Okuqukethwe
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinsimbi ekuphileni kwansuku zonke kwaqala ekuqaleni kokuthuthuka komuntu, futhi ithusi kwakuyinsimbi yokuqala, ngoba itholakala emvelweni futhi ingacutshungulwa kalula. Akumangalisi ukuthi abavubukuli lapho bemba bathola imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene kanye nezitsha zasendlini ezenziwe ngale nsimbi. Enqubweni yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, abantu bafunda kancane kancane ukuhlanganisa izinsimbi ezihlukahlukene, ukuthola ama-alloys ahlala isikhathi eside afanele ukwakhiwa kwamathuluzi, futhi kamuva nezikhali. Esikhathini sethu, ukuhlolwa kuyaqhubeka, ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka ukuhlonza izinsimbi ezihlala isikhathi eside kakhulu emhlabeni.
10 titanium
I-Titanium ivula isilinganiso sethu - insimbi eqinile enamandla kakhulu eyaheha ukunaka ngokushesha. Izici ze-titanium zifaka:
- amandla athile aphezulu;
- ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu;
- ukuminyana okuphansi;
- ukumelana nokugqwala;
- ukumelana kwemishini namakhemikhali.
I-Titanium isetshenziswa embonini yezempi, imithi yezindiza, ukwakhiwa kwemikhumbi, nezinye izindawo zokukhiqiza.
9. Uranus
Isici esidume kakhulu, esibhekwa njengenye yezinsimbi eziqine kakhulu emhlabeni, futhi ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile insimbi esakazwayo ebuthakathaka. Emvelweni, itholakala kokubili esimweni esikhululekile nasemadwaleni ane-acidic sedimentary. Inzima impela, isabalalise kabanzi emhlabeni wonke futhi inezindawo ze-paramagnetic, i-flexibility, i-malleability, kanye ne-plasticity ehlobene. I-uranium isetshenziswa ezindaweni eziningi zokukhiqiza.
8. I-Wolfram
Yaziwa njengensimbi ephikisayo kunazo zonke ezikhona, futhi ingeyensimbi enamandla kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Kuyinto eqinile yenguquko yombala ocwebezelayo oyisiliva-mpunga. Inokuqina okuphezulu, ukungaguquki okuhle kakhulu, ukumelana namathonya amakhemikhali. Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo, ingakhiwa futhi idonswe emculweni omncane. Eyaziwa ngokuthi i-tungsten filament.
7. IRhenium
Phakathi kwabamele leli qembu, kubhekwa njengensimbi yenguquko ye-high density, i-silvery-white ngombala. Kwenzeka emvelweni ngendlela ehlanzekile, kodwa itholakala ku-molybdenum kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa zethusi. Ifaka ubulukhuni obuphezulu nokuminyana, futhi inokwenqaba okuhle kakhulu. Ikhulise amandla, angalahleki ngokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa okuphindaphindiwe. I-Rhenium ingeyezinsimbi ezibizayo futhi inezindleko eziphezulu. Isetshenziswa kwezobuchwepheshe besimanje kanye electronics.
6. Osmium
Insimbi emhlophe ecwebezelayo enombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kancane, ingeyeqembu leplatinamu futhi ithathwa njengenye yezinsimbi ezihlala isikhathi eside emhlabeni. Ngokufanayo ne-iridium, inobuningi be-athomu, amandla aphezulu kanye nobulukhuni. Njengoba i-osmium ingeyensimbi ye-platinum, inezakhiwo ezifana ne-iridium: i-refractoriness, ubulukhuni, i-brittleness, ukumelana nokucindezeleka kwemishini, kanye nomthelela wezindawo ezinolaka. Ithole ukusetshenziswa okubanzi ekuhlinzeni, i-electron microscopy, imboni yamakhemikhali, ubuchwepheshe be-rocket, imishini kagesi.
5. I-Beryllium
Iyingxenye yeqembu lezinsimbi, futhi iyisici esimpunga esilula esinokuqina okuhlobene nobuthi obuphezulu. Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo eziyingqayizivele, i-beryllium isetshenziswa ezimbonini eziningi:
- amandla enuzi;
- ubunjiniyela be-aerospace;
- i-metallurgy;
- ubuchwepheshe be-laser;
- amandla enuzi.
Ngenxa yokuqina kwayo okuphezulu, i-beryllium isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ama-alloy alloy kanye nezinto eziphikisayo.
4. Chrome
I-Chromium ilandela ezinsimbi eziyishumi eziphezulu ezihlala isikhathi eside emhlabeni - insimbi eqinile, enamandla amakhulu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokumhlophe emelana nama-alkali nama-asidi. Kwenzeka emvelweni ngendlela ehlanzekile futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi emagatsheni ahlukahlukene esayensi, ezobuchwepheshe kanye nokukhiqiza. I-Chromium Isetshenziselwa ukwakha ama-alloys ahlukahlukene asetshenziswa ekwenzeni okokusebenza kwezokwelapha namakhemikhali. Ngokuhambisana nensimbi, yakha ingxubevange ye-ferrochromium, esetshenziswa ekwenzeni amathuluzi okusika insimbi.
3. I-Tantalum
I-Tantalum ifanelwe ithusi kuzinga, njengoba ingenye yezinsimbi ezihlala isikhathi eside emhlabeni. Iyinsimbi esiliva enobulukhuni obuphezulu kanye nokuminyana kwe-athomu. Ngenxa yokwakheka kwefilimu ye-oxide ebusweni bayo, inombala oholayo.
Izici ezihlukile ze-tantalum zingamandla aphezulu, i-refractoriness, ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nemidiya enolaka. Insimbi iyinsimbi eyi-ductile futhi ingenziwa kalula ngomshini. Namuhla i-tantalum isetshenziswa ngempumelelo:
- embonini yamakhemikhali;
- ekwakhiweni kweziphehlimandla zenuzi;
- ekukhiqizeni i-metallurgical;
- lapho udala ama-alloys amelana nokushisa.
2. Ruthenium
Umugqa wesibili wezinga lezinsimbi ezihlala isikhathi eside kakhulu emhlabeni uthathwa yi-ruthenium - insimbi eyisiliva yeqembu leplatinamu. Isici sawo ubukhona ekubunjweni kwezicubu zemisipha zezinto eziphilayo. Izakhiwo ezibalulekile ze-ruthenium zingamandla aphezulu, ubulukhuni, ukungaguquki, ukumelana namakhemikhali, kanye nekhono lokwenza izinhlanganisela eziyinkimbinkimbi. I-Ruthenium ibhekwa njenge-catalyst yokusabela kwamakhemikhali amaningi, isebenza njengempahla yokwakha ama-electrode, othintana nabo, namathiphu abukhali.
1. I-Iridium
Isilinganiso sezinsimbi ezihlala isikhathi eside kakhulu emhlabeni siholwa yi-iridium - insimbi esiliva-emhlophe, eqinile futhi ephikisayo eyingxenye yeqembu leplatinamu. Ngokwemvelo, i-elementi yamandla aphezulu ayivelakancane kakhulu, futhi ivame ukuhlanganiswa ne-osmium. Ngenxa yobulukhuni bayo bemvelo, kunzima ukuwenza ngomshini futhi amelana kakhulu namakhemikhali. I-Iridium iphendula ngobunzima obukhulu emiphumeleni yama-halogens ne-sodium peroxide.
Le nsimbi idlala indima ebalulekile ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Yengezwa ku-titanium, i-chromium ne-tungsten ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nezindawo ezine-acidic, ezisetshenziswa ekwenzeni izinto zokubhala, ezisetshenziselwa ubucwebe ukwenza ubucwebe. Izindleko ze-iridium zihlala ziphezulu ngenxa yobukhona bayo obulinganiselwe emvelweni.