Izingxenye ezimbili zakha isistimu yethu yezinzwa, isistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi kanye ne-autonomic noma i-vegetative system yezinzwa.

Isistimu yezinzwa ezilawulayo, elawula zonke izinqubo zomzimba ezenzeka ngokuzenzakalela, ihlukaniswe yaba yizinhlelo ezimbili ezinezenzo eziphikisanayo: uhlelo lwezinzwa lwe-parasympathetic nohlelo lwezinzwa oluzwelayo. Zilawula imithelela yengcindezi nokuphumula emzimbeni wethu. 

Uhlelo lwezinzwa lwe-parasympathetic lubhekele imisebenzi engazibandakanyi yomzimba, ehlose ukuthulisa imisebenzi yezinzwa zomzimba ezingazi lutho.

Ukusebenza kohlelo lwezinzwa lwe-parasympathetic kuphikisana nalokho kohlelo lokuzwelana ngokunakekela ukwehlisa ijubane lomsebenzi wesidalwa ukuze konge amandla.

Uhlelo lwe-parasympathetic lusebenza ikakhulu ekugayeni, ekukhuleni, ekuphenduleni komzimba, emithonjeni yamandla.

Heart

• Ijubane lenhliziyo nokuphefumula kanye namandla okucindezela i-atria;
• Nciphisa umfutho wegazi nge-vasodilation.

amaphaphu

• Ukufinyela kwe-bronchial kanye nokukhishwa kwe-mucus.

Ipheshana lokugaya ukudla

• Ukwanda kwamakhono emoto;
• Ukuphumula des sphincters;
• Ukukhuthazwa kwezimfihlo zokugaya ukudla.

Isambiso

• Ukuncipha.

Umfundi

• I-Myosis (i-contraction pupillaire).

Izizukulwane

• Ukwakhiwa.

acorns

• Ukukhishwa kwezindlala zamathe nezithukuthuku;
• I-Exocrine pancreas: ukugqugquzela ukukhiqizwa;
• Ama-pancreas e-Endocrine: ukugqugquzela uketshezi lwe-insulin nokuvimbela uketshezi lwe-glucagon.

Inzwa ye-pneumogastric iyinzwa ye-cranial eyehla ngesifuba bese ijoyina isisu. Le nzwa isebenza ngenxa ye-neurotransmitter ebizwa nge-acetylcholine, esebenza kuzo zonke izinzwa ezithintekayo. Yile nto edala imiphumela ye-parasympathetic.

Uhlelo lokuzwelana nohlelo lwe-parasympathetic lungalawula izitho eziningi, kanye ne:

• ukushaya kwegazi ;
• isilinganiso senhliziyo ;
• izinga lokushisa lomzimba;
• isisindo, ukugaya;
• umzimba;
• ibhalansi yamanzi ne-electrolyte;
• ukujuluka;
• ukuchama;
• ukuzikhipha;
• ukuphendula ngokocansi nezinye izinqubo.

Kumele siqaphele ngoba imisebenzi ingabuyekezwa: ukungena kohlelo lokuzwelana kukhulisa ukushaya kwenhliziyo; i-parasympathetic iyayinciphisa.

Ukuphazamiseka kwesistimu yezinzwa ezizimele kubangela ukungajwayelekile noma ukwehluleka kwemifino okuguqula izinzwa ezizimele noma izingxenye zobuchopho futhi ezingathinta noma yiluphi uhlelo emzimbeni.

Isikhathi esiningi, lezi zinhlelo ezimbili zizinzile futhi kuya ngezidingo, umsebenzi wazo ulungiswa njalo. Lezi zinhlelo ezimbili ziyathula: zisebenza ngaphandle kokwazi kwethu ngokuzimela okuphelele. Lapho imvelo iguquka ngokuzumayo noma kwenzeka into engalindelekile, eyodwa noma enye iba evelele ngokuya ngezimo futhi ukusabela okwenziwe kungabonakala.

Izimbangela ezivamile zezifo ezizimele yilezi:

• Isifo sikashukela (imbangela evame kakhulu);
• Izifo zemizwa yomngcele;
• Ukuguga;
• Isifo se-Parkinson.

Ukuphazamiseka kwemifino kuphathwa njalo ngesisekelo senkinga, uma imbangela ingekho noma ingenakwelashwa, ukwelashwa kuzogxila ekunciphiseni izimpawu.

• Ukujuluka okuncishisiwe noma cha: ukugwema izindawo ezishisayo kuyasiza, uma ukujuluka kunciphile noma kungekho;
• Ukugcinwa komchamo: uma isinye singakwazi ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile, kunganikezwa ngepayipi;
• Ukuqunjelwa: Kunconywa ukudla okuphezulu kwe-fiber. Uma ukuqunjelwa kuqhubeka, ama-enemas angadingeka.

Ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo

• Hlola izimpawu zokuphazamiseka okuzenzakalelayo, njenge-postural hypotension (umfutho wegazi kanye nesilinganiso sokushaya kwenhliziyo, i-electrocardiography: ukucacisa ukuthi izinguquko ekushayeni kwenhliziyo zivamile yini ngesikhathi sokuphefumula okujulile kanye nokuhamba kwe-Valsalva;
•  hlola abafundi ukuthola izimpendulo ezingajwayelekile noma ukungaphendulwa kwezinguquko ekukhanyeni;
•  ukuhlolwa kwamehlo: umfundi ovulekile, ongasebenzi kahle uphakamisa isilonda se-parasympathetic;
•  I-genitourinary ne-rectal reflexes: I-genitourinary engavamile kanye ne-rectal reflexes ingase ibonise ukungahambi kahle ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluzimele.

Ukuhlolwa okungeziwe

• Ukuhlolwa kwesithukuthuku: Izindlala zezithukuthuku zikhuthazwa ngama-electrode agcwele i-acetylcholine abekwe emilenzeni nasemikhondweni. Inani lezithukuthuku bese liyalinganiswa ukuthola ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwezithukuthuku kujwayelekile yini;
• Ukuvivinya itafula: bheka ukwehluka kwengcindezi yegazi nokushaya kwenhliziyo ngesikhathi sokushintsha kwesikhundla;
• Thola ukuthi ingcindezi yegazi yehluka kanjani ngesikhathi se-Valsalva maneu (zama ukuphoqa ukukhipha umoya ngaphandle kokuvumela umoya ukuthi udlule ekhaleni noma emlonyeni, okufana nokuzikhandla ngesikhathi sokunyakaza kwamathumbu).