Ithi berry

Wake wawabona ama-yew endle? Impela, i-yew-boxwood grove e-Sochi izofika engqondweni yakho. Lapho, ngempela, i-berry yew ikhula, futhi ezindala kakhulu - ezinye izihlahla, ngokusho kososayensi, okungenani zineminyaka emi-2 ubudala. Uyazikhumbula ezinye izindawo? Nakancane. Futhi konke ngoba Ezweni Lethu ziyivelakancane kakhulu. Zikhona kuphela eCaucasian Reserve (000), eNyakatho Ossetian Reserve (1), eCrimea (2) naseKaliningrad Region (3).

Kodwa ngesinye isikhathi yew ye (I-Taxus baccata) yakhula kulo lonke elaseYurophu futhi yathatha izindawo ezinkulu. Kodwa abantu bawuqeda - babeluthanda ngempela ukhuni lwensalela. Empeleni ayiboli, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, inezinto ezibulala amagciwane - izinto eziguquguqukayo ezikhishwa lesi sitshalo zibulala amagciwane amaningi emoyeni. Bathi uma kunefenisha yew endlini, akekho ozoke agule khona. Akumangalisi ukuthi cishe awekho amayew endle.

Kodwa ingatshalwa engadini! Yebo, i-yew inezici zayo, kodwa ngokuvamile ayinakuzithoba.

Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Strawberry yew

Emvelweni, amajikijolo e-yew ngokuvamile afinyelela ubude obuyi-10 - 20 m, kodwa endaweni efanayo ye-yew-boxwood kunezibonelo ezingama-30 m ukuphakama. Kodwa ezingadini, ngokuvamile ayidluli ku-3 m.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-yew ezihlukile ngokuma komqhele kanye nombala wezinaliti.

Goldener Zwerg (Goldener Zwerg). Izinhlobonhlobo ezincane zomumo wekholomu, eminyakeni eyi-10 ayidluli ku-1 m. Ukukhula konyaka kungu-3-4 cm. Izinaliti ziluhlaza okumnyama, amahlumela amasha anombala osagolide, okunikeza isitshalo ukubukeka okungajwayelekile. Kubhekwa njengokumelana nesithwathwa ngokuphelele.

UDavida (uDavida). Le yew inomumo wekholomu nombala ongajwayelekile wezinaliti - iluhlaza ngomngcele ophuzi onqenqemeni. Ikhula kancane, 3-4 cm ngonyaka. Ukuphakama kwesitshalo esidala akukho ngaphezu kwama-2 m, ububanzi bomqhele buyi-70 cm. ukukhanya, kuba luhlaza ngokukhanyayo. Izinhlobonhlobo ezimelana ne-Frost, kodwa eminyakeni yokuqala zidinga indawo yokuhlala ebusika.

Ama-Repandens (ama-Repandens). Izinhlobonhlobo ezincanyana ezinomumo oyisicaba, oyindilinga wesihlahla. Ukuphakama okuphezulu kungu-80 cm, kanti ububanzi bungaba ngu-3 - 4 m. Ukukhula konyaka kungu-8 cm. Izinaliti ziluhlaza ngokumnyama. Ukumelana nesithwathwa, ngokusho kwemithombo ethile, kufika ku-30 ​​° C, eminyakeni yokuqala kudinga indawo yokukhosela ebusika. Ibekezelela isomiso kahle.

I-Summergold (i-Summergold). Ifomu elincanyana elinomqhele ovulekile. Ukuphakama okuphezulu kwesihlahla kungu-1 m, ububanzi buyi-2-3 m. Ukukhula konyaka kungu-15 cm. Izinaliti ziluhlaza ngokukhanyayo, kodwa amahlumela amasha apendwe aphuzi ngokugqamile, okunikeza isitshalo i-chic ekhethekile. Kodwa ukumelana nesithwathwa kuphansi kakhulu - kufika ku -18 ° С.

I-Fastigiata (Fastigiata). Izinhlobonhlobo ezinomumo oqondile, ovoid. Ukuphakama kwesitshalo esidala kufika ku-7 m, ububanzi bufika ku-2 m. Ukukhula konyaka kungu-12 cm. Izinaliti zimnyama kakhulu, zimnyama-luhlaza ngombala. Ukumelana nesithwathwa kuphansi (kufika ku-23 ° C), ubusika kahle ngaphansi kweqhwa.

I-Fastigiata Robusta (Fastigiata Robusta). Ngendlela yekholomu ezacile efinyelela ku-8 m ukuphakama futhi ifike ku-1,5 m ububanzi. Amahlumela aminyene kakhulu. Ukukhula konyaka - 15 cm. Izinaliti ziluhlaza ngokukhanyayo. Ikhula kahle kokubili elangeni nasemthunzini, kodwa ngokukhanya okuhle izinaliti zigcwele umbala. Ukumelana nesithwathwa kuphansi (kufika ku-28 ° С).

Elegantissima (Elegantissima). Le nhlobonhlobo inomumo onwebekayo futhi ithi thizeni ifane nevazi. Izinaliti ziyi-variegated, yellow-green. Ukukhula konyaka - 10 - 15 cm. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla esidala - 3 - 5 m. Kubhekwa njengokumelana nesithwathwa ngokuphelele.

Ukunakekelwa kwe-Yew berry

Izidingo zokunakekelwa kwe-yew zincane. Ingakhula ngokujwayelekile ngaphandle kwamaqhinga, into esemqoka ukukhetha indawo efanele kuyo.

Ground

Noma yimuphi umhlabathi ulungele i-yew. Ikhula kahle kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezivundile - lapho inokukhula okwengeziwe, umbala ugqamile, kodwa ubusika buzinze kakhulu ezinhlotsheni zesihlabathi ezixekethile.

Lighting

Ama-Yews angakhula kokubili elangeni nasemthunzini ominyene. Ezitshalweni zezinhlobo, akukho mehluko nhlobo, kodwa ezitshalweni ze-varietal, umbala wezinaliti uncike ekukhanyeni - ngaphansi kwemisebe ekhanyayo uba ugcwele. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngokuhlukahluka komqhele ophuzi. Ngokuntuleka kokukhanya, izinaliti ziba mnyama futhi zingase zibe luhlaza.

Ukunisela

Ukunisela i-yew berry kuyadingeka kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo. Futhi, njengomthetho, esemncane - ngonyaka wokuqala emva kokutshala. Ngalesi sikhathi, kuyasiza ukunisela kanye ngesonto, ibhakede elingu-1 lamanzi esihlahleni ngasinye.

Ngonyaka wesibili, ukuchelela kuyadingeka kuphela ngesikhathi sesomiso eside - futhi kanye ngesonto, ibhakede elingu-1.

Kodwa kusukela ngonyaka wesithathu, awusakwazi ukukhathazeka - ama-yews abekezelela kalula isomiso.

umquba

Asikho isidingo sokusebenzisa noma yimuphi umanyolo lapho utshala i-yew. Kodwa okudingeka ngempela ukufaka ibhakede elingu-1 lomhlabathi kusuka ngaphansi kwamaphayini noma amafir emgodini. Amakhowe akhethekile ahlala ezinso ezinjalo, ezisiza ama-conifers ukukhipha izakhi.

Ukudla

Abayidingi futhi yew. Futhi ngisho contraindicated, ngoba fresh udaba eziphilayo kanye namaminerali umquba ukubulala lezo sikhunta inhlabathi efanayo, futhi ngaphandle kosizo lwabo lesi sitshalo ingase ife.

Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-yew berry

I-Yew berry isakazwa ngezindlela ezimbili.

Imbewu. Lolu khetho olwabantu abanomdlandla kakhulu futhi abanesineke. I-Yew ikhula kancane kakhulu, futhi izithombo zifinyelela ubude obuyi-1 m kuphela ngemva kweminyaka engama-30. Kodwa uma uzimisele ukulinda, kufanele uzame.

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuhlwanyela, imbewu, noma kunalokho ama-cones (yilokhu okubizwa ngokuthi izithelo ze-yew), zidinga ukucwiliswa usuku emanzini - ngalesi sikhathi igobolondo lizothambisa, okumele lisuswe. Khona-ke kufanele zomiswe, zixutshwe nesihlabathi futhi zithunyelwe esiqandisini ngezinga lokushisa lika-5 - 6 ° C (lokhu kwenziwa kangcono ngo-April) ... unyaka ongu-1! Usafuna ukusabalalisa ama-yews kusuka kumbewu? Ngemuva kwalokho, ngemuva konyaka, kufanele zihlwanyelwe ezindlini zokugcina izithombo futhi zimbozwe ngenhlabathi ye-coniferous ngaphansi kwamaphayini noma ama-spruces avela phezulu ngongqimba luka-2 cm. Ngale ndlela yokuhlwanyela, cishe ama-70% embewu ayaqhuma.

Kukhona inketho elula - ukuhlwanyela amajikijolo e-cone ngokushesha emhlabathini ovulekile ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba - ekuqaleni kukaNovemba ekujuleni kuka-2 cm. Kodwa kulokhu, zingahluma eminyakeni emi-3-4.

Ukusika. Le ndlela ilula kakhulu futhi ifinyeleleka kunoma yimuphi umlimi. Kodwa-ke, umuntu akufanele azikhohlise kakhulu, ngoba ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi izinga lokusinda kwe-yew cuttings liphansi kakhulu: inani eliphakeme elingalindelwa ngu-20%, kodwa ngokuvamile lesi sibalo siphansi kakhulu (5).

Kungcono ukusika ama-cuttings ukuze asakaze ngoSepthemba-Okthoba noma ngo-Ephreli-Meyi. Kufanele zibe ngu-15 - 20 cm ubude futhi kufanele zithathwe emahlumela aneminyaka engu-3 - 5 ubudala - zimila izimpande ezimbi kakhulu emagatsheni amadala. Izinaliti ezivela engxenyeni yesithathu engezansi yokusika kumele zisuswe, bese zitshalwa ezimbizeni, engxube ye-peat nesihlabathi ngesilinganiso se-2: 1. Akudingekile ukuphatha ama-cuttings nge-stimulants yokwakheka kwezimpande - ukuhlolwa kubonise ukuthi azinikezi mphumela, noma, ngokuphambene, zikhuphule izinga lokusinda lokusikwa (5).

Ama-cuttings aqala phakathi nezinyanga ezingu-3-4. Sonke lesi sikhathi badinga ukuphuziswa ukuze umhlaba uhlale unomswakama kancane, futhi umthunzi kusuka elangeni eliqondile. Izitshalo ezitshalwe ekwindla zitshalwa engadini ekupheleni kukaMeyi. Spring - ngo-September.

Ebusika, inhlabathi ezungeze izithombo kufanele imbozwe nge-sawdust ngongqimba luka-7-10 cm, futhi izicucu ngokwazo kufanele zimbozwe ngamagatsha e-spruce. Ngendlela, kuzodingeka ukumboza iminyaka yokuqala engu-3-4.

Izifo ze-yew berry

Ngokuvamile, i-yew berry ayivame ukugula, kodwa noma kunjalo, kunesikhunta se-pathogenic esingabangela izinkinga.

I-Phomosis. Ngalesi sifo, amagxolo esitshalo ayafa, izinaliti kancane kancane ziphenduka zibe phuzi, bese ziphenduka zibe nsundu futhi ziwe. Ngokutheleleka okunamandla, amagatsha aqala ukoma ngobuningi, isitshalo siba buthaka, futhi ubusika bube buthaka. Izinhlamvu zesikhunta ziphikelela emagxolweni nasezinalitini eziwile.

Ngesibonakaliso sokuqala sesifo, wonke amahlumela athintekile kufanele anqunywe. Ekwindla, phatha izitshalo ngengxube yeBordeaux (1%). Futhi uma ukutheleleka kusakazeke kakhulu, khona-ke ukwelashwa ngengxube yeBordeaux kufanele kuphindwe ehlobo.

I-Brown Shutte (isikhunta seqhwa esinsundu). Lesi sifo sesikhunta sithinta izinhlobo eziningi ze-conifers, futhi i-yew iyafana. Lesi sifo sivame ukuzibonakalisa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo - izinaliti ziqala ukuthola i-gray-brown hue. Futhi ngokunqotshwa okunamandla, izihlahla zima njengokungathi zishiswe umlilo.

Ngezibonakaliso zokuqala zesifo, udinga ukusika amagatsha athintekile, uqoqe izinaliti eziwile emhlabathini. Bese uphatha izitshalo nge-Topsin-M noma i-Rakurs (6).

Izinambuzane ze-strawberry yew

Izinambuzane ku-yew azivamile kakhulu, kodwa ziyenzeka, futhi kubalulekile ukuzibona kusenesikhathi ukuze uqale ukwelashwa.

Yew isihlangu samanga. Lesi zinambuzane singabonakala emahlumela amancane nangaphansi kwezinaliti - izinambuzane zibukeka njengama-tubercle ayindilinga anombala ophuzi (abesifazane) noma omhlophe (abesilisa), ububanzi obuyi-2-4 mm. Zidla ubisi lwezitshalo. Izimpawu zokuqala zokutheleleka - izinaliti ziqala ukuphenduka zibe nsundu futhi ziwohloke, futhi izinaliti ziphenduka zibe mnyama emagatsheni aphansi - ukutheleleka kwesibili ngendlela ye-soot fungi ijoyina.

Kunzima ukulwa nabantu abadala - bambozwe ngegobolondo eliqinile. Kodwa kungenzeka ukubhubhisa ngokuphumelelayo izibungu ezilahlekile, ezivela ngobuningi engxenyeni yokuqala kaJulayi. Ngalesi sikhathi, izitshalo kufanele ziphathwe nge-Confidor Maxi noma i-Engio.

Yew midge. Izimpawu zezinambuzane zivela eziqongweni zamahlumela - izinaliti eziphezu kwazo ziqoqwe emgodleni, ngaphakathi lapho kutholakala khona izibungu zezinambuzane ezibomvu.

Ukulwa ne-yew gall midge, i-Engio isetshenziswa.

I-spruce needleworm. Abantu abadala bayinundu elincane elinemibala ehlukahlukene. Futhi azinangozi. Kodwa izibungu ze-silt zithelela izitshalo eziningi ze-coniferous, kuhlanganise ne-yew. Bahlala ngaphakathi kwezinaliti, izimayini eziququdayo. Njengoba bekhula, baluka ulwembu, baqoqe izinaliti eziningana zibe yinqwaba.

Ukulwa nezinambuzane, izidakamizwa zesistimu zisetshenziswa - i-Calypso, i-Confidor noma i-Engio.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo ezidumile

I-Yew berry iphakamisa imibuzo eminingi phakathi kwabalimi, sikhulume ngokuthandwa kakhulu kubo isazi sezolimo namahlathi uSvetlana Mikhailova.

Imithombo ye

1. Incwadi Ebomvu ye-Krasnodar Territory (Izitshalo namakhowe). Uhlelo lwesibili / Rev. ed. Litvinskaya SA // Krasnodar: Design Bureau No. 1 LLC, 2007.
2. I-Red Data Book yaseRiphabhulikhi yaseNyakatho Ossetia-Alania. Izinhlobo ezingavamile nezisengozini yezitshalo nezilwane / U-Ed. Nikolaeva I., Gamovoy N. // Vladikavkaz: Project-Press, 1999. - 248 p.
3. Incwadi Ebomvu yeRiphabhulikhi yaseCrimea. Izitshalo, ulwelwe kanye nesikhunta / Ed. ed. dbs, uphrof. Yena AV kanye nePh.D. I-Fateryga AV // Simferopol: LLC "IT "ARIAL", 2015. - 480 p.
4. I-Red Data Book Yesifunda saseKaliningrad / Iqoqo lababhali, ed. I-Dedkova VP kanye noGrishanova GV // Kaliningrad: Indlu Yokushicilela yeNyuvesi Yombuso. I. Kant, 2010. - 333 p.
5. UMagomedalieva VK, Omarova PK Izici eziqhathaniswayo zokusinda kokusikwa kanye nokucutshungulwa kwe-yew berry in vitro // I-Bulletin yaseDagestan State University. Uchungechunge 1: Isayensi Yemvelo, 2013, https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/sravnitelnaya-harakteristika-vyzhivaemosti-cherenkov-i-eksplantov-pobega-tisa-yagodnogo-in-vitro
6. Ikhathalogi yezwe yezibulala-zinambuzane namakhemikhali ezolimo avunyelwe ukusetshenziswa endaweni ye-Federation kusukela ngomhla ka-6 Julayi 2021 // Umnyango Wezolimo Wenhlangano, https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii- khimizatsii -i-zashchity-rasteniy/imboni-information/info-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/