I-Quadriplegia ibonakala ngokubandakanyeka kwazo zonke izitho ezine (izitho ezimbili ezingenhla nezimbili ezingezansi). Kuchazwa ukukhubazeka kwezingalo nemilenze okubangelwa izilonda emgogodleni. I-sequelae ingabaluleka kakhulu noma ingaphansi ngokuya ngendawo yokulimala kwe-vertebral.

Imayelana nokukhubazeka kwemoto okungaba okuphelele noma okuyingxenye, okudlulayo noma okuchazayo. Lokhu kuphazamiseka kwemoto ngokuvamile kuhambisana nokuphazamiseka kwezinzwa noma ukuphazamiseka kwethoni.

I-Quadriplegia ukukhubazeka kwezitho ezingezansi nezingenhla. Lokhu kubonakala ngokungabikho kokunyakaza ngenxa yezilonda emazingeni emisipha kanye / noma ezingeni lesimiso sezinzwa esivumela ukusebenza kwazo. (1)

Umgogodla ubonakala ngenethiwekhi yemizwa yokuxhumana. Lokhu kuvumela ukudluliswa kolwazi olusuka ebuchosheni luye emilenzeni. Ngakho-ke ukulimala kwale “nethiwekhi yokuxhumana” kuholela ekunqanyulweni kokudluliselwa kolwazi. Njengoba ulwazi oludluliswayo luyimoto futhi lubucayi, lezi zilonda azigcini nje ngokuholela ekuphazamisekeni kwezimoto (ukunciphisa ukunyakaza kwemisipha, ukungabikho kokunyakaza kwemisipha, njll.) kodwa futhi nokuphazamiseka okubucayi. Le nethiwekhi yezinzwa iphinde ivumele ukulawula okuthile ezingeni le-urinary system, amathumbu noma uhlelo lwe-genito-sexual, lezi zithandwa ezingeni lomgogodla zingaholela ekungakwazini ukuzithiba, ukuphazamiseka kokuhamba, ukuphazamiseka kokumiswa, njll. (2)

I-Quadriplegia iphawulwa futhi ukuphazamiseka komlomo wesibeletho. Lokhu kuholela ekukhubazekeni kwemisipha yokuphefumula (isisu kanye ne-intercostal) okungaholela ekubeni buthakathaka kokuphefumula noma ngisho nokuphefumula. (2)

Umsuka we-quadriplegia yizilonda entanjeni yomgogodla.

Umgogodla wakhiwe 'ngomsele'. Kungaphakathi kwalo msele lapho umgogodla utholakala khona. Lo mnkantsha uyingxenye yesimiso sezinzwa esimaphakathi futhi udlala indima ebalulekile ekudluliseleni ulwazi olusuka ebuchosheni luye kuwo wonke amalungu omzimba. Lolu lwazi lungaba yimisipha, inzwa noma i-hormonal. Uma kuvela isilonda kule ngxenye yomzimba, izakhiwo zemizwa eziseduze azisakwazi ukusebenza. Ngalo mqondo, izicubu nezitho ezilawulwa yilezi zinzwa ezintula nazo ziba nokungasebenzi kahle. (1)

Lezi zilonda emgogodleni zingabangelwa ukuhlukumezeka okufana nangesikhathi sezingozi zomgwaqo. (1)

Izingozi ezihlobene nezemidlalo nazo zingaba imbangela ye-quadriplegia. Lokhu kwenzeka ikakhulukazi phakathi nokuwa okuthile, ngesikhathi sokutshuza emanzini ajulile, njll. (2)

Kwesinye isimo, ama-pathologies athile kanye nezifo ziyakwazi ukuthuthukisa i-quadriplegia engaphansi. Lokhu kunjalo ngezimila ezimbi noma ezimbi ezicindezela umgogodla.

Izifo zomgogodla womgogodla, njenge:

- i-spondylolisthesis: ukutheleleka kwediski eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ye-intervertebral (s);

- epiduritis: ukutheleleka kwezicubu ze-epidural (izicubu ezizungeze umnkantsha);

- Isifo sikaPott: ukutheleleka kwe-intervertebral okubangelwa i-bacillus ka-Koch (amagciwane abangela isifo sofuba);

- ukukhubazeka okuhlobene nokungahambi kahle kwegazi ku-cerebrospinal fluid (syringomyelia);

- i-myelitis (ukuvuvukala kwentambo yomgogodla) njenge-multiple sclerosis nayo ingumthombo wokuthuthukiswa kwe-quadriplegia. (1,2)

Okokugcina, ukuphazamiseka kokujikeleza kwegazi, njenge-epidural hematoma okubangelwa ukwelashwa ngama-anticoagulants noma ukuvela ngemva kokubhoboza i-lumbar, ngokucindezela umnkantsha, kungaba imbangela yokuthuthukiswa kokukhubazeka kwezitho ezine. (1)

Izingozi ezihambisana nokuhlukumezeka komgogodla kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-quadriplegia, ngokuvamile, izingozi zomgwaqo kanye nezingozi ezihlobene nezemidlalo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abantu abahlushwa izifo zalolu hlobo: i-spondylolisthesis, i-epiduritis noma ukutheleleka nge-bacillus ka-Koch emgogodleni, abantu abane-myelitis, izinkinga ze-vascular noma ngisho nokukhubazeka okuvimbela ukuhamba kahle koketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal, bangaphansi kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni i-quadriplegia.

Ukuxilongwa kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. I-imaging yobuchopho noma yamathambo (i-MRI = I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging) iwukuhlolwa kokuqala okunqunyiwe okufanele kwenziwe.

Ukuhlolwa kwezinhlelo ze-muscular and nervous kwenziwa ngokubhoboza i-lumbar. Lokhu kuvumela ukuqoqwa koketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal ukuze kuhlaziywe. Noma i-electromyogram (EMG), ehlaziya ukudlula kolwazi lwezinzwa phakathi kwemizwa nemisipha. (1)

Ukwelashwa kwe-quadriplegia kuncike kakhulu kumsuka wokukhubazeka.

Ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha ngokuvamile akwanele. Lokhu kukhubazeka kwezitho ezine kudinga ukuvuselelwa kwemisipha noma ngisho nokungenelela kwe-neurosurgical. (1)

Usizo lomuntu siqu luvame ukudingeka kumuntu one-quadriplegia. (2)

Njengoba kunezimo eziningi zokukhubazeka, ngakho-ke ukunakekelwa kuyehluka kuye ngezinga lomuntu oncike kuye. Umelaphi osebenza emsebenzini angase kudingeke ukuthi abambe iqhaza ekuhlumelelweni kwalesi sifundo. (4)