Umehluko omdala kakhulu owaziwayo ngezakhi zofuzo phakathi kwabantu nezimfene kungenzeka uye wasiza izilwane zasendulo, futhi manje abantu banamuhla, baphumelela ekuhambeni amabanga amade. Ukuze baqonde ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo kusebenza kanjani, ososayensi bahlola izicubu zamagundane ezazishintshwe izakhi zofuzo ukuze zithwale uguquko. Kumagundane ashintshashintshayo, amazinga komoyampilo anda afinyelela emisipheni esebenzayo, akhulisa ukukhuthazela futhi ehlisa ukukhathala kwemisipha kukonke. Abacwaningi basikisela ukuthi uguquko lungasebenza ngendlela efanayo kubantu.
Ukuzijwayeza okuningi komzimba kuye kwasiza ekwenzeni abantu baqine ekugijimeni ibanga elide: ukuvela kwemilenze emide, ikhono lokujuluka, nokulahlekelwa uboya konke kube nomthelela ekwandiseni ukukhuthazela. Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi “basitholile isisekelo sokuqala samangqamuzana salezi zinguquko ezingavamile kubantu,” kusho umcwaningi wezokwelapha nombhali oholayo wocwaningo u-Ajit Warki.
I-CMP-Neu5 Ac Hydroxylase (i-CMAH ngamafuphi) yashintsha kokhokho bethu eminyakeni eyizigidi ezimbili noma ezintathu edlule lapho ama-hominids eqala ukushiya ihlathi ukuze ayodla futhi azingele endaweni enkulukazi. Lona omunye umehluko wokuqala wofuzo esiwaziyo ngabantu banamuhla nezimfene. Eminyakeni engu-20 edlule, u-Varki nethimba lakhe labacwaningi bahlonze izakhi zofuzo eziningi ezihlobene nokugijima. Kodwa i-CMAH iwufuzo lokuqala olubonisa umsebenzi osuselwe kanye nekhono elisha.
Nokho, akubona bonke abacwaningi abaqinisekayo ngendima yesakhi sofuzo ekuziphendukeleni kwemvelo komuntu. Isazi sesayensi yezinto eziphilayo u-Ted Garland, ochwepheshe besayensi yokuziphendukela kwemvelo e-UC Riverside, uxwayisa ngokuthi ukuxhumana “kusawukuqagela nje” okwamanje.
“Ngiyakungabaza kakhulu uhlangothi lomuntu, kodwa angingabazi ukuthi lusiza izicubu,” kusho uGarland.
Isazi sesayensi yezinto eziphilayo sikholelwa ukuthi ukumane ubheke ukulandelana kwesikhathi lapho lokhu kuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo kwavela akwanele ukusho ukuthi lesi sakhi sofuzo sadlala indima ebalulekile ekuguqukeni kokusebenza.
Ukuguqulwa kwe-CMAH kusebenza ngokushintsha ubuso bamaseli akha umzimba womuntu.
"Wonke amangqamuzana emzimbeni ambozwe ngokuphelele ehlathini elikhulu likashukela," kusho uVarki.
I-CMAH ithinta le ndawo ngokufaka i-asilic acid. Ngenxa yalokhu kuguqulwa, abantu banohlobo olulodwa kuphela lwe-asilic acid ehlathini likashukela lamaseli abo. Ezinye izilwane ezincelisayo eziningi, kuhlanganise nezimfene, zinezinhlobo ezimbili ze-asidi. Lolu cwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi lolu shintsho lwama-asidi ebusweni bamaseli luthinta indlela umoya-mpilo ohanjiswa ngayo kumaseli emisipha emzimbeni.
U-Garland ucabanga ukuthi ngeke sicabange ukuthi lolu shintsho oluthile belubalulekile ukuze abantu baguqukele kubagijimi bamabanga. Ngokombono wakhe, ngisho noma lokhu kuguqulwa akuzange kwenzeke, okunye ukuguqulwa kwenzeka. Ukufakazela ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-CMAH nokuziphendukela kwemvelo komuntu, abacwaningi kudingeka babheke ukuqina kwezinye izilwane. Ukuqonda ukuthi umzimba wethu uxhumeke kanjani ekuzivocavoca akukwazi nje ukusisiza ukuthi siphendule imibuzo mayelana nesikhathi esidlule, kodwa futhi sithole izindlela ezintsha zokuthuthukisa impilo yethu esikhathini esizayo. Izifo eziningi, njengesifo sikashukela nesifo senhliziyo, zingavinjelwa ngokuzivocavoca.
Ukuze ugcine inhliziyo yakho nemithambo yegazi isebenza, i-American Heart Association itusa imizuzu engu-30 yomsebenzi olinganiselayo nsuku zonke. Kodwa uma uzizwa uphefumulelwe futhi ufuna ukuhlola imikhawulo yakho yomzimba, yazi ukuthi ibhayoloji ingasohlangothini lwakho.