Ukudla kwesiTatar

Bathi u-Auguste Escoffier waba ngowokuqala ukwethula igama elithi “ukudla kwaseTatar”. I-restaurateur efanayo, umgxeki, umbhali wezokupheka futhi, kanyekanye, "inkosi yabapheki nompheki wamakhosi." Imenyu yokudlela yakhe ehhotela iRitz manje bese kuvela izitsha ze- “tartar” - amasoso, ama-steaks, izinhlanzi, njll. Kamuva, izindlela zabo zokupheka zafakwa ezincwadini zakhe, manje ezibizwa ngokuthi ezakudala zokupheka komhlaba. Futhi noma kunjalo banokuncane okufana nokudla kwangempela kwesiTatar, cishe umhlaba wonke ubahlanganisa nakho, ungasoli nokuthi, empeleni, kufanele kube yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kuthakazelise futhi kuhluke.

Umlando

Ukudla kwanamuhla kwamaTatar kucebile kakhulu ngemikhiqizo, izitsha nezindlela zokupheka zazo, kodwa lokhu bekungenjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Iqiniso liwukuthi ezikhathini zasendulo amaTatar ayeyimizulane echitha isikhathi esiningi emikhankasweni. Yingakho isisekelo sokudla kwabo kwaba umkhiqizo owanelisa kakhulu futhi othengekayo - inyama. Inyama yehhashi, iwundlu nenyama yenkomo kwakudliwa ngokwesintu. Ayephekwa, athosiwe, abilisiwe, afakwa usawoti, ashunqiswe, omisiwe noma omisiwe. Ngamafuphi, balungiselela ukudla okumnandi namalungiselelo azokusebenzisa esikhathini esizayo. Kanye nawo, amaTatar ayethanda imikhiqizo yobisi, ayeyidla yodwa noma ayenzele iziphuzo ezibandayo (kumis) nezibiliboco (i-kruta, noma ushizi onosawoti).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenkathi behlola izindawo ezintsha, baboleke izitsha ezintsha komakhelwane babo. Ngenxa yalokho, ngesikhathi esithile kuma-dogarkhan, noma izindwangu zabo zetafula, amakhekhe kafulawa, izinhlobo ezahlukene zetiye, uju, izithelo ezomisiwe, amantongomane namajikijolo. Kamuva, lapho abakwa-nomads bokuqala beqala ukujwayela impilo yokuhlala phansi, izitsha zezinkukhu nazo zavuza ngokudla kwaseTatar, yize bengakwazanga ukuthatha indawo ekhethekile kukho. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amaTatar ngokwawo ayelima ngentshiseko rye, ukolweni, i-buckwheat, i-oats, uphizi, amabele, ayebandakanyeka ekutshaleni imifino nokufuya izinyosi, okwakukhonjiswa ngekhwalithi yokudla kwabo. Ngakho-ke, okusanhlamvu nezitsha zemifino kwavela ematafuleni abantu bendawo, okwathi kamuva kwaba yizitsha eziseceleni.

Izici

Ukudla kwamaTatar kwakhula ngokushesha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi nalesi sikhathi, yayithonywe kakhulu hhayi kuphela yimicimbi yomlando, kepha futhi nemikhuba yokupheka yomakhelwane bayo. Ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene, izitsha ezithandwayo zaseRussia, i-Udmurts, iMari, abantu base-Asia Ephakathi, ikakhulukazi amaTajik nama-Uzbeks, zaqala ukungena kuwo. Kepha lokhu akuzange kukwenze kube kubi ngokwedlulele, kunalokho, kwaceba kwaqhakaza. Ukuhlaziya ukudla kwaseTatar namuhla, singaqokomisa izici zayo eziyinhloko:

• ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwamafutha. Kusukela endulo, babezithanda izitshalo nezilwane (inyama yenkomo, iwundlu, ihhashi, amanoni ezinkukhu), kanye ne-ghee nebhotela, ababekudla okunomusa ngakho. Into ethakazelisa kakhulu ukuthi cishe akukho lutho olushintshile kusukela lapho - Ukudla kwamaTatar akunakucatshangwa namuhla ngaphandle kwamafutha, isobho elinothile nokusanhlamvu;
• ukukhishwa ngotshwala ngamabomu nezinhlobo ezithile zenyama (ingulube, uheshe kanye nenyama ye-swan) ekudleni, okungenxa yamasiko enkolo. Iqiniso ukuthi amaTatar ikakhulukazi amaSulumane;
• ukuthanda izitsha ezishisayo eziwuketshezi - isobho, umhluzi;
• kungenzeka ukupheka izitsha zikazwelonke ku-cauldron noma i-cauldron, ngenxa yendlela yokuphila yabantu bonke, ngoba yahlala isikhathi eside njengemizulane;
• inqwaba yezindlela zokupheka zokubhaka amafomu woqobo ngazo zonke izinhlobo zokugcwaliswa, okwenziwa ngokwesiko nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zetiye;
• ukusetshenziswa okulingene kwamakhowe ngenxa yezici zomlando. Ukuthambekela ekushisekeleni kwabo kuye kwabonwa eminyakeni yamuva nje, ikakhulukazi kubantu basemadolobheni;

Izindlela zokupheka eziyisisekelo:

Mhlawumbe okuvelele kokudla kwaseTatar yizinhlobonhlobo zezitsha ezimnandi nezithandekayo. Eziningi zazo zinezimpande ezinhle nomlando wazo. Ngakho-ke, iphalishi elijwayelekile lamabele lalike laba ukudla kwesiko. Futhi noma ngabe isikhathi asimi nse futhi konke kuyashintsha, uhlu lwezibiliboco zaseTatar ezidumile nezibiliboco amaTatar ngokwawo nezivakashi zawo azikashintshi. Ngokwesiko kufaka:

Amadombolo. Njengathi, amaTatar ababaza ngenhlama engenamvubelo, kepha basebenzisa inyama egayiwe nemifino njengokugcwalisa, futhi bengeza nezinhlamvu ze-hemp kubo. Esikhathini esiningi, amadombolo alungiselelwe amaholide noma izivakashi ezibalulekile.

IBelish uphaya ovulekile onenyama yedada, ilayisi no-anyanisi.

IShurpa ngumhluzi wamaTatar, empeleni ofana nesobho elinenyama, ama-noodle nemifino.

I-Azu yisitsha senyama esinemifino.

U-Eles uphaya oyindilinga ogcwele inkukhu, amazambane no-anyanisi.

I-Tatar pilaf - ilungiswe kusuka enkomeni noma emvinini embizeni ejulile enamafutha amaningi ezilwane nemifino. Kwesinye isikhathi izithelo zingangezelelwa kuwo, okunikeza ubumnandi.

I-Tutyrma isoseji eyenziwe ngokwenziwe eyenziwe nge-offal ngezinongo.

I-Chak-chak iyindlela yokuphatha inhlama yezinyosi eye yathola ukuthandwa okubanzi emhlabeni jikelele. Kubantu bendawo, ubumnandi bomshado umakoti abulethele kubo kamkhwenyana.

Chebureks othosiwe ophaya flat ngenyama, okuyinto futhi yaba isidlo kazwelonke abantu baseMongolia futhi Turkic.

I-Echpochmaki - ophaya abangunxantathu abagcwele amazambane nenyama.

I-Koimak - imvubelo yenhlama yama-pancake aphekwe kuhhavini.

I-Tunterma i-omelet eyenziwe ngofulawa noma i-semolina.

IGubadiya uphayi omude oyindilinga ogcwalisa ama-multilayer we-cottage shizi, ilayisi nezithelo ezomisiwe.

I-Ayran isiphuzo sikazwelonke, okuyiqiniso, i-katyk ehlanjululwe (umkhiqizo wobisi oluthambile).