Ukubonakaliswa kokuqala kwalesi sifo kuvame ukungabonakali. Iningi le eqhubekayo yomdlavuza wesikhumba ingabangeli ubuhlungu, ukulunywa noma ukopha.

I-Basal cell carcinoma

Amaphesenti angama-70 kuya kwangu-80 e-basal cell carcinoma atholakala ebusweni nasentanyeni futhi azungeze u-30% emakhaleni, okuyindawo evame kakhulu; ezinye izindawo ezivame kakhulu izihlathi, ibunzi, i-periphery yamehlo, ikakhulukazi endaweni engaphakathi.

Ibonakaliswa ngokukhethekile ngesinye noma esinye salezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• iqhubu elinombala wenyama noma elibomvana, elinengcina noma elithi “pearly” ebusweni, ezindlebeni, noma entanyeni;
• i-pink, isiqephu esibushelelezi esifubeni noma emhlane;
• isilonda esingapholi.

Kunezinhlobo ezine ezinkulu zomtholampilo ze-basal cell carcinoma:

– I-flat basal cell carcinoma noma enomngcele oyiparele

Ifomu elivame kakhulu, elakha uqweqwe oluyindilinga noma oluyindilinga, olukhula ngosayizi kancane kancane phakathi nezinyanga noma iminyaka, olubonakala ngomngcele weparele (amaparele ane-carcinomatous ayizimila ezincane zamamilimitha ambalwa ububanzi, aqinile, aguquguqukayo, ashumekwe ngaphakathi. isikhumba, esifana namaparele akhulisiwe, anezitsha ezincane.

- Nodular basal cell carcinoma

Leli fomu elivamile liphinde lakha ukukhuphuka okuguquguqukayo kokungaguquguquki okuqinile, okumhlophe kwe-waxy noma okupinki okunezitsha ezincane, ezifana namaparele achazwe ngenhla. Uma zishintsha futhi zidlula ububanzi obuyi-3-4 mm, kuvamile ukubona ukudangala phakathi nendawo, okubanika ukubonakala kwentaba-mlilo engasekho enomngcele oguquguqukayo nonamagquma. Zivame ukuba ntekenteke futhi zopha kalula.

- Superficial basal cell carcinoma

Iwukuphela kwe-basal cell carcinoma evamile esiqwini (cishe uhhafu wezigameko) nasezithweni. Yakha i-plaque ebomvana noma ebomvu yokunweba kancane kancane.

-Basal cell carcinoma scleroderma

Le basal cell carcinoma ayivamile neze ngoba imele amacala angu-2% kuphela, yakha uqweqwe olumhlophe oluphuzi, olunama-waxy, oluqinile, imingcele okunzima ukuyichaza. Ukuphindaphinda kwayo kuvame kakhulu ngoba akuvamile ukuthi ukukhishwa akwanele uma kubhekwa imingcele okunzima ukuyichaza: udokotela wesikhumba noma udokotela ohlinzayo ususa lokho akubonayo futhi ngokuvamile kuvame ukusala emaphethelweni wendawo ehlinzekiwe.

Cishe zonke izinhlobo ze-basal cell carcinoma zingathatha ukubukeka okunemibala (nsundu-mnyama) kanye nezilonda lapho zithuthukiswa. Bese zopha kalula futhi zingaqala ukucwiywa kwesikhumba kanye nezicubu ezingaphansi kwesikhumba (uqwanga, amathambo…).

I-squamous cell carcinoma

Ibonakaliswa ngokukhethekile ngesinye noma esinye salezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• ibala lesikhumba elibomvana noma elimhlophe, elimahhadla noma elomile;
• i-nodule e-pink noma emhlophe, eqinile, e-warty;
• isilonda esingapholi.

I-squamous cell carcinoma ivame ukuvela ku-actinic keratosis, isilonda esincane esimaholo uma uthintwa, esingamamilimitha ambalwa ububanzi, sibomvana noma sinsundu. I-Actinic keratoses ivame kakhulu ezindaweni ezichayeke elangeni (i-convexity yobuso, isikhumba sekhanda lamadoda anempandla, ingemuva lezandla, izingalo, njll.). Abantu abanama-actinic keratoses amaningi basengozini ecishe ibe ngu-10% yokuthola i-squamous cell carcinoma ehlaselayo ngesikhathi sokuphila kwabo. Izimpawu okufanele ziholele umuntu ukuba asole ukuguqulwa kwe-actinic keratosis ibe i-squamous cell carcinoma ukusabalala ngokushesha kwe-keratosis nokungena kwayo (uqweqwe luvuvukala futhi lungene esikhunjeni, lulahlekelwe uhlamvu lwalo oluthambile ukuze lube nzima) . Khona-ke, ingaguguleka noma imbala isilonda bese ihluma. Lokhu bese kubangela i-ulcerative squamous cell carcinoma yangempela, yakhe isimila esiqinile esinendawo engajwayelekile, eqhumile futhi enezilonda.

Ake sibale izinhlobo ezimbili ezikhethekile zomtholampilo ze-squamous cell carcinoma:

– I-Bowen's intraepidermal carcinoma: lolu uhlobo lwe-squamous cell carcinoma olukhawulelwe ku-epidermis, ungqimba olungaphezulu lwesikhumba futhi ngenxa yalokho olunengozi encane yama-metastases (imikhumbi evumela amangqamuzana omdlavuza ukuba afuduke ikwidermis, ngaphansi kwe-epidermis. imvamisa iba bomvu, isiqephu sescaly sokukhula kancane kancane, futhi kuvame emilenzeni Ukuntuleka kokuxilongwa kuholela engcupheni yokukhula ekungeneni kwe-squamous cell carcinoma.

– I-Keratoacanthoma: iyithumba elivela ngokushesha, elivamile ebusweni nangaphezulu kwesiqu, okuholela “kutamatisi ogcwale”: indawo emaphakathi enezimpondo ezinomphetho omhlophe obomvana onemikhumbi.

I-Melanoma

Ibonakaliswa ngokukhethekile ngesinye noma esinye sezibonakaliso ezilandelayo.

• imvukuzane eshintsha umbala noma ubukhulu, noma enohlaka olungajwayelekile;
• imvukuzane eyophayo noma enezindawo ezinombala obomvu, omhlophe, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-omnyama;
• izilonda ezimnyama esikhumbeni noma kulwelwesi lwamafinyila (isibonelo, ulwelwesi lwamafinyila ekhaleni noma emlonyeni).

esasizizwa. I-melanoma ingenzeka noma kuphi emzimbeni. Nokho, itholakala kaningi emhlane emadodeni, nasemlenzeni owodwa kwabesifazane.