I-Telephora palmate (Thelephora palmata) isithombe nencazelo

I-Telephora palmate (Thelephora palmata)

:

• I-Clavaria palmata
• Ramaria palmata
• I-Merisma palmatum
• I-Phylacteria palmata
• I-Thelephora isakazeka

I-Telephora palmata (i-Thelephora palmata) uhlobo lwe-coral fungus emndenini we-telephoraceae. Imizimba yezithelo iyisikhumba futhi ifana ne-coral, inamagatsha amancane phansi, abese enwebeka njengefeni bese ehlukana abe amazinyo amaningi asicaba. Amathiphu amise okwe-wedges abamhlophe uma esemancane, kodwa abe mnyama njengoba ukhunta lukhula. Izinhlobo ezisabalele kodwa ezingajwayelekile, zitholakala e-Asia, e-Australia, e-Europe, eNyakatho Melika naseNingizimu Melika, zithela izithelo emhlabathini emahlathini ama-coniferous naxubile. I-palmate telephora, nakuba ingabhekwa njengekhowe elingavamile, nokho, ibamba iso labaqoki bamakhowe kaningi: iyazifihla kahle kakhulu ngaphansi kwendawo ezungezile.

Uhlobo lwaqala ukuchazwa ngo-1772 yisazi semvelo sase-Italy u-Giovanni Antonio Scopoli njengoClavaria palmata. U-Elias Fries wayidlulisela ohlotsheni lwe-Thelephora ngo-1821. Lolu hlobo lunamagamafana amaningana asuselwe ekudlulisweni okuningana okujwayelekile emlandweni wawo we-taxonomic, okuhlanganisa i-Ramaria, i-Merisma ne-Phylacteria.

Amanye amagama afanayo omlando: i-Merisma foetidum kanye ne-Clavaria schaefferi. Isazi se-Mycologist uChristian Hendrik Persoon sashicilela incazelo yezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ngo-1822 ezinegama elithi Thelephora palmata, kodwa njengoba leli gama selisetshenziswa kakade, liyi-homonym engekho emthethweni, futhi uhlobo oluchazwa u-Persoon manje selwaziwa ngokuthi i-Thelephora anthocephala.

Ngaphandle kokubukeka kwayo okufana nekhorali, iThelephora palmata iyisihlobo esiseduze seTerrestrial Telephora kanye neClove Telephora. I-epithet palmata ethize "iminwe" ivela kwisiLatini futhi isho "ukuba nesimo sesandla". Amagama ajwayelekile (esiNgisi) esikhunta ahlotshaniswa nephunga lawo elibabayo, elifana nephunga likagalikhi obolile. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, isikhunta sibizwa ngokuthi "i-earthfan stinking" - "fan stinky" noma "fetid false coral" - "i-coral mbumbulu enukayo". USamuel Frederick Gray, encwadini yakhe yango-1821 ethi The Natural Arrangement of British Plants, wabiza lesi sikhunta ngokuthi “indlebe yegatsha enukayo”.

U-Mordechai Cubitt Cook, isazi sezitshalo saseNgilandi kanye ne-mycologist, wathi ngo-1888: I-Telephora digitata cishe ingelinye lamakhowe adle kakhulu. Omunye usosayensi wake wathatha izibonelo ezimbalwa waya nazo ekamelweni lakhe lokulala e-Aboyne, futhi ngemva kwamahora ambalwa wethuka lapho ethola ukuthi iphunga lalibi kakhulu kunanoma yiliphi igumbi le-anatomy. Wazama ukulondoloza amasampula, kodwa iphunga lalinamandla kangangokuthi lalingenakubekezelelwa ngokuphelele waze wawagoqa ngezingqimba eziyishumi nambili zephepha eliwugqinsi lokupakisha.

Eminye imithombo ibuye iphawule iphunga elibi laleli khowa, kodwa ikhombisa ukuthi empeleni iphunga alibulali njengoba uCook alipenda.

Imvelo:

Yakha i-mycorrhiza nge-conifers. Imizimba yezithelo ikhula iyodwa, ihlakazekile noma ngamaqembu emhlabathini kokubili emahlathini ane-coniferous naxubile kanye namasimu anotshani. Ithanda inhlabathi emanzi, ivame ukumila emigwaqweni yasehlathini. Yakha imizimba yezithelo kusukela maphakathi nehlobo kuya maphakathi nekwindla.

Umzimba wesithelo I-Telephora palmatus iyinqwaba efana namakhorali egatsha izikhathi eziningi ukusuka esiqwini esiphakathi, ifinyelela ubukhulu obungu-3,5-6,5 (ngokweminye imithombo kufika ku-8) ubude futhi ububanzi. Amagatsha ayisicaba, anemifantu eqondile, egcina emiphetho emise okwesipuni noma emise okwefeni, ebonakala sengathi icushiwe. Ukuhlela okulula kakhulu kungase kubonakale. Amahlumela ekuqaleni aba mhloshana, anokhilimu, obomvana, kodwa kancane kancane aphenduka abe mpunga abe nsundu ngokunsomi ekuvuthweni. Izihloko zamagatsha, nokho, zihlala zimhlophe noma ziphaphathekile kakhulu kunezangaphansi. Izingxenye ezingezansi zinombala obomvana-obomvu, ngezansi zinsundu ngokumnyama, onsundu ngokunsundu.

Umlenze (isisekelo esivamile, okuvela kuso amagatsha) mayelana no-2 cm ubude, 0,5 cm ububanzi, angalingani, ngokuvamile ane-warty.

I-Pulp: iqinile, isikhumba, i-fibrous, insundu.

I-Hymenium (izicubu ezivundile, ezine-spore): i-amphigenic, okungukuthi, ivela kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba othelayo.

Hlonipha: kunalokho okungajabulisi, okukhumbuza i-fetid garlic, ebuye ichazwe ngokuthi "amanzi eklabishi amadala" - "iklabishi elibolile" noma "ushizi ovuthiwe" - "ushizi ovuthiwe". I-Telephora digitata ibizwe ngokuthi “ilungu lesikhunta esinuka kakhulu ehlathini.” Iphunga elibi liyaqina ngemva kokumiswa.

I-spore powder: kusukela ensundu kuya ensundu

Ngaphansi kwe-microscope: Izinhlamvu zibonakala zinsomi, i-angular, i-lobed, i-warty, nemigogodla emincane engu-0,5-1,5 µm ubude. Ubukhulu obujwayelekile bezinhlamvu eziyi-elliptical 8-12 * 7-9 microns. Aqukethe amaconsi amafutha owodwa noma amabili. I-Basidia (amaseli aphethe i-spore) angama-70-100*9-12 µm futhi ane-sterigmata engu-2-4 µm ubukhulu, 7-12 µm ubude.

Ayidleki. Ayikho idatha yobuthi.

I-Thelephora anthocephala icishe ifane ngokubukeka, kodwa iyahluka ngamagatsha abheke phezulu futhi anamathiphu ayisicaba (esikhundleni salawo afana nesipuni), kanye nokungabi nephunga elimnandi.

Izinhlobo zaseNyakatho Melika iThelephora vialis zinezinhlamvu ezincane nombala oguquguqukayo.

Izinhlobo ezimnyama ze-ramaria zibonakala ngokuthungwa okunamafutha aphansi kwe-pulp kanye neziphetho ezibukhali zamagatsha.

Lolu hlobo lutholakala e-Asia (kuhlanganise neChina, Iran, Japan, Siberia, Turkey, Vietnam), eYurophu, eNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika, okuhlanganisa iBrazil neColombia. Iphinde yabhaliswa e-Australia naseFiji.

Imizimba ethela izithelo idliwa yi-springtail, uhlobo lwe-Ceratophysella denisana.

I-mushroom iqukethe i-pigment - i-leforfic acid.

Imizimba yesithelo ye-Telephora digitata ingasetshenziselwa ukwenza amabala. Ngokuya nge-mordant esetshenzisiwe, imibala ingaba kusuka kunsundu omnyama kuye koluhlaza okumpunga okumnyama kuya kunsundu ngokuluhlaza. Ngaphandle kwe-mordant, kutholakala umbala onsundu okhanyayo.

Isithombe: Alexander, Vladimir.