Ukuwohloka komqondo kungenye yezinkinga ezimbi kakhulu emhlabeni. Yimbangela yokuqala yokufa kwabantu eNgilandi naseWales futhi ingeyesihlanu emhlabeni jikelele. E-United States, isifo i-Alzheimer’s, esichazwa iSikhungo Sokulawula Izifo “njengohlobo olubulalayo lokuwohloka komqondo,” siyimbangela yesithupha yokufa kwabantu abaningi. Ngokusho kwe-WHO, ngo-2015 babengaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-46 abantu abanokukhubazeka kwengqondo emhlabeni wonke, ngo-2016 lesi sibalo sikhuphuke safinyelela ezigidini ezingu-50. Lesi sibalo kulindeleke ukuthi sikhuphuke sifinyelele ezigidini ezingama-2050 ngo-131,5.
Kusukela olimini lwesiLatini elithi "dementia" lihunyushwa ngokuthi "ukuhlanya". Umuntu, ngokwezinga elithile noma kwelinye, ulahlekelwa ulwazi namakhono awusizo ayewazuze ngaphambili, futhi ubhekana nobunzima obukhulu ekutholeni amasha. Kubantu abavamile, ukuwohloka komqondo kubizwa ngokuthi “ukusangana okusengqondweni.” Ukuwohloka komqondo kuhambisana nokwephulwa kokucabanga okungaqondakali, ukungakwazi ukwenzela abanye izinhlelo ezingokoqobo, izinguquko zomuntu siqu, ukungalungi kahle kwezenhlalo emndenini nasemsebenzini, nokunye.
Umoya esiwuphefumulayo ungaba nemiphumela yesikhathi eside ebuchosheni bethu engagcina iholele ekwehleni komqondo. Ocwaningweni olusha olushicilelwe kujenali i-BMJ Open, abacwaningi balandelele amazinga okuxilongwa kokuwohloka komqondo kubantu abadala asebekhulile kanye namazinga okungcoliswa komoya eLondon. Umbiko wokugcina, ophinde uhlole ezinye izici ezinjengomsindo, ukubhema nesifo sikashukela, esinye isinyathelo sokuqonda ukuxhumana phakathi kokungcoliswa kwemvelo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezifo ze-neurocognitive.
“Nakuba okutholakele kufanele kubhekwe ngokuqapha, ucwaningo luyisengezo esibalulekile ebufakazini obukhulayo bokuxhumana okungenzeka phakathi kokungcola kwethrafikhi kanye nokuwohloka komqondo futhi kufanele kukhuthaze ucwaningo olwengeziwe ukuze lukufakazele lokho,” kusho umlobi oholayo wocwaningo kanye nesazi sezifo eziwumshayabhuqe e-St George's University London. , Ian Carey. .
Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi umphumela womoya ongcolile ungaba ukukhwehlela kuphela, ukucinana kwamakhala nezinye izinkinga ezingabulali. Sebevele bahlobanisa ukungcola nengozi eyengeziwe yesifo senhliziyo nesifo sohlangothi. Ukungcola okuyingozi kakhulu izinhlayiya ezincane (eziphindwe izikhathi ezingu-30 kunoboya bomuntu) ezaziwa nge-PM2.5. Lezi zinhlayiya zihlanganisa ingxube yothuli, umlotha, umsizi, ama-sulfate nama-nitrate. Ngokuvamile, yonke into ekhishwa emkhathini njalo lapho uthola ngemuva kwemoto.
Ukuthola ukuthi kungalimaza yini ubuchopho, u-Carey nethimba lakhe bahlaziya amarekhodi ezokwelapha eziguli ezingu-131 ezineminyaka engu-000 kuya ku-50 phakathi kuka-79 no-2005. NgoJanuwari 2013, akekho noyedwa wabahlanganyeli owayenomlando wokuwohloka komqondo. Abacwaningi babe sebelandelela ukuthi zingaki iziguli ezaba nokuwohloka komqondo ngesikhathi socwaningo. Ngemuva kwalokho, abacwaningi banqume ukugxila okumaphakathi konyaka kwe-PM2005 ku-2.5. Baphinde bahlola umthamo wethrafikhi, ukuba seduze kwemigwaqo emikhulu, namazinga omsindo ebusuku.
Ngemva kokuhlonza ezinye izici ezinjengokubhema, isifo sikashukela, ubudala, nobuhlanga, uCarey nethimba lakhe bathola ukuthi iziguli ezihlala ezindaweni ezinezinga eliphakeme kakhulu le-PM2.5 ingozi yokuba nokuwohloka komqondo yayiphakeme ngama-40%.kunalabo ababehlala ezindaweni ezinezinga eliphansi lalezi zinhlayiya emoyeni. Lapho abacwaningi sebeyihlolile imininingwane, bathola ukuthi ukuhlangana kwakungowohlobo olulodwa lokuwohloka komqondo: isifo i-Alzheimer's.
“Ngijabule kakhulu ngokuthi sesiqala ukubona izifundo ezinjengalezi,” kusho isazi sezifo eziwumshayabhuqe saseGeorge Washington University uMelinda Power. "Ngicabanga ukuthi lokhu kuwusizo ikakhulukazi ngoba ucwaningo lubheka amazinga omsindo ebusuku."
Lapho kunokungcola khona, kuvame ukuba nomsindo. Lokhu kuholela ochwepheshe bezifo eziwumshayabhuqe ukuba babuze ukuthi ukungcola kuyabuthinta ngempela yini ubuchopho nokuthi ingabe kuwumphumela wokuchayeka isikhathi eside emisindweni emikhulu efana nethrafikhi. Mhlawumbe abantu abasezindaweni ezinomsindo balala kancane noma bathole ingcindezi yansuku zonke. Lolu cwaningo lubheke amazinga omsindo ebusuku (lapho abantu vele besemakhaya) futhi lwathola ukuthi umsindo awunawo umthelela ekuqaleni kokuwohloka komqondo.
Ngokukadokotela wezifo eziwumshayabhuqe e-Boston University uJennifer Weve, ukusetshenziswa kwamarekhodi ezokwelapha ukuxilonga ukuwohloka komqondo kungenye yemikhawulo emikhulu ocwaningweni. Le datha ingase ingathembeki futhi ingase ibonise kuphela ukuwohloka komqondo okutholakele hhayi zonke izimo. Kungenzeka ukuthi abantu abahlala ezindaweni ezingcoliswe kakhulu kungenzeka ukuthi babe nesifo sohlangothi nesifo senhliziyo, ngakho-ke bavakashela njalo odokotela abahlola ukuwohloka komqondo kuzo.
Ukuthi ukungcoliswa komoya kungalimaza kanjani ubuchopho namanje akwaziwa, kodwa kunemibono emibili esebenzayo. Okokuqala, izinto ezingcolisa umoya zithinta imithambo yobuchopho.
“Okubi ngenhliziyo yakho ngokuvamile kuyingozi ebuchosheni bakho”Amandla athi.
Mhlawumbe lena yindlela ukungcola okuthinta ngayo ukusebenza kobuchopho nenhliziyo. Enye inkolelo-mbono ukuthi izinto ezingcolisayo zingena ebuchosheni nge-olfactory nerve futhi zidale ukuvuvukala kanye nengcindezi ye-oxidative ngqo ezicutshini.
Naphezu kwemikhawulo yalokhu kanye nocwaningo olufanayo, lolu hlobo locwaningo lubaluleke ngempela, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni lapho ingekho khona imithi engalapha lesi sifo. Uma ososayensi bengafakazela lesi sixhumanisi ngokuqinisekile, khona-ke ukuwohloka komqondo kungancishiswa ngokuthuthukisa izinga lomoya.
“Ngeke sikwazi ukukuqeda ngokuphelele ukuwohloka komqondo,” kuxwayisa u-Wev. "Kodwa okungenani singazishintsha izinombolo kancane."