Ukukhubazeka komntwana esibelethweni

Kuyini ukukhubazeka kokukhula esibelethweni?

«Umbungu wami mncane kakhulu: ingabe umile?»Qaphela ukuthi ungadidani umbungu ube mncane kunesilinganiso (kodwa esenza kahle kakhulu) kanye nokukhula okumile kwangempela. Ukukhula buthuntu kuphakanyiswa lapho ukufunda kwengane kungaphansi kwephesenti le-10. Ekuzalweni, lokhu kubangela a isisindo sosana esinganele uma siqhathaniswa namajika ireferensi. i ukukhula kwesikhathi se-intrauterine (RCIU) ivela ku-a inkinga yokukhulelwa okuholela ekungeneni kosayizi wengane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Amajika okukhula ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa avezwa "ngamaphesenti".

Ungahlola kanjani ukukhula kwe-fetus?

Ngokuvamile ukuphakama kwefandal kuncane kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa okwazisa umbelethisi noma udokotela, futhi kubaholele ekutheni bacele i-ultrasound. Lokhu kuhlolwa kungaxilonga inani elikhulu lokulibaziseka kokukhula kwe-intrauterine (kodwa-ke, cishe ingxenye yesithathu yama-IUGR ayitholakali kuze kube yilapho uzalwa). Ikhanda lomntwana, isisu kanye nefemur kuyalinganiswa futhi kuqhathaniswe namajika ayireferensi. Uma izilinganiso ziphakathi kwephesenti le-10 nelesi-3, ukubambezeleka kuthiwa kumaphakathi. Ngaphansi kwe-3, inzima.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound kuyaqhubeka nocwaningo lwe-placenta kanye ne-amniotic fluid. Ukuncipha kwevolumu yoketshezi kuyisici esibucayi esibonisa ukucindezeleka kwengane. I-morphology yengane ibe isicwaningwa ukuze kubhekwe ukukhubazeka okungenzeka kwengane okubangela inkinga yokukhula. Ukulawula ukushintshana phakathi kukamama nengane, kwenziwa i-doppler ye-fetus.

Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo eziningi stunting?

Izigaba ezimbili zokulibaziseka zikhona. Ezimweni ezingu-20%, kuthiwa kuvumelana noma ku-symmetrical futhi kuthinta yonke imingcele yokukhula (ikhanda, isisu kanye ne-femur). Lolu hlobo lokubambezeleka luqala ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa futhi luvame ukuphakamisa ukukhathazeka mayelana ukungavamile kofuzo.

Ezimweni ezingama-80%, ukuncipha kokukhula kubonakala sekwephuzile, ku-3rd trimester yokukhulelwa, futhi ithinta isisu kuphela. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-dyharmonious growth retardation. I-prognosis ingcono, njengoba u-50% wezingane zibamba ukuncipha kwazo kungakapheli unyaka zizelwe.

Yiziphi izimbangela zokukhubazeka kokukhula esibelethweni?

Ziningi futhi ziza ngaphansi kwezinqubo ezahlukene. I-Harmonious IUGR ibangelwa ikakhulukazi izakhi zofuzo (i-chromosomal abnormalities), ezithathelwanayo (rubella, cytomegalovirus noma toxoplasmosis), ubuthi (utshwala, ugwayi, izidakamizwa) noma izici zokwelapha (antiepileptic).

Okubizwa ngokuthi ama-RCIU disharmonious ngokuvamile kuwumphumela wezilonda ze-placenta eziholela ekwehleni kokushintshisana ngokudla okunempilo kanye nokunikezwa komoyampilo, okubalulekile ku-fetus. Njengoba umntwana "engondlekile", akasakhuli futhi alahlekelwe isisindo. Lokhu kwenzeka ku-preeclampsia, kodwa futhi lapho umama ehlushwa izifo ezithile ezingapheli: isifo sikashukela esibi kakhulu, i-lupus noma isifo sezinso. Ukukhulelwa okuningi noma okungavamile kwe-placenta noma intambo nakho kungabangela ukukhula okukhubazekile. Okokugcina, uma umama engondlekile noma ehlushwa yi-anemia enzima, kungase kuphazamise ukukhula komntwana. Nokho, ku-30% wama-IUGR, asikho isizathu esihlonziwe.

RCIU: bakhona abantu besifazane abasengozini?

Izici ezithile zibangela ukukhula okugogekile: iqiniso lokuthi umama ozozala ukhulelwe okokuqala, ukuthi unenkinga yokwakheka kwesibeletho noma mncane (<1,50 m). Iminyaka nayo ibalulekile, njengoba i-RCIU injalo kaningi ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-20 noma ngemuva kweminyaka engama-40. Izimo ezingezinhle zenhlalo-mnotho nazo zandisa ingozi. Okokugcina, isifo sikamama (isifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, isibonelo), kanye nokudla okunganele noma umlando we-IUGR nakho kungandisa ukuvela kwayo.

Ukukhula okumile: yimiphi imiphumela enganeni?

Umthelela enganeni uncike kusizathu, ukuqina kanye nosuku lokuqala kokuncipha kokukhula ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Kuba kubi nakakhulu lapho ukuzalwa kwenzeka ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Phakathi kwezinkinga ezivame kakhulu yilezi: ukuphazamiseka kwezinto eziphilayo, ukungakwazi ukumelana nezifo, ukungalawuleki kahle kwezinga lokushisa lomzimba (izingane zifudumala kabi) kanye nokwanda okungavamile kwenani lamangqamuzana abomvu egazi. Ukufa nakho kuphezulu, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezike zahlupheka ngenxa yokuntuleka komoyampilo noma ezinezifo ezimbi kakhulu noma ukukhubazeka. Uma iningi lezingane liba nokukhubazeka kokukhula, ingozi yokuba nesiqu esifushane unomphela iphindwe kasikhombisa ezinganeni ezizalwa zinokukhubazeka kwe-intrauterine.

Kwelashwa kanjani ukugogeka?

Ngeshwa, alikho ikhambi le-IUGR. Isinyathelo sokuqala kuyoba ukubeka umama, alale ngohlangothi lwesobunxele, futhi ngezindlela ezinzima lapho kuqala ukucindezeleka kwe-fetus, ukuze abelethe umntwana kusenesikhathi.

Yiziphi izinyathelo zokuphepha zokukhulelwa esikhathini esizayo?

Ingozi yokuphinda i-IUGR icishe ibe ngu-20%. Ukukugwema, ezinye izindlela zokuvimbela zinikezwa umama. Ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound kokukhula komntwana noma ukuhlolelwa umfutho wegazi ophakeme kuzoqiniswa. Esimeni se-IUGR enobuthi, umama utuswa ukuba ayeke ukusebenzisa ugwayi, utshwala noma izidakamizwa. Uma imbangela ingumsoco, ukudla kanye nokwengezwa kwamavithamini kuzobekwa. Ukwelulekwa ngokofuzo nakho kwenziwa uma kwenzeka kunokungajwayelekile kwe-chromosomal. Ngemva kokuzalwa, umama uzogonyelwa i-rubella uma engavikelekile, ukulungiselela ukukhulelwa okusha.

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