“Okuhle ngeplanethi kuhle kithi,” kusho abahleli bezindawo zasemadolobheni. Ngokocwaningo lwenkampani yezobunjiniyela yamazwe ngamazwe i-Arup, amadolobha aluhlaza aphephile, abantu banempilo engcono, futhi impilo yabo yonke iphezulu.
Ucwaningo lweminyaka engu-17 oluvela eNyuvesi yase-Exeter e-UK lwathola ukuthi abantu abahlala ezindaweni eziluhlaza noma ezindaweni eziluhlaza emadolobheni abajwayele ukugula ngengqondo futhi bazizwa benelisekile ngezimpilo zabo. Isiphetho esifanayo sisekelwa olunye ucwaningo lwakudala: iziguli ezihlinzwe zilulama ngokushesha uma amafasitela ekamelo azo alibhekile ipaki.
Impilo yengqondo kanye nokuthambekela kobudlova kuhlobene eduze, yingakho amadolobha aluhlaza kuye kwabonakala enamazinga aphansi obugebengu, ubudlova nezingozi zezimoto. Lokhu kuchazwa ukuthi isikhathi esichithwa ekunyakazeni nasekuxhumaneni nemvelo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuhamba epaki noma ukugibela ibhayisikili ngemva komsebenzi, kusiza umuntu ukuba abhekane nemizwa engemihle futhi amenze angangqubuzani.
Ngaphezu komphumela ovamile wokuthuthukisa impilo yengqondo, izindawo eziluhlaza zinenye impahla ethakazelisayo: zikhuthaza umuntu ukuba ahambe kakhulu, enze ukugijima kwasekuseni, ukugibela ibhayisikili, nokusebenza ngokomzimba, kusiza ekugcineni impilo yabantu ngokomzimba. Ngokwesibonelo, eCopenhagen, ngokwakha imizila yamabhayisikili kulo lonke idolobha futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukuthuthukisa izinga lempilo yabantu, kwakungenzeka ukunciphisa izindleko zezokwelapha ngamaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-12.
Ukuthuthukisa lolu chungechunge olunengqondo, singacabanga ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwemisebenzi yabantu abanempilo engokwengqondo nangokomzimba kuphezulu, okuholela ekwandeni kwezinga lenhlalakahle yabantu. Kuye kwafakazelwa, isibonelo, ukuthi uma ubeka izitshalo endaweni yehhovisi, ukukhiqiza kwabasebenzi kuzokwanda ngo-15%. Lesi simo sichazwa inkolelo-mbono yokubuyisela ukunaka eyabekwa phambili kuma-90s wekhulu leminyaka elidlule ososayensi baseMelika uRachel noStephen Kaplan. Ingqikithi yalo mbono ukuthi ukuxhumana nemvelo kusiza ukunqoba ukukhathala kwengqondo, okwandisa izinga lokugxila nokudala. Ukuhlola kubonise ukuthi uhambo oluya emvelweni izinsuku ezimbalwa lungakhuphula ikhono lomuntu lokuxazulula imisebenzi engajwayelekile ngo-50%, futhi lokhu kungenye yezimfanelo ezifunwa kakhulu emhlabeni wanamuhla.
Ubuchwepheshe besimanje busivumela ukuthi siqhubekele phambili futhi sithuthukise hhayi nje isimo somuntu kanye nomphakathi uwonke, kodwa futhi senze amadolobha abe nobungane bemvelo. Izinqubo ezintsha okukhulunywa ngazo zihlobene ngokuyinhloko nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla namanzi, ukuthuthukisa ukonga kwamandla, ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni kanye nokuvuselela imfucuza.
Ngakho-ke, "ama-smart grids" manje athuthuka ngenkuthalo, okuvumela ukuphatha ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kukagesi ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zamanje, okwandisa ukusebenza kahle okuphelele futhi kuvimbele ukusebenza kokungenzi lutho kwama-generator. Ukwengeza, amanethiwekhi anjalo angaxhunywa ngesikhathi esisodwa kuze kube unomphela (amagridi kagesi) kanye nesikhashana (ama-solar panel, ama-generator omoya) imithombo yamandla, okwenza kube nokufinyelela okungaphazanyiswa kwamandla, okwandisa amandla ezinsiza ezivuselelekayo.
Omunye umkhuba okhuthazayo ukwanda kwesibalo sezimoto ezisebenza ngama-biofuels noma ugesi. Izimoto zikagesi ze-Tesla sezivele zinqoba imakethe ngokushesha, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuphikisa ukuthi emashumini ambalwa eminyaka kuzokwazi ukunciphisa kakhulu ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide emkhathini.
Enye into entsha emkhakheni wezokuthutha, okuyinto, naphezu kokumangalisa kwayo, isivele ikhona, uhlelo lokuhamba komuntu siqu okuzenzakalelayo. Izimoto ezincane zikagesi ezihamba kumathrekhi abekelwe zona ngokukhethekile zingathwala iqembu labagibeli ukusuka endaweni A ukuya endaweni engu-B nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngaphandle kokuma. Uhlelo lusebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo, abagibeli babonisa kuphela indawo okuyiwa kuyo ohlelweni lokuzulazula - futhi bajabulele uhambo oluvumela imvelo ngokuphelele. Ngokwalesi simiso, ukunyakaza kuhlelwa esikhumulweni sezindiza saseLondon Heathrow, kwamanye amadolobha aseNingizimu Korea naseNyuvesi yaseWest Virginia e-USA.
Lezi zindlela ezintsha zidinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okubalulekile, kodwa amandla azo makhulu. Kukhona futhi izibonelo zezixazululo ezivumelana nesabelomali ezengeziwe ezinciphisa umthwalo wokufudukela emadolobheni endaweni ezungezile. Nazi ezimbalwa zazo:
- Idolobha lase-Los Angeles lishintshe amalambu asemgwaqweni angaba ngu-209 lafaka amalambu awonga amandla, okuholele ekuncipheni kokusetshenziswa kwamandla ngo-40% kanye nokwehla okungamathani angama-40 kokukhishwa kwesikhutha. Ngenxa yalokho, idolobha longa amaRandi ayizigidi eziyishumi ngonyaka.
- E-Paris, ezinyangeni ezimbili nje zokusebenza kohlelo lokuqasha amabhayisikili, amaphuzu awo atholakala kulo lonke idolobha, abantu abangaba ngu-100 baqala ukuhamba ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-300 nsuku zonke. Ungacabanga ukuthi lokhu kuzoba nethonya elinamandla kangakanani empilweni yomuntu nasendaweni ezungezile?
- EFreiburg, eJalimane, u-25% wawo wonke amandla asetshenziswa abantu kanye namabhizinisi edolobha akhiqizwa ukubola kukadoti kanye nemfucuza. Idolobhakazi lizibeka “njengedolobha lemithombo yamandla ehlukile” futhi lithuthukisa amandla elanga.
Zonke lezi zibonelo zingaphezu kokukhuthaza. Bafakazela ukuthi isintu sinezinsiza ezidingekayo zobuhlakani nezobuchwepheshe ukuze sinciphise umthelela waso omubi emvelweni, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo sithuthukise impilo yaso yengqondo nengokwenyama. Izinto zincane - suka emazwini uye ezenzweni!