Okuqukethwe
Yini amafutha e-TRANS?
Ngeshwa, ezingqondweni zomuntu ojwayelekile, umqondo "wamafutha we-TRANS" uhlukile kancane kwezinye izindaba ezithandwayo ezethusayo.
Manje sizokhuluma ngokuthi kungani babizwa kanjalo, ukuthi bakuphi, nokuthi kungani bababi. Ake siqale ngesihloko. Igama elithi "TRANS" kulokhu lisuka kumakhemikhali. I-molecule ephilayo enesibopho esiphindwe kabili ingafakwa esikhaleni:
Ngokunjalo, ingxenye ye-fat - fatty acid ngasikhathi sinye nefomula efanayo ingama kule "ndawo" (i-CIS-isomer):
(I-TRANS-isomer):
Ngokwemvelo, kuyindlela ejwayelekile kakhulu ye-CIS, kepha i-TRANS - nayo yenzeka ngamanani amancane (imvamisa ifinyelela ku-5% wenani lamafutha emafutheni obisi nenyama yezilwane ezi-ruminants).
Iphesenti elikhulu kakhulu lama-isomers e-TRANS atholakala emafutheni okwenziwa, atholwe ngamakhemikhali nge-hydrogenation yamafutha emifino. Sinomkhiqizo ofanayo obizwa ngokuthi iMargarine, isakaza, amafutha e-confectionery, ngisho "namafutha enhloso ekhethekile". Emikhiqizweni enjalo, ingxenye ye-TRANS-fatty acids ingase ifinyelele ku-50%.
Futhi zimbi kakhulu kunamanye amafutha, ubuza?
Njengoba kuvele eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, amafutha e-TRANS anomthelela omubi kakhulu kwi-cholesterol egazini, futhi yehlisa amazinga “e-cholesterol enhle” - i-HDL futhi anyuse amazinga e-“bad” LDL. Futhi lokho, ngokusho kodokotela, kwandisa ngqo amathuba okuba nesifo senhliziyo, kubandakanya nokufa okuvela ekuhlaselweni yinhliziyo nokushaywa unhlangothi.
Kuyadingeka ukukuqonda lokho
- ukuqedwa ngokuphelele kwamafutha e-TRANS ekudleni akunakwenzeka: ngisho nasobisini lwebele kunamaphesenti ambalwa wamafutha esiwabiza ngamafutha e-TRANS. Umkhiqizo wemvelo "organic" uqukethe kuze kufike ku-5% wamafutha we-TRANS.
- ngaphezu komthelela ku-cholesterol, abukho ubungozi obuqinisekisiwe obuvela kumafutha we-TRANS, yize ucwaningo luqhubeka. Ubunzima futhi ukuthi kunenqwaba yama-TRANS fatty acids ahlukahlukene ekudleni, futhi mhlawumbe ngayinye ingaba nomthelela okhethekile emzimbeni.
Ngakho-ke, uma ungenazo izinkinga nge-cholesterol, khona-ke inkinga yamafutha e-TRANS ayiphuthumi kuwe. Kepha uma usengozini yesifo senhliziyo, kufanele wazi:
- Gwema imajarini, ukusakazeka okwenziwe, ukudla okusheshayo, okuthosiwe okujulile.
- Emikhiqizweni ye-confectionery, hlala unaka izithako: amakhukhi, ama-muffins, nokunye okuxutshwe njalo akukona okwe-carbohydrate, kodwa umkhiqizo wamafutha we-carbohydrate namafutha e-TRANS ngezinye izikhathi acasha ngamagama ahlukene. Noma yimaphi amafutha emvelaphi engaziwa, cishe, amafutha emifino enziwe nge-hydrogenated anephesenti elikhulu lamafutha e-TRANS.
Ezingeni lomhlaba wonke, i-WHO ikhathazekile ukuthi noma isilinganiso samanje se-1% nokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kungaphansi kwalesi simo, amanye amaqenjana abantu angathola ekudleni okuningi kakhulu. Ochwepheshe be-WHO bayavuma ukuthi alikho ithuba noma isidingo sokunciphisa amafutha e-TRANS atholakala emithonjeni yemvelo kusukela manje abukho ubufakazi bokulimala ngamanani amancane wamafutha we-TRANS.
Kodwa-ke, kukhiqizwe okwenziwe ngama-TRANS-fat asetshenziswa imboni yezokudla nezikhungo zokupheka, ochwepheshe bancoma ukuthi kuqedwe kancane kancane futhi banxusa ohulumeni ukuthi bathathe izinyathelo zokuphoqa amabhizinisi ukuthi afune ukushintshwa kwamafutha akhona anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-TRANS-isomers. Futhi amazwe amaningi ashintshe umthetho ukukhawulela inkambiso yokuqukethwe okuvumelekile kwamafutha e-TRANS ekudleni okulungiselelwe.
Nokho azikho izinkambiso nezindinganiso eziyimpoqo zokuqukethwe kwamafutha e-TRANS emikhiqizweni eminingi (kweminye iMikhiqizo ethize ilawulwa Amazinga alawulayo), kodwa nje ukuthobela le migomo engenhla yokuphakelwa kusivikela ngokuzenzakalelayo ekusetshenzisweni ngokweqile.
Amafutha e-TRANS akusona isizathu sokwesaba ukhilimu omuncu wemvelo, ushizi, ibhotela, nobisi: kuncane ngokwanele kwamafutha we-TRANS anomthelela omkhulu empilweni. Amafutha emifino (okusho ukuthi ukuhluka ketshezi) anomthelela ongcono kakhulu ku-cholesterol, ngakho-ke ukuwandisa ngokunciphisa amafutha ezilwane kuyincomo yokudla okuyinhloko engcupheni yesifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.
Isibonelo sokuqukethwe kwamafutha e-TRANS emikhiqizweni ehlukahlukene:
| Imikhiqizo | Okuqukethwe,% |
|---|---|
| Amafutha obisi | 2,3 - 8,6 |
| Amafutha enkomo | 2,0 - 6,0 |
| Amafutha angcolile | |
| Amafutha emifino acwengekile | <1 |
| Ama-Margarine wethebula | 0,1 - 17 |
| AmaMargarini wokubhaka | 20 - 40 |
| Ukupheka amafutha, ukunciphisa | 18 - 46 |
(umthombo)
Imibono eyiphutha eyisisekelo, isakazwa kakhulu kuNethiwekhi:
- Amanga: Amafutha e-TRANS ayimayonnaise
Iqiniso: Amafutha e-TRANS angaba khona kwimayonnaise ngoba imayonnaise yenziwa ngamafutha ajwayelekile emifino
- Amanga: "Amafutha we-TRANS anobuthi"
Iqiniso: Amafutha akwa-TRANS awanabo ubuthi, kungukudla okufanayo nanoma yimaphi amanye amafutha
- Amanga: "Amafutha we-TRANS abangela umdlavuza"
Iqiniso: akukho ukuxhumana phakathi kwamafutha we-TRANS nomdlavuza
- Amanga: "ekudleni okuthosiwe kunamafutha we-TRANS":
Iqiniso: Amafutha we-TRANS akukudla okuthosiwe kuphela, okwathosiwe kumanoni e-TRANS.
- Amanga: "amafutha emvelo we-TRANS aphephile, ngokungafani nokufakelwa"
Iqiniso: awukho umehluko phakathi kwethonya lamafutha we-TRANS-yemvelo nawokwenziwa, ngobuningi nje, nasemithonjeni yokufakelwa, impela, kunamafutha amaningi we-TRANS
Imithombo edumile yamafutha we-TRANS ivame ukudideka:
- ngokudla oku-transgenic, ngokusobala ngenxa yesiqalo esithi "TRANS". Amafutha e-TRANS awanahlobobudlelwano nezinto eziphilayo eziguqulwe, okungenani, ngenxa yokungabikho kofuzo - ngaphezu kwalokho, ayakhiqizwa, kufaka phakathi izinto zemvelo.
- ngebhotela ethosiwe nokudla okuthosiwe. Isizathu salokhu sicacile: omunye wemithombo esemqoka yakho kokubili - ukudla okuthosiwe okuvela ekudleni okusheshayo. Kodwa-ke, kufanele sikuqonde ukuthi akuzona izinto ezihlobene: uwoyela oshisiwe ungoyela oshisiwe, empeleni, uqukethe ubuthi obuningi kanye nama-carcinogen kanti amafutha we-TRANS ngamafutha e-TRANS, okuvame ukuthi, kepha hhayi ngaso sonke isikhathi, afakwe ekwakhiweni kwamafutha othosiwe. Kepha ngokwabo, ama-TRANS-fat awabangeli kakhulu i-carcinogenic kunamafutha ajwayelekile emifino, noma yikuphi ukudla okuthosiwe kuqukethe ama-carcinogen amaningi, uwoyela ekuqaleni awunjalo.
- Imifino esikhundleni samafutha obisi. Eqinisweni, emikhiqizweni yobisi esekelwe kumafutha esundu ngokuphambene nalokho, kunamafutha amancane e-TRANS kunasemikhiqizweni yobisi yemvelo. Obisini kukhona amafutha emvelo e-TRANS kodwa emafutheni esundu nasemafutheni kakhukhunathi, awekho. Kepha ababhali abaningi babonakala beqinisekile ukuthi i-“TRANS -” “konke kubi, okokwenziwa” lokho futhi ayizami ukuqonda kancane isihloko ababhala ngaso. Kodwa-ke, kunezindawo zokwenziwa zokwenziwa, ngokuvamile, impushana equkethe amafutha e-TRANS, funda ukwakheka komkhiqizo othile.
- Noma iziphi ezinye izindaba ezesabekayo: izivikela, izibulala-zinambuzane, kanye nezinto ezinemisebe. Lo mbhedo ongenangqondo awunangqondo ngisho nokuphawula, kepha ukuqedela isithombe esingezwe ohlwini.
Ukuthola okuningi ngamafutha e-TRANS bukela ividiyo engezansi:
Unsaturated vs Saturated vs Trans Fats, Ukugqwayiza
