Okuqukethwe
Izithombe ezifihlwe umuntu equlekile akulula ukuzibona futhi ngisho nangokwengeziwe ukuzichaza ngamagama. Kodwa ukuxhumana nezwe lokuhlangenwe nakho okujulile, okudingekayo enhlalakahleni yethu, kungasungulwa ngaphandle kosizo lwamagama, kusho ochwepheshe.
Imizamo yokufinyelela kwabaqulekile futhi ungene engxoxweni nayo ithathwa njengelungelo lama-psychoanalyst. Kodwa akunjalo. Kunezindlela eziningi ze-psychotherapeutic ezibhekana nokuqulekile ngezinye izindlela. Lapho kungekho khona amagama anele, izithombe, ukunyakaza, umculo usiza - okuvame ukuholela ekujuleni kwe-psyche ngendlela emfushane.
Ukwelashwa kwezobuciko
Umlando. Indlela yaqalwa ngawo-1940, futhi uNatalie Rogers, indodakazi yesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo uCarl Rogers, waziwa kakhulu phakathi kwabadali bayo. U-Natalie wasiza uyise ukuba aqhube izikhathi zeqembu. Futhi ngabona ukuthi abahlanganyeli bakhathele ukuhlala, ukukhuluma nokulalela amahora amaningi. Uphakamise ukusebenzisa umdwebo, umculo, ukunyakaza - futhi kancane kancane wadala eyakhe indlela.
Ingqikithi yendlela. NgesiNgisi, kunamagama amabili: ukwelapha ngobuciko (ukwelashwa kwezobuciko obubonakalayo, empeleni ukwelapha ngobuciko) kanye nokwelapha ngobuciko (ukwelapha ngazo zonke izinhlobo zobuciko ngokujwayelekile). Kodwa kukhona enye indlela ethola amandla, eyavela ngeminyaka yawo-1970 futhi ibizwa nge-expressive arts therapy ngesiNgisi. NgesiRashiya sikubiza ngokuthi “i-intermodal therapy enobuciko obucacile”. Ukwelapha okunjalo kusebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zobuciko kuseshini eyodwa yokwelapha. Kungaba ukudweba, nokunyakaza, nomculo - ukuhlanganiswa kwazo zonke lezi zinhlobo.
Umelaphi kufanele azwele kakhulu ukuze azi ukuthi kufanele asuke nini kolunye uhlobo lobuciko aye kolunye. Lapho ukwazi ukudweba okuthile, lapho ungakwazi ukukuveza ngomculo noma ngamagama. Lokhu kwandisa ububanzi bethonya, kuvumela izinqubo eziqulekile ukuthi zenzeke. Kunezimpawu, amasiginali odinga ukuzulazula ngawo, unikeze iklayenti ukuthi lithuthele kwenye indlela.
Izinkondlo, isibonelo, iyithuluzi elihle lokugcizelela okubaluleke kakhulu kulokho okubalulekile. Sisebenzisa ukubhala kwamahhala lapho iklayenti likwazi ukubhala ngokuzenzakalelayo imizuzu eyi-10. Futhi-ke yini okufanele uyenze ngale nto? Siphakamisa ukuthi iklayenti dvwebele, lithi, amagama amahlanu - bese lenza i-haiku kuwo. Ngakho endabeni etholakala ngokuzenzakalelayo, siqokomisa okubalulekile futhi sikuveze ngosizo lwezinkondlo.
Izinzuzo. Iklayenti lingase lihambele izikhathi zokwelapha ngobuciko ngaphandle kokukwazi ukudweba, ukubaza, noma ukubhala izinkondlo. Kukhona amasu okusiza ukususa inkimbinkimbi yokungakwazi nokwesaba ukuziveza ngale ndlela. Isibonelo, ungadweba ngesandla sakho sobunxele. Ukwesaba kudlula ngokushesha - cishe akekho owaziyo ukudweba ngesandla sobunxele.
Inzuzo ebalulekile yokwelashwa kwezobuciko kanye nokwelashwa kobuciko be-intermodal, ngibheka ukuphepha kwabo. Umsebenzi uqhubeka ezingeni elingokomfanekiso, ngezithombe. Ngokushintsha isithombe, ukudweba, sishintsha okuthile kithi. Futhi ukuqonda kuyofika ngesikhathi esifanele, okungafanele kuphuthunyiswe.
Ngobani futhi isikhathi esingakanani. Ukwelapha ngobuciko kusebenza nokulahlekelwa, ukuhlukumezeka, ubudlelwano kanye nezinkinga zabo. Konke lokhu kungadwetshwa, kubunjwe, i-haiku ingadalwa kusuka kuyo yonke into - futhi iguqulwe ohlelweni lokusungula. Iseshini ithatha ihora nesigamu, inkambo yokwelapha - kusukela kumaseshini amahlanu (ukwelashwa kwesikhashana) kuya eminyakeni engu-2-3.
Kunemikhawulo ethile. Ngangisebenza emtholampilo wabagula ngengqondo, futhi ngiyazi ukuthi kunzima ukusebenzisa izindlela zobuciko kubantu abasesimweni esinzima. Yize bekwazile ukuzuza imiphumela nabo. Ngikhumbula intombazane eneminyaka engu-19 ubudala enokubambezeleka kwentuthuko (yahlala ezingeni le-5 ubudala). Emidwebeni yakhe, phakathi kwama-doodle angahlangani, ngesinye isikhathi kwavela ibhere nempungushe. Ngabuza: ubani lona? Wathi impungushe ifana nonina, nebhele lifana naye. "Kanti impungushe ithini kubhere?" - «Impungushe ithi:» Ungakhuli.
Ukwelashwa kwesihlabathi (i-sandplay)
Umlando kanye nengqikithi yendlela. Indlela yaqala phakathi nekhulu lamashumi amabili. Umbhali wayo nguDora Kalff, umfundi kaCarl Gustav Jung. Ngendlela yakhona yamanje, ukwelapha ngesihlabathi kuqukethe amathreyi amabili okhuni angama-50 cm ngo-70 cm anesihlabathi esimanzi nesomile nemifanekiso ebonisa abantu, izilwane, izindlu, abalingiswa bezinganekwane, kanye nezimo zemvelo.
Indlela isuselwe embonweni wokuhlaziywa kwe-Jungian mayelana nokubuyiselwa kwengxoxo phakathi kokwazi nokuquleka endaweni yokwelapha yamahhala nevikelekile. Umdlalo wesanti usiza “ukucosha izitho zethu” - lokho esikwazi kancane ngathi noma esingakwazi nhlobo ngenxa yengcindezelo nokuhlukumezeka.
U-Dora Kalff ukholelwa ukuthi i-sandplay inomthelela ekusebenzeni kwe-Self yethu - isikhungo se-psyche, lapho ukuhlanganiswa kwenzeka khona, okuholela kubuqotho bobuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, "umdlalo" onjalo uvuselela ukuhlehla, usiza ngomdlalo ukuphendukela engxenyeni yengane ye-"I" yethu. Kwakukuye lapho uJung ebona khona izinsiza ezifihliwe ze-psyche kanye namathuba okuvuselelwa kwayo.
Izinzuzo. I-sandplay iyindlela engokwemvelo neqondakalayo, ngoba sonke sasidlala kubhokisi lesihlabathi njengezingane, bese kuba nesihlabathi emabhishi. Konke ukuhlotshaniswa nesihlabathi kumnandi, ngakho-ke indlela ibangela ukumelana okuncane. Ngesikhathi kwenziwa imidwebo, asixoxi noma siyihumushe. Kubalulekile ukuthi siqale inqubo ukuze izithombe ziphumelele zodwa. Ekupheleni komsebenzi, iklayenti kanye nami singaxoxa ngochungechunge lwemidwebo yakhe, izithombe engizigcina ngemva kweseshini ngayinye.
Ngosizo lwezithombe ezisesikhaleni sebhokisi lesihlabathi, umfana wavalelisa kuyise waqala ukubuyela ekuphileni okuvamile.
Uma sikhuluma ngokusebenza kahle, nansi isibonelo sakamuva. Ngagcina ngisebenza nomfana oneminyaka engu-10. Uyise washona kabuhlungu. Umfana wayecasuke kakhulu ngokulahlekelwa, ehlala egula, waqala ukuzihoxisa, wayeka ukukhuluma. Phakathi nezifundo, wacasha ngaphansi kwedeski - waziphatha njengengane ene-autism, nakuba engenakho ukuxilongwa okunjalo.
Ezimisweni zokuqala, wawagwema amehlo akhe, engafuni ukuxhumana. Ngathi: “Kulungile, ngiyabona ukuthi awufuni ukukhuluma, ngeke ngikuhluphe. Kodwa singadlala." Futhi waqala ukwakha izithombe esihlabathini. Walijabulela leli thuba futhi wadala imidwebo emangalisayo. Babewubona umhlaba lapho ayekhona, lapho umndeni wawukhona ngaphambi kwenhlekelele. Kodwa waya lapho, futhi uyise wayehlale ebonakala eduze kwakhe.
Wadabula indlela enzima, ngosizo lwezithombe endaweni yebhokisi lesihlabathi, wavalelisa kuyise, izwe labaphilayo nabafileyo lahlukaniswa, umfana waqala ukubuyela empilweni evamile. Ngangilapho, ngisekelwe, ngazama ukuzwa isimo sakhe ngezithombe. Kancane kancane, waqala ukungethemba, kwafika isikhathi lapho ekhuluma nami okokuqala, lapho emomotheka. Sasebenza isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka, futhi isihlabathi saba neqhaza elikhulu kulo msebenzi.
Ngobani futhi isikhathi esingakanani. Uma kungekho contraindications ekwelapheni ngokuvamile, le ndlela ingasetshenziswa. Iseshini ithatha imizuzu engama-50. Kukhona ukwelashwa kwesikhashana okuhloswe emiphumeleni yezenzakalo ezimbi. Futhi kukhona, isibonelo, umsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi futhi omude nama-neuroses. Kwabanye, izinyanga ezimbalwa zanele, kanti ezinye zihamba iminyaka emi-5.
Ukusho ukuthi sishintsha ukuquleka kulo msebenzi, ngeke ngilokothe. Ngokuvamile kuyasishintsha. Kodwa siyammema engxoxweni. Sizihlola thina, izindawo zethu zangaphakathi, sizazi kangcono. Futhi ube nempilo enhle ngokwengqondo.
Ukwelashwa kokunyakaza komdanso
Umlando. Ukukhuluma ngokwelashwa kokunyakaza komdanso, udinga ukuqala nge-psychotherapist u-Alexander Lowen, umdali we-bioenergetics. Wathi: ama-clamps emzimbeni akhiwa kusukela ebuntwaneni njengendlela yokusabela kumathonya angokwengqondo. Umama wamemeza enganeni: "Ungalokothi ukhale!" Azibambe, kanti umphimbo uyashwabana. Indoda iyanxuswa ukuthi ibekezele, ingabonisi imizwa - kukhona i-clamp esifundeni senhliziyo. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kuvame kakhulu emadodeni kunakwabesifazane.
Ingqikithi yendlela. Emdanso, ukuquleka kuzibonakalisa ngosizo lwezithombe nokuzwa komzimba. Othile ubuswa imizwa yomzimba lapho edansa, futhi othile udansa izithombe ezibukwayo. Sifunda ukulalela umzimba, silandele imizwa yawo. Akudingekile ukuthi sibeke okuhlangenwe nakho kwethu ngamazwi. Ngosizo lomdanso, ungasebenza nganoma yimuphi umzwelo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlukana.
Umuntu ngamunye unokuhlangenwe nakho kokuhlukana, ukushonelwa abathandekayo - futhi lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kuhlala emzimbeni futhi. Sithwala lobu buhlungu nathi iminyaka eminingi. Futhi kunzima ukukhuluma ngakho. Futhi ukusebenza nomzimba kusiza ukuthola lobu buhlungu - futhi bunqobe.
Ngokuvamile sibambeka esigabeni sobudlova, sisole lowo esahlukana naye noma esalahlekelwa, sibeka icala thina noma izwe lonke ngokungabi nabulungisa. Ngokuvamile abantu abakuqapheli. Futhi umdanso ungena kulesi simo esibuhlungu, futhi umzimba uveza intukuthelo, ulaka. Abathengi bavame ukuvuma ukuthi ngalesi sikhathi bafuna ukuklebhula okuthile ngezandla zabo, bashaye izinyawo zabo. Kulapho-ke ukuzenzela kubalulekile khona.
Ukukhuluma kuyimfuneko yokwelashwa kokunyakaza komdanso. Kodwa umphumela oyinhloko wokwelapha awunikezwa ngamagama, kodwa ngokunyakaza.
I-Dance-Movement therapy ivame ukuhanjelwa yilabo abanokunyakaza okubambe ngekhanda emakhanda abo. Kancane kancane, bavula, baqale ukwenza ukunyakaza osekukhohlwe isikhathi eside. Ngaphansi kwethonya lezimbangela ezingokwengqondo - ukuhlupheka, ukucindezeleka, ukucindezeleka - abaningi bayagoba, behlise amahlombe abo nekhanda, bagobe ngokoqobo ngaphansi kwesisindo sezinkinga, futhi ekwelapheni sinikeza ukuphumula kuwo wonke umzimba. Umsebenzi wenziwa ngeqembu, futhi lokhu kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokwelapha. Sine, isibonelo, umsebenzi lapho ababambiqhaza behlangana futhi ngamunye adansela uzakwenu.
Ukunaka komunye umuntu kuyisici esibucayi esishintsha umdanso, ukunyakaza. Futhi ekugcineni senza umdanso wokubonga. Asisho lutho, sizwakalisa ukubonga kwethu kwamanye amalungu eqembu ngamehlo ethu, ukushukuma komzimba, ukunyakaza. Futhi phakathi nalo mdanso, cishe njalo ukukhala! Ngemva komdanso, sixoxa ngalokho wonke umuntu ahlangabezane nakho nakuzwayo. Ukukhuluma kuyimfuneko yokwelashwa kokunyakaza komdanso. Kodwa umphumela oyinhloko wokwelapha awunikezwa ngamagama, kodwa ngokunyakaza.
Ngobani futhi isikhathi esingakanani. Isifundo esijwayelekile siyimihlangano eyi-8-10 kanye ngesonto. Isifundo esisodwa sithatha amahora angama-3-4. Iminyaka yobudala ayibalulekile neze, ngezinye izikhathi amantombazane afika ukuzodansa nezingane, kwakukhona ngisho neqembu elihlukile kubo. Futhi-ke, iwusizo kubantu abadala. Bahlala behamba bejabule. Amadoda ngamaqembu, ngeshwa, angabalwa eminwe. Nakuba ukusebenza kahle kwendlela yabesilisa nabesifazane kuyafana.