I-lingual papillae yizinto ezisizayo olwelweni lolimi, ezinye zazo ezihilelekile ekuboneni ukunambitha. I-lingual papillae ingaba indawo yezifo ezihlukahlukene ngenxa yokungahlanzeki komlomo, noma ingaba nezilonda noma izifo ezibangelwa amanye ama-pathologies. 

I-lingual papillae yizinto ezincane zokuphumula olwelweni lolimi. Kunezinhlobo ezine ze-lingual papillae zonke ezimbozwe nge-epithelium enezingqimba eziningi (izicubu zamaseli):

• I-goblet papillae, ebizwa ngokuthi i-lingual V, inombolo 9 kuya ku-12. Ahlelwe ngokuma kuka-V phansi kolimi.
• Ama-filiform papillae amancane futhi amaningi ahlelwe ngemigqa ehambisana no-V wezilimi ngemuva kolimi. Ambozwe nge-epithelium, amanye amangqamuzana awo alayishwe i-keratin (iphrotheni yesibabule eyakha isakhi esibalulekile se-epidermis)
• I-fungiform papillae ihlakazekile phakathi kwe-filiform papillae ngemuva nasemaceleni olimi. Ngokuma kwamakhanda ezikhonkwane, aphinki kakhulu kune-filiform papillae.
• I-foliate papillae (noma i-foliaceous) itholakala phansi kolimi ekwandiseni i- lingual V. Ngendlela yamashidi, aqukethe izicubu ze-lymphoid (amaseli omzimba).

Emgqeni we-epithelial, i-goblet, i-fungiform kanye ne-foliate papillae iqukethe ama-taste receptors, abizwa nangokuthi ama-taste buds.

Indima yokunambitha

I-goblet, i-fungiform kanye ne-foliate taste buds idlala indima ekuboneni izinambitheka ezinhlanu: okumnandi, okumuncu, okubabayo, okusawoti, umami.

Ama-taste buds aqukethwe ku-taste buds anikezwe ama-surface receptors okungamaprotheni akwazi ukubopha ohlotsheni oluthile lwe-molecule. Lapho i-molecule inamathela ebusweni behlumela, isignali idluliselwa ebuchosheni obubuyisela umlayezo ozwakalayo (usawoti, umnandi, njll.) Ihlumela ngalinye lixhunywe ngentambo yendawo ethile yobuchopho ebangela ukuzwa. . kumnandi (okumnandi) noma okungajabulisi (okubabayo).

Indima ye-Physiological

Umbono wokunambitha ulawula ukudla okudlayo, uguqula indlala futhi usize ekukhetheni ukudla. Isibonelo, i-asidi nebabayo ekuqaleni imizwa engathandeki exwayisa ngokudla okunobuthi noma okonakele.

Indima yemishini

I-filiform papillae, engenawo ama-taste buds, inendima yomshini. Zakha indawo emagebhugebhu ngemuva kolimi ukuze zinciphise ukushelela kokudla ngesikhathi sokuhlafuna.

Ama-Taste buds angathambekela ekuziphatheni okuhlukahlukene kanye nama-pathologies.

Ama-pathologies ahlobene nokungahlanzeki komlomo

• Ulimi lwe-saburral lubonakala ngokuba khona kwengubo emhlophe empunga ngemuva kolimi ngenxa yokunqwabelana kwama-keratin ku-filiform papillae. Kungase kuhlotshaniswe nezifo ezihlukahlukene zendawo, zokugaya noma zesistimu.
• Ulimi olunoboya (noma olunoboya) yisimo esivamile esibangelwa ukwehluleka ukukhipha amaseli aqukethe i-keratin. Ibonakala ngokuba khona ngemuva kolimi lwemicu ensundu, ephuzi noma emhlophe. Kungase kubangele umuzwa we-impasto, ukulunywa noma ukunambitheka kwensimbi. Ukubhema, ukudakwa ngokweqile, ukuthatha ama-antibiotics noma umlomo owomile yizici ezisongelayo.

Ulimi lwendawo

Ulimi lwendawo luwukuvuvukala okungenabungozi okubonakala ngokuba khona kwezindawo zokuphuma kwe-lingual ku-dorsal kanye / noma ingxenye engemuva yolimi. Indawo nokuma kwezilonda kuyashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ulimi lwendawo lungakhula ngemithi ethile (i-corticosteroids, izidakamizwa ezilwa nomdlavuza) noma luvele ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela noma i-psoriasis.

Izilonda zomlomo we-mucosa

• I-Erythemas ububomvu obungakhula kulwelwesi lwamafinyila olimi uma kwenzeka i-Queyrat erythroplakia, ukushoda kwevithamini B12 noma ukutheleleka nge-microorganism (ikakhulukazi i-Candida yeast)
• Izilonda ziyizilonda ezikha phezulu eziphola kanzima (izilonda ezibuhlungu ezilandela imbobo noma ukulunywa, izilonda emlonyeni, njll.)
• Amabala amhlophe yizilonda eziphumela ngaphandle ezingase zikhule njengengxenye ye-leukoplakia, i-squamous cell carcinoma (isimila esibulalayo somgodi womlomo), noma i-lichen planus.
• Ama-vesicles, ama-protrusions amasayizi amancane agcwele uketshezi lwe-serous, abonwa ngesikhathi sokuvuvukala kwegciwane le-mucosa yomlomo (i-herpes, inkukhu, i-shingles, i-hand-foot-mouth syndrome)

Ukuvuvukala kwe-taste buds

• Ukuvuvukala kwezicubu ze-lymphoid eziqukethwe ku-foliate papillae kubangela ukwanda kwe-benign papillae
• Isifo se-Kawasaki ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi okuzibonakalisa ikakhulukazi njengolimi lokusajingijolo (ukuvuvukala kwe-taste buds)
• I-papillitis ukuvuvukala kwe-fungiform papillae

I-Papillae atrophy

I-Atrophy ukwehla kwezingqimba zokwakha ze-mucosa yomlomo. Iziveza ezimweni ezilandelayo:

• Ukushoda kwe-ayoni kungaholela ku-atrophy yama-taste buds ngokubukeka okubushelelezi, okucwebezelayo kwengemuva lolimi.
• I-Lichen planus ingaholela ekunyamaleni unomphela kwe-lingual papillae
• Umlomo omile

Ama-pathologies athinta ngokungaqondile indima ye-taste buds

Ama-pathologies athile aphazamisa uhlelo lokubona ukunambitheka okubandakanya ukunambitha, isimiso sezinzwa nobuchopho:

• Ukukhubazeka kobuso
• Ukuvuvukala kwenzwa yobuso
• Isimila ku-brainstem noma i-thalamus singabangela ukulahlekelwa ukunambitheka, okubizwa nangokuthi i-ageusia.

Ama-pathologies ahlobene nokungahlanzeki komlomo

Ulimi lwe-saburral nolimi olunoboya kuphathwa ngokuxubha okuvamile nokuklwetshwa okuhambisana nokusungulwa kabusha kwenhlanzeko yomlomo. Ukwelashwa kolimi olunoboya nakho kusekelwe ekususweni kwezinto eziyingozi.

Ulimi lwendawo

Uma ukuvuvukala kubuhlungu, ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kungase kucatshangelwe okuhlanganisa ukhilimu we-tacrolimus we-topical, i-corticosteroids, i-retinoids (i-topical noma yomlomo) ne-cyclosporin.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha

Lapho ukubandakanyeka kwe-papillae kubangelwa enye i-pathology, ukwelashwa kuyimbangela. Isibonelo, izifo ezinama-microorganisms ziphathwa ngama-antibiotics noma ama-antifungal wendawo. I-papillitis iphola ngokuzenzakalelayo. 

Izinzwa zokunambitha ezinempilo nezisebenzayo zihamba kuqala ngokuhlanzeka komlomo:

• Ukuxubha amazinyo ekuseni nakusihlwa 
• Ukusetshenziswa kwe-fluoride toothpaste
• Ukusetshenziswa kwentambo yokudla
• Ukuvakashela udokotela wamazinyo minyaka yonke 
• Ukudla okuhlukahlukene nokulinganisela

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunconywa ukuhlafuna ishungamu engenashukela ngemva kokudla ngakunye kanye nokugeza umlomo ngaphandle kotshwala.