanje awukuvumeli ngokuphelele: “ Ukube besiphila ezweni elikahle, elibekezelela kakhudlwana, abazali bebeyokwamukela kalula ukukhetha kwengane yabo, futhi ngenxa yokuthi babengeke besabe kancane ngokuphepha kwakhe. Kepha empeleni, eFrance, umuntu oshintshe ubulili akuvamile ukuthi ahlinzwe ngaphambi kokuba afinyelele eminyakeni yobudala. Iminyaka uzobhekana nokungabekezelelani okunamandla. Ngikholelwa ukuthi umuntu angahlonipha ukukhetha kwengane yakhe kuyilapho emcela ukuba ahloniphe ukungaqondakali okungabangelwa ukukhetha kwakhe. “, Ngethemba uchwepheshe.

Ukulandelwa kwengqondo: ungachaza kanjani ukuthi kunabafana abaningi kunamantombazane?

Izingane aziyikhulumi ngaso sonke isikhathi imizwa yazo, ngokuvamile azinakwa. Olunye ugibe: abazali ngokuvamile bayenqaba ukwamukela lesi simo futhi ngenxa yalokho bayanqikaza thintana nodokotela wengqondo ukuze ondle ingane yakhe kangcono esimweni sokugula. Nokho, njengoba uProfessor Rufo ebonisa, ukulandelelwa kwengqondo kubalulekile, “ hhayi ukushintsha izingane kodwa ukuzisiza ziqhubeke nendlela yazo ".

Uphinde aphawule ukuthi kunegebe leminyaka embalwa phakathi kwabazali bamantombazane nabafana ababonisana ukuze baphile isikhathi eside: “ Ngibona abafana abaningi ngokubonisana. Ukukholelwa ukuthi awubona ubulili obulungile kungenzeka ukuthi kube khona ngokulinganayo emantombazaneni, kodwa i-'tomboy' 'ayikhathazi' kubazali kunokuba 'umfana ongusisi' noma ofuna ukuba intombazane. . Kubazali, lesi simo sibi kakhulu. Lokhu kuchazwa ngokuthi ubandlululo ngobulili lusekhona kakhulu emphakathini wethu. Amantombazane amancane engikhulume nawo ayemade ngokwesilinganiso futhi ayeneminyaka engu-7-8 ngesikhathi sokubonisana kokuqala ".

Yikuphi ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngesikhathi sokushintsha kocansi?

Uma isibalo sabo sisaphansi ngenxa yokungaqondi kwabazali noma mhlawumbe ukuthula ababiyelwe kukho, ziyanda izingane ezibonisana izikhungo zezokwelapha ezisebenza ngosizo lwezinguquko. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe uguquko, ziningi izinyathelo ezidinga ukunqotshwa abantu abashintsha ubulili, ikakhulukazi uma bethi bangabantu abashintshashintshayo lapho beseyizingane kuphela. Ukulandelela okungokwengqondo kuzothatha iminyaka eminingana, ngeshwa kufaka phakathi ezimweni eziningi ukucatshangelwa kwalokho okuhambisana nalokhu kuphatheka kabi: ukuphazamiseka kwemikhuba yokudla, ukuhlupheka kwangaphandle okuxhunywe isibonelo ubuxhwanguxhwangu, ukudangala, ubunzima bokuhlanganiswa komphakathi, ukuyeka isikole...

Eminye imithetho igunyaza ukusetshenziswa “kwezivimbela zokuthomba”, inqubo okuphikiswana ngayo ngoba ayivimbi nje kuphela ukubukeka kwezici zobulili zesibili njengokuthuthukiswa kokukhula kwezinwele nokuguqulwa komzimba, kodwa futhi ukukhula nokubala kwamathambo. , ukuzala… Kwamanye amazwe, njenge-United Kingdom, Germany, Belgium kanye neNetherlands, lezi zindlela zokwelapha ziyabuyiseleka emuva futhi umise ukukhula kokuthomba ezinganeni, uzinike isikhathi sokukhetha. AmaDashi, awokuqala aqale lolu hlobo lokuhlola, atusa laba bavimbi kusukela eminyakeni engu-10 noma engu-12, kuze kufike eminyakeni engu-16.

E-France, ukwelashwa okuvame kakhulu incwadi kadokotelaamahomoni (i-testosterone noma i-estrogen), okungeke kubize lutho kumuntu oshintshayo uma uthando lwesikhathi eside luqashelwa. Nokho, akukho ukwelashwa ngama-hormone okunikezwayo eFrance ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-16, bese kudingeka ukugunyazwa kwabamele igunya labazali. Ucwaningo lwakamuva lubonisa ukuthi abantu abadala bayazisola ngokushintsha ubulili babo, ngisho noma izibalo zibonisa umphumela omncane, ngokulandelana kuka-5%. Kungalesi sizathu ukuthi lolu hlelo luhlala lugadiwe futhi lunemingcele ezinganeni.

Amalungelo: ngingayisiza kanjani ingane yami ngokomthetho njengomzali?

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukukhumbula lokho noma yikuphi ukuhlambalaza - ukucwasa ngobulili, ukuzonda abantu abathandana nabobulili obufanayo noma ukugxeka, kuyicala elijeziswa ngezijeziso zobugebengu. Inhlamba eshiwo ngenkulumo, ukumemeza, izinsongo, ukubhala noma isithombe kujeziswa ngenhlawulo yama-euro ayi-12. Uma umlingisi we-transphobic egcinwa, inhlawulo ikhuphuka ibe yinhlawulo engu-000 euros kanye nonyaka owodwa wokuboshwa. Ngakho ungangabazi ukufaka isikhalo uma ingane yethu ihlushwa, ngisho noma kuyinhlamba “kuphela” okwamanje.

Kungenzeka ukucela a ukushintsha igama lokuqala libe yisikhulu sesimo somphakathi futhi engabe esaba ijaji, ngaphandle kokuthethelela ushintsho lobulili noma ukwethula isitifiketi sokuhlolwa kwengqondo. Igama elishiwo ngesikhathi sokuzalwa futhi elivusa obunye ubulili, olwaziwa ngokuthi "igama elifile", akusadingeki lisetshenziswe abaphathi, isikole kanye nendawo yomuntu siqu.

Ukuze shintsha ubulili emaphepheni omazisi, kuyadingeka ukufakaza phambi kwenkantolo yamajaji wendawo noma kumasipala lapho kugcinwa khona isitifiketi sokuzalwa ukuthi lowo muntu uziveza esidlangalaleni njengowobulili obuhlukile; ukuthi umuntu waziwa njengowobulili obuhlukile yiqembu lakhe lomuntu siqu kanye nomsebenzi wakhe noma wesikole; noma ukuthi umuntu uthole ukuguqulwa kwegama futhi ufisa ukuthi amaphepha abo omazisi afane.