Ithanga (kusuka kuLatini elithi coxa, inqulu) lihambisana nengxenye yesitho esingaphansi esiphakathi kwenqulu nedolo.

Amathambo ethanga. Ithanga lakhiwe ithambo elilodwa: i-femur emide (1). Ingaphezulu, noma eliseduze, ukuphela kwe-femur kuhlangana nethambo le-hip ukuze kwakheke inqulu. Isiphetho esiphansi, noma esikude, sihambisana ne-tibia, i-fibula (noma i-fibula), ne-patella ukuze kwakhiwe idolo.

Imisipha yamathanga. Ithanga lakhiwe izingxenye ezintathu zemisipha (2):

• Igumbi elingaphambili, eliphambi kwe-femur, lakhiwe i-sartorius kanye ne-quadriceps.
• Igumbi langemuva, elitholakala ngemuva kwe-femur, lakhiwe yimisipha yemisipha eyi-semi-tendinous, semi-membranous kanye ne-biceps femoris.
• Igumbi langaphakathi liqukethe i-pectineum, i-gracilius kanye nemisipha ye-adductor eyi-adductor longus, i-adductor brevis kanye ne-adductor magnus.

I-Vascularization. I-vascularization yethanga inikezwa ngumthambo wabesifazane.

Ukuswela. Imisipha yamagumbi angaphambili nangemuva ngokulandelana ayivinjelwa yi-femoral nerve kanye ne-sciatic nerve. Imisipha yegumbi langaphakathi ngokuyinhloko ayivalwa yi-obturator nerve, kodwa futhi yimizwa ye-sciatic ne-femoral (2).

Ukudluliswa kwesisindo. Ithanga, ikakhulukazi nge-femur, lidlulisa isisindo somzimba sisuke ethanjeni le-hip liye e-tibia. (3)

Amandla omzimba. Imisipha namalunga ethanga asezingeni lesinqe nasemadolweni abamba iqhaza emandleni emvelo okuhamba nokugcina isiteshi siqondile. Ngempela, imisipha yethanga ivumela ikakhulukazi ukunyakaza kwe-flexion, ukunwetshwa, ukujikeleza, ukukhishwa kwethanga nokuhamba okuthile komlenze (2).

Ubuhlungu bethanga obuzwakala ethangeni bungaba nemvelaphi ehlukile.

• Izilonda zamathambo. Ubuhlungu obukhulu ethangeni bungaba ngenxa yesifazane esiphukile.
• Izifo zamathambo. Ubuhlungu bamathanga bungaba ngenxa yesifo samathambo esifana ne-osteoporosis.
• Izifo zemisipha. Imisipha yethanga ingaba ngaphansi kobuhlungu ngaphandle kokulimala njengokucindezela noma ukulonda ukulimala kwemisipha njengokucindezela noma ukucindezela. Emisipheni, imisipha nayo ingadala ubuhlungu ethangeni, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi se-tendinopathies njenge-tendonitis.
• Izifo ze-Vascular. Uma kwenzeka ukungabi namandla kwemithambo ethangeni, umuzwa wemilenze esindayo ungazwakala. Kubonakala ngokukhethekile ngokushaywa, ukugcotshwa kanye nokuba ndikindiki. Izimbangela zezimpawu ezisindayo zomlenze ziyahlukahluka. Kwezinye izimo, ezinye izimpawu zingavela njenge-varicose veins ngenxa yokwanda kwemithambo noma i-phlebitis ngenxa yokwakheka kwamahlule egazi.
• Izifo zemizwa. Amathanga angaba futhi yisayithi le-pathologies yezinzwa ezifana, ngokwesibonelo, i-sciatic neuralgia. Ngenxa yokulimala kwe-nerve ye-sciatic, lokhu kubonakaliswa ubuhlungu obukhulu obuzwakala ethangeni.

Imithi yokwelashwa. Ngokuya nge-pathology etholakele, kungabekwa izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokwehlisa ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala kanye nokuqinisa izicubu zamathambo.

Ukwelashwa okuyizimpawu. Endabeni yezifo zemithambo yegazi, ukucindezelwa okunwebeka kungabekwa ukunciphisa ukuncipha kwemithambo.

Ukwelashwa kokuhlinzwa. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwe-pathology olutholakele, kungahlinzwa.

Ukwelashwa kwamathambo. Ngokuya ngohlobo lokwephuka, ukufakwa kosimende noma i-resin kungenziwa.

Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba. Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba, ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo ezithile zokuzivocavoca, kungabekwa njenge-physiotherapy noma i-physiotherapy.

Ukuhlolwa komzimba. Okokuqala, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa komtholampilo ukuze kugcinwe futhi kuhlolwe izimpawu ezibonwa yisiguli.

Ukuhlaziywa kwezokwelapha. Ukuze ubone izifo ezithile, ukuhlaziywa kwegazi noma komchamo kungenziwa, ngokwesibonelo, isilinganiso se-phosphorus noma i-calcium.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging yezokwelapha. Ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray, i-CT noma i-MRI scintigraphy, noma i-bone densitometry yamathambo, ingasetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa noma ukujulisa ukuxilongwa.

I-Doppler ultrasound. Le-ultrasound ethize yenza sikwazi ukubona ukuhamba kwegazi.

I-sartorius, i-gracilis kanye nemisipha e-semi-tendinous nayo ibizwa ngokuthi "imisipha yezinyawo zegwababa". Leli gama lihlotshaniswa nokufakwa kwemisipha yale misipha ezingeni le-tibia, okunikeza ukuma okufana nezinyawo zegwababa (4).