NN Ge
“U-Ge wahlangana no-NL Tolstoy ngo-1882. Lokhu kujwayelana, okwaphenduka ubungane obuseduze, kwashiya uphawu olujulile emsebenzini weminyaka yokugcina yokuphila komdwebi. Ithonya likaTolstoy ku-Ge aligcini nje ekuchazeni izindinganiso zokuziphatha zemibhalo yeBhayibheli kanye nokushunyayelwa kokuzithuthukisa kokuziphatha. Kuphinde kwembulwe ku-psychology ejulile yezithombe zalesi sikhathi. Ebhalwe ngamandla amakhulu obuciko, enza samuntu ukholo lomdwebi kumuntu futhi abonise amandla akhe okudala.
Ngo-1884, kukhona "isithombe somlobi uTolstoy" (i-Tretyakov Gallery), esabhalwa endlini yakhe e-Khamovniki, lapho uTolstoy esebenza encwadini ethi "Luyini ukholo lwami?" Le nqubo yokudala yaphinde yakhiqizwa nguGe esithombeni, wadala umdwebo wesithombe, njengabadwebi abaningi baseRussia bangaleyo minyaka.
U-Nikolai Nikolaevich Ge (1831 - 1894) wayengomunye wabadwebi bokuqala baseRussia. Ukhokho wakhe (Gay) wasuka eFrance ekupheleni kwekhulu le-1863. Ngemuva kwempumelelo enkulu - ikakhulukazi umdwebo othi "Isidlo Sakusihlwa Sokugcina" (1875) - uGe wabhekana nenkinga ejulile yokudala ngo-XNUMX. Walahla ubuciko waqhubeka nokubhekana nezindaba zenkolo nokuziphatha. Wathenga ipulazi elincane e-our country, eduze kwaseChernigov, futhi wazama ukuphila ngomsebenzi wasemaphandleni: ngemva kwakho konke, ubuciko, njengoba esho manje, abukwazi ukukhonza njengendlela yokuphila, abukwazi ukudayiswa.
Ubungane phakathi kukaGe noTolstoy baqala ngo-1882. Ngalowo nyaka, uGe wafunda ngephutha isihloko sikaTolstoy emaphephandabeni esasikhuluma “ngokubalwa kwabantu” eMoscow. Ngemva kokuvakashela lezi zindlu ezingaphansi komhlaba futhi ebona amashwa kuzo, uTolstoy wabhala: “Ukungathandi kwethu abaphansi kuyimbangela yesimo sabo esingesihle.” Le nkulumo yamfaka ugesi uGe, waya eMoscow, wahlala khona isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga futhi wavakashela eTolstoy nsuku zonke. Waqala ukuveza uTolstoy nomndeni wakhe. Kamuva, wamvakashela izikhathi eziningana eYasnaya Polyana; basondelana, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ngenxa yokuthi ngemva kokubhala u-Anna Karenina, u-Tolstoy ngokwakhe wabhekana nenkinga ejulile yokuphila kanye nenqubo eqinile yokuzalwa kabusha. Babhalelana, bashintshana ngezinhlelo. Ge wabonisana noTolstoy ngomsebenzi wakhe futhi walandela iseluleko sakhe sokuveza ubuKristu obulula emidwebeni yakhe, ngokuvamile eqondwa futhi edingwa abantu.
UGe waba nguTolstoyan wakuqala kakhulu. Wazama ukulandela zonke izimfundiso zikaTolstoy ohlelweni lokuphila kwakhe siqu. Waqala ukusebenza ngokomzimba, ebekela omakhelwane bakhe izitofu. “Njengoba ngisebenze ngale ndlela usuku lonke, iNN ibingakadli nokudla. Ngalesi sikhathi, waba yimifino (ngaphambi kokuba adle inyama yenkomo kuphela) futhi wayefisa kakhulu ukudla lokho ayengakuthandi: isibonelo, wayethanda iphalishi le-buckwheat, ngakho-ke wayedla amabele, konke lokhu ngamafutha yemifino, noma ngaphandle kwamafutha. kube bonke. Nokho, kamuva, kancane kancane, zonke lezi haba zaphela. UTolstoy wabhala encwadini yakhe yezenzakalo ukuthi uGe (“umkhulu”) wathi: umuntu akufanele “aphoqe abanye ukuba bazikhonze yena ngokwakhe ezintweni ezilula.” Wahlonipha uTolstoy ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi imibono eminingi nemibono eyayithandekayo kuye yasungulwa nguTolstoy ngaphambili futhi ngokucacile kunaye. Ngo-1886, walahla impahla yakhe, wayikopisha kumkakhe u-Anna Petrovna nezingane. Yiqiniso, “impilo eyenziwe lula” uGe ayeyiphila phakathi neminyaka engu-12 yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe yahlala ingejwayelekile kuZhenya. “Inkosikazi yami ayifuni ukuphila kalula,” uGe wabhalela uTolstoy ngo-June 30, 1890. Ukuxhumana phakathi kukaGe noTolstoy kwaqala ngemva nje kuka-1882 futhi kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba sekufeni kukaGe.
Maphakathi no-June 1892, uGe wakwamukela ngemfudumalo ukushicilelwa kwesihloko sikaTolstoy esithi Isinyathelo Sokuqala. Utuse lokhu kuncenga abantu abadla imifino ezincwadini azibhalela umbhali, futhi njengoba efundela abanye umbhalo, wazama ukuwusabalalisa. Ngaphandle kwalokho, wazisa uTolstoy kabanzi mayelana nesimo sengadi yakhe: “Izingadi zinhle. <...> ummbila usumkhulu, amazambane, ubhontshisi, konke kuhamba kahle.
UGe wasondelana noTolstoy kangangokuthi uTolstoy wayengasho ngokuncokola: “Uma ngingekho ekamelweni, khona-ke uNN angakuphendula; Uzosho okufanayo nami.
Lapho i-All-Russian Congress of Vegetarians ibanjelwe eMoscow ngo-1913, uGe wayeseneminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-20 efile. Kodwa "umbukiso wemifino", ovuliwe kusukela ngo-16 kuya ku-21 Ephreli, nawo wawuhlotshiswe ngemidwebo yakhe. Ubungane noTolstoy ngokushesha badlulela endodaneni yomculi, uNikolai Nikolaevich Ge (1857-1949). Ukuxhumana kukaTolstoy naye kwakubanzi kakhulu kunoyise. Ku-albhamu yegumbi lokudlela elithi "Toothless Nutrition" edolobheni laseTashkent, umuntu angafunda okulandelayo okufakwe nguNikolai Nikolayevich: Indlela yokuphila yemifino "kuphela isinyathelo sokuqala esabhalwa nguLev Nikolayevich cishe eminyakeni engu-25 edlule. Futhi kuze kube manje ungowokuqala. Lokhu kunyathela esinyathelweni sokuqala kuholela ekutheni baningi asebephumile kuyona ngemuva kokuke bawuqwale ngesasasa. <...> Ukuze isinyathelo sokuqala sibe yisinyathelo futhi sibe ngesokuqala, kuyadingeka ukuthi ezinye izinyathelo zisilandele. I-Vegetarianism ngokwayo ingukuhlanzeka kuphela futhi iholela ekuzenziseni nasekuzijabuliseni, uma kungesona isiqalo sempilo yomuntu enengqondo: "ukungadli izindlu zabafelokazi nezintandane", ukuze kube yisinyathelo sokuqala impilo yomuntu. (Juni 8, 1910). Nicholas G.