Okuqukethwe
ICarrageenan iyasetshenziswa, phakathi kwezinye izinto, embonini yokudla nasembonini yezemithi. Kungukukhishwa kwe-algae ebomvu okwakubhekwa njengokuphephile ekuqaleni.
kepha kugxekwa kakhulu ngezifo ezibangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwesikhathi eside.
Thola kulesi sihloko konke mayelana nalesi sengezo sokudla, ukuthi yiziphi izinhlangano ezilawula ukudla ezicabangayo, imikhiqizo equkethe nakho konke. izingozi ze-carrageenan.
Kuyini icarrageenan?
I-Carrageenan iyisengezo sokudla esisetshenziselwa ukukhulisa umthamo wemikhiqizo enamafutha aphansi noma yokudla ngaphandle kokukhulisa inani lokudla okunempilo (1).
Lesi sithako singaba i-ejenti ye-gelling, i-stabilizer noma i-emulsifier. Kusebenza, ngokomthetho, ukuthuthukisa ukwakheka kokudla ukubenza bushelelezi futhi buhambisane ngokwengeziwe.
Njengesikhumbuzo, izinga lokusetshenziswa kwe-carrageenan lenyuke lisuka ku-5 laya ku-7% ngonyaka kusukela ngo-1973 ngenxa yokwanda kwabantu kanye nokukhula komnotho.
ICarrageenan ivela kulwelwe olubomvu olubizwa nge- “carrageenan”. Le ulwelwe ikakhulukazi atholakala eBrittany.
Ngaphezu kwezitshalo ezifunwa kakhulu futhi ezisetshenziswayo namuhla ezivela eNingizimu Melika, isifunda saseBrittany singumkhiqizi omkhulu wempuphu etholakala ngamanani amancane ekudleni okuhlukahlukene okuphekwayo eFrance.
Kungani yathathwa njengomkhiqizo uqinisekile?
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-carrageenan
Lokhu kukhishwa kwezimila zasolwandle sekuyisikhathi eside kusetshenziswa njengephephile. Ibuye isetshenziselwe ukwelapha i-bronchitis, isifo sofuba, ukukhwehlela.
Abanye abantu basebenzisa i-carrageenan ukwelapha isikhumba noma izimo zangasese. Lokhu kusetshenziswa kwasendaweni okuzungeze indunu noma ngqo esikhunjeni esithintekile.
I-Carrageenan isetshenziswa nasezintweni zokuxubha zokudla kanye nemikhiqizo eminingi yemithi. Ibuye isetshenziswe emikhiqizweni yokulahlekelwa isisindo.
Inkinga ivela ngempela ngemikhiqizo yokudla. Ngempela, umkhiqizo ophephe kakhulu ungaba i-ejenti eyingozi uma udliwe ngokweqile.
Isenzo se-carrageenan emzimbeni wakho
ICarrageenan uqobo iqukethe amakhemikhali anomthelela omubi ekusithekeni kwamathumbu (2).
Amakhemikhali akholelwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamanani amancane we-carrageenan akunamthelela esiswini. Kodwa-ke, uma ithathwa ngobuningi futhi njalo, i-carrageenan iletha amanzi amaningi emathunjini, yingakho umphumela wawo we-laxative.
Njengoba sisebenzisa i-carrageenan ngokweqile, ngoba itholakala cishe kuyo yonke imikhiqizo yabathengi, i-allergies ethile iphumela ngokungenakugwenywa.
Njengoba ezinye izinto zibucayi kunezinye, imiphumela emibi ye-carrageenan miningi. Izinga labo lobukhali futhi liyehluka kumuntu nomuntu.
Abanye abantu abacindezele ukusetshenziswa kokudla okubandayo nokunye okunjalo; babone impilo yabo ithuthuka kakhulu.
ICarrageenan ikhonjisiwe ezinhlotsheni eziningana zomdlavuza nezinkinga eziningana zokugaya ukudla.
Uhlu olungapheli lokudla oluqukethe i-carrageenan
Imikhiqizo Yokudla
Nalu uhlu lokunye ukudla okuqukethe i-carrageenan eyengeziwe:
- ubisi lukakhukhunathi,
- Ubisi lwe-alimondi,
- Ngingubisi,
- Ilayisi,
- Iyogathi,
- Ushizi,
- Uphudingi,
- Ukhilimu oyiqhwa,
- Ushokoledi wobisi,
- Ukudla okubandayo njenge-pizza,
- Amasoseji,
- Isobho nemhluzi,
- Ubhiya,
- amasoso,
- Iziphuzo zezithelo.
- Ukudla kwezilwane
Imikhiqizo epakishiwe ingase ingakhulumi ngokungezwa kwe-carrageenan noma abakhiqizi bangase bafake ushingamu kabhontshisi wesikhonyane esikhundleni sayo bebona ubungozi balesi sengezo sokudla.
Kulokhu, isisombululo esihle kunazo zonke futhi esinempilo ukuzitika ngokuzilungiselela izindlela zokupheka ezilula ukuzilungiselela.
Emikhiqizweni yezemithi nokunakekelwa kwezempilo
ICarrageenan isetshenziswa ku:
- Imikhiqizo yezimonyo ehlanganisa ama-shampoos nama-conditioner, okhilimu, ama-gel
- Ukupholisha izicathulo
- Izicishamlilo
- Ukwenza iphepha elimabile
- biotechnology
- Imithi.
EFrance i-carrageenan isetshenziselwa ukwelapha izilonda ezinamachaphazelo
Yimiphi imizimba elawula ukudla ecabanga
Impikiswano ngemiphumela eyingozi yezithasiselo zokudla ayiyintsha.
Kungashiwo, ngokwesibonelo, ngokusetshenziswa kwe-sweetener splenda yokufakelwa kwe-sucralose empilweni yomuntu, isithako esingahlotshaniswa nesifo sikashukela noma enye i-leukemia.
Mayelana necala elithile le-carrageenan, ingxoxo yaqala engxenyeni yekhulu edlule.
Umbono weKomidi Lochwepheshe Elihlangene le-FAO / WHO
Empeleni, iwukuhlanganisa ukudla okudlala izindima ezimbalwa emikhiqizweni esetshenziswayo ekhiqizwayo, ikakhulukazi njenge-thickener.
I-carrageenan eyengezelayo isohlwini “oluvame ukubhekwa njengokuphephile” (3).
Kodwa-ke, i-Joint FAO / World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives yakhipha izincomo zokugcina ngo-2007.
Ngokwalesi sincomo, lesi sithako akumele sisabalwa phakathi kwalabo abasetshenziselwa ukulungiselela ukudla kwengane. Lokhu ukugwema imiphumela emibi ezinganeni.
Ngempela, udonga lwamathumbu lwezingane luyoba yiyona nto ebhekeke kakhulu kulesi sengezo.
Lokho kwe-International Agency for Research on Cancer
Okwe-International Agency for Research on Cancer, igatsha leWorld Health Organisation (WHO); ICarrageenan iyingozi yomdlavuza womuntu, ikakhulukazi leyo yomdlavuza webele oba muncu.
Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwalesi sithako esikhishwe ku-algae obomvu uqobo kubhekwa ngabezokwelapha njengabahlaseli abasongela kakhulu abantu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, owokugcina ubelokhu azisa isikhathi eside ukuthi izifo ezingaphezu kuka-100 zokuvuvukala kwabantu azinakuhlukaniswa nokusetshenziswa okukhulu kwansuku zonke nokuphindaphindwayo kwalesi sidakamizwa.
Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwalokhu kufakwa kokudla okuhlukaniswe ngaphansi kwekhodi E407 kungumthombo obalulekile wezifo zokugaya ukudla, ngokusho kwezifundo ezilandelanayo ezenziwa ososayensi.
Njengolwazi olungeziwe, ama-carrageenans ahlukumezekile, okungukuthi ngemithamo ephansi nabomdabu bahlukaniswa nge-2B ebizwa ngokuthi "okungenzeka kube yi-carcinogenic yabantu" futhi i-3 ihlukaniswe ngokuthi "ayinakulinganiswa mayelana ne-carcinogenic yayo kubantu. »Ngezingozi ezinobuthi nomdlavuza, ikakhulukazi emathunjini yi-International Agency for Research on Cancer.
Umbono we-European Union
I-European Union igunyaza kuphela ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngethamo elincishiswe laya ku-300 mg/kg ekudleni okuthile kwezingane ezincane ezifana nojamu, ojeli nama-marmalade, ubisi oluphelelwe amanzi emzimbeni, okhilimu abangahluziwe kanye nemikhiqizo kakhilimu ovutshiwe.
Umthelela wangempela empilweni
Ngokombono ojwayelekile, ama-carrageenans anomthelela oqondile ekukhiqizeni ama-lymphocyte.
Ziphazamisa indima enkulu edlalwa ngamaseli amhlophe egazi ekubhubhiseni imizimba yangaphandle njengamagciwane noma ekwakheni amasosha omzimba.
Kodwa-ke, i-carrageenan yokudla itholakala cishe kuzo zonke izindlela zokupheka zabantu zansuku zonke ezibizwa ngokuthi yi-organic futhi ejwayelekile njengama-dessert, ama-ayisikhilimu, okhilimu, ubisi olujiyile, amasoso, amapayipi nenyama yezimboni noma ngisho nobhiya. nama-sodas.
Ngokuvamile, isithako sokudla i-E407 singethulwa ezicini ezimbili: okokuqala, kunaleso esinesisindo esiphakeme samangqamuzana esivame ukutholakala ekudleni.
Ngokuqondene neyesibili enesimo sengqamuzana elincane, yilokhu okuhlukanisa imibono yalabo nabanye; futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke okwethusa abacwaningi.
Impikiswano amashumi eminyaka
Ngokwerekhodi, kuboniswe izifundo eziningi zesayensi eziye zalandelana, izikhathi eziningana ngeminyaka yawo-1960, 1970 kanye nawo-1980 ukuthi ingozi yezempilo ikhona ngempela ngokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo etholakala ku-carrageenan (4).
Okokuqala, inani le-carrageenan elikhona emikhiqizweni eminingi yokudla lingaphezu kokwanele ukuba libangele ngokuyinhloko ukuvuvukala kwamathumbu, izilonda noma izimila eziyingozi.
Leli ngumbono kaDkt Joanne Tobacman MD, onguprofesa ohlangene wezokwelapha emitholampilo e-University of Illinois eChicago.
Ngenhlanhla, lokhu kukhishwa kwe-algae ebomvu kuyahlolwa ocwaningweni namuhla ukubona ukuthi izidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala zisebenza kanjani.
Kule ndlela yokucabanga, mhlawumbe kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi i-carrageenan ayikhawulelwanga kwizithasiselo zokudla nje.
Itholakala futhi emikhiqizweni eminingi engeyona eyokudla njengemikhiqizo yobuhle, umuthi wokuxubha amazinyo, opende noma ngisho nezinto eziqabulayo zomoya.
Isikhungo Sokulawulwa Kokudla e-United States (i-US Food and Drug Administration) siyawubona umthelela we-carrageenan ezifundweni ezahlukahlukene ezenziwayo.
Njengoba i-carrageenan inezinto ezibanga umdlavuza, uncoma ukunciphisa le nto.
Kodwa inkinga iwukuthi, asazi ngempela ukuthi sidla i-carrageenan engakanani ngosuku. Eqinisweni, lesi sengezo sitholakala kuyo yonke imikhiqizo yokudla ekhiqizwayo.
Kuyanda ukuhlangana kwemindeni yase-United States ukuze bathenge imikhiqizo yabo ngokuqondile emapulazini endawo.
Okungenani ephephile futhi enempilo, ngokungafani nemikhiqizo ethengiswa ezitolo ezinkulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlangano zabathengi eziningana zisayine izigidi zezikhalazo ukuze i-carrageenan ingafakwa ekwakhiweni kwemikhiqizo.
Ngokwolwazi olukhona, ngo-2016 izinhlangano zabathengi zilinqobile icala labo.
Isikhungo esilawula imikhiqizo ye-organic e-United States (5) sinqume ukuhoxisa i-carrageenan ekukhiqizeni okubizwa ngemikhiqizo ye-organic.
Sebenzisa emkhakheni wezokwelapha
Ngokombono wezempilo, abacwaningi bezokwelapha nodokotela njengamanje bagxile ekuqoqeni idatha ukuze baqonde kangcono ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-carrageenan, ukudla kanye nesifo samathumbu.
ICarrageenan isetshenziswa namuhla njengegciwane elwa nezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi.
Ngempela, ucwaningo oluqhamuka e-American Laboratory of Cellular Oncology eNational Carrageenan Institute eBethesda, eMaryland lukhombisile lesi sici sokulwa namagciwane obomvu ulwelwe.
Omunye umhlahlandlela wokudla okuphilayo nokuvamile nge-additive ye-E407 nangaphandle unikezwa yiCornucopia Institute.
Ukuzama izixazululo zikakhonkolo
Ithuluzi lokuthola amakhodi okudla
Ikhanda langempela kubathengi abaningi kunzima ukucacisa amagama ezithasiselo zokudla ahlala ethulwa ngamakhodi wezinombolo.
Ngempela, abantu abaningi abakwazi ukwazi uhlu lwezithako abazigwinyayo.
Kungokomnqopho wokusiza abantu ukuthi baqonde kangcono izibalo ezikhokhwayo zemikhiqizo eqediwe, isibonelo, lapho uGouget Corinne akhulula khona “Izithasiselo zokudla eziyingozi: umhlahlandlela obalulekile wokuyeka ukuzifaka ushevu” ngoMeyi 2012.
Kule ncwadi, umbhali onesipiliyoni seminyaka engaphezu kwengu-12 emkhakheni wobuthi bezithasiselo zokudla kufaka neminyaka emi-2 enikelwe ekuqhathaniseni izifundo ezahlukahlukene zomhlaba enkundleni, ukutshela konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nezithako ezingaziwa ezibhalwe ku- ukupakisha.
Ngakho-ke, ngeke zisaba khona izimfihlo noma okungenani imfihlakalo yokungashiwongo okulebulwe emikhiqizweni ethengekayo ethengiswayo izochithwa ngokukunikeza le ncwadi yomhlahlandlela (6).
Njengoba ukwazi iziteketiso zezithako zokudla sekuvele kuyisinyathelo esiya phambili ngokuba nencwadi yomhlahlandlela, kungokwemvelo kubathengi abathola izimpawu ezinjengokuphazamiseka kwesisu, isifo sohudo noma amajaqamba esiswini ukuba babe nomzwelo wokuqala wokuyeka ukuthinta ukudla okuqukethe i-carrageenan. ukufunda amalebula emikhiqizo ekhiqiziwe.
Amathiphu namasu
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-carrageenan. Zihlukile ezakhiweni zazo nasekwakhiweni kwazo kwamakhemikhali, yingakho kube khona izingxube ezintathu ze-iota, kappa ne-lambda.
Ngokuvamile, izinhlobo ezimbili zokuqala iota ne-kappa yizona ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuphekeni izindlela zokupheka. Kunoma ikuphi, isilinganiso semikhawulo esinconywayo sokusetshenziswa ngakunye kungu-2 kuya ku-10 amagremu ngekhilo.
Ngokwalo mbono, esinye sezici zalesi sithasiselo sokudla esisuselwe ku-algae obomvu ukuthi asincibiliki emanzini abandayo.
Ukwenza ukusabalalisa kwama-carrageenans kube lula, kunconywa ukuthi uchithe lesi sithako ngevolumu elincane lamanzi abilayo bese usidlulisa ngaphambi kokuwasebenzisa kulungiselelo lokupheka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, elinye iqhinga elisebenza kahle kakhulu lokulawula impuphu ye-E407 emvuleni emihle nehamba kancane ukusetshenziswa kwenhlanganisela ngesandla.
Kungaba ukuhlakanipha kuwo wonke umuntu onalezi zimpawu ukugwema ukudla okunokuxhumana nokusetshenziswa kwalesi sithako kusuka ku-algae ebomvu.
Isiphetho
Njengoba sikweluleke ngenhla, funda amalebula emikhiqizo ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokuyithenga. Yebo, akulula ukuchitha amahora ezitolo ezinkulu.
Ungakwenza lokhu ku-inthanethi ngokunethezeka kwekamelo lakho. Futhi buza umphathi wezitolo ezinkulu ojwayele ukuvakashela kuzo ngohlu lwemikhiqizo oyithengayo.
Nciphisa ngokuphawulekayo ukusetshenziswa kokudla okusetshenzisiwe.
Kuyinjabulo enkulu ukuthi sethule ubungozi be-carrageenan, lesi sithasiselo sokudla.
Thanda futhi wabelane ngendaba yethu.