I-spermocytogram ingenye yokuhlolwa okubalulekile ekuhloleni ukuzala kwabesilisa. Ingxenye ebalulekile yokuhlolwa kwesidoda, ihlanganisa ukubheka ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu i-morphology yezinto ezi-3 ezintathu eziyinhloko ze-spermatozoa: ikhanda, ingxenye ephakathi kanye ne-flagellum.

I-spermocytogram iwukuhlolwa okuhloselwe ukuhlaziya indlela yokuma kwesidoda, okungenye yemingcele yesidoda efundwa njengengxenye yokuhlolwa kokuzala. Ivumela ukuchaza iphesenti yamafomu ajwayelekile, okusho ukuthi i-spermatozoa ye-morphology evamile, idatha ebalulekile yokubikezela ukuchaza amathuba okukhulelwa. vivo (ukukhulelwa kwemvelo) kanye vivo. Ngakho-ke i-spermocytogram ingenye yezinto ezibalulekile zokuqondisa ukuphathwa kombhangqwana ekukhulelweni, i-classic in vitro fertilization (IVF) noma umjovo wesidoda we-intracytoplasmic (ICSI).

I-spermocytogram yenziwa ngesampula yesidoda sendoda. Ukuze kube nemiphumela ethembekile, ukuqoqwa kwesidoda kufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi kwezimo eziqinile:

• baye babona isikhathi sokuzithiba ocansini kwezinsuku ezi-2 kuya kweziyi-7, ngokusho kwezincomo ze-WHO ze-2010 (1);
• uma kwenzeka kuba nomkhuhlane, imithi, i-X-ray, ukuhlinzwa, ukuqoqwa kuzohlehliswa ngoba lezi zenzakalo zingase ziguqule okwesikhashana i-spermatogenesis.

Ukuqoqwa kwenzeka elabhorethri. Egunjini elizimele elizinikezele ngokukhethekile, ngemva kokugeza izandla ngokucophelela ne-glans, indoda iqoqa isidoda sayo ebhodleleni elingenalutho, ngemva kokushaya indlwabu.

Khona-ke isidoda sifakwa kuhhavini ngo-37 ° C imizuzu engu-30, bese kuhlaziywa imingcele ehlukahlukene yesidoda: ukugxila kwesidoda, ukuhamba kwazo, amandla abo kanye ne-morphology yabo.

Le parameter yokugcina, noma i-spermocytogram, iyisigaba eside nesinzima kunazo zonke se-spermogram. Ngaphansi kwe-microscope ye-X1000, kuma-smears angashintshi futhi anamabala, isazi sezinto eziphilayo sihlola izingxenye ezihlukene zesidoda ukuze kutholakale noma yikuphi ukungahambi kahle:

• ukungahambi kahle kwekhanda;
• okungaqondakali kwengxenye ephakathi;
• okungavamile kwe-flagellum, noma ingxenye eyinhloko.

Kusukela kulokhu kufundwa, isazi sezinto eziphilayo sizobe sesichaza iphesenti le-spermatozoa ye-morphologically noma ye-atypical, kanye nesigameko sokungajwayelekile okubonwayo. 

I-spermocytogram yenziwa njengengxenye ye-spermogram (ukuhlaziywa kwesidoda), ukuhlolwa okumiselwe amadoda ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokuzala kombhangqwana obonisana ngobunzima bokukhulelwa.

Kunezigaba ezimbili zemiphumela ye-spermocytogram: ukuhlelwa kwe-David okulungisiwe (2), isiFulentshi, nesigaba se-Kruger, samazwe ngamazwe, esituswe yi-World Health Organization (WHO). Ukuhlukaniswa okusetshenzisiwe kuzokhonjiswa emiphumeleni.

Lezi zinhlelo ezimbili zibala zonke izinto ezingavamile ezitholakala okungenani ku-100 spermatozoa, kodwa ngohlelo oluhlukile:

• Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Kruger ihlonza izigaba ezi-4 zokungaqondakali ngokulandelana kokubaluleka: okudidayo mayelana ne-acrosome (ingxenye engaphambili kwekhanda), lezo zekhanda, lezo zengxenye emaphakathi kanye nalezo ze-flagellum. Kuthatha kuphela okudidayo okukodwa kwelinye lamakilasi angu-4 ukuze isidoda sibekwe kusigaba “njengesimo esingavamile”;
• Isigaba sikaDavid esiguquliwe ihlonza okuyi-7 okudidayo kwekhanda (elide, lincane, lincane, i-microcephalic, i-macrocephalic, ikhanda eliningi, elethula i-acrosome engavamile noma engekho, eveza isisekelo esingavamile), i-anomalies engu-3 yengxenye ephakathi (ukuba khona kwensalela ye-cytoplasmic, amathumbu amancane, ama-angulated) kanye ne-5 okudidayo i-flagellum (ayikho, inqanyuliwe, igeji engajwayelekile, egoqiwe futhi ephindaphindwayo) kuthebula elifaka kabili.

Umkhawulo womumo ojwayelekile nawo uyahluka ngokuya ngezigaba ezimbili. Ngokwesigaba se-Kruger, i-sperm morphology kuthiwa ijwayelekile lapho umuntu ebheka ubukhona okungenani obu-4% besidoda esivamile, ngokumelene no-15% ngokusho kwesigaba sikaDavid esiguquliwe. Ngezansi, sikhuluma nge-teratospermia (noma i-teratozoospermia), ukungavamile kwesidoda okunganciphisa amathuba okukhulelwa.

Kodwa-ke, i-spermogram engavamile ihlale idinga ukuhlolwa kwesibili ezinyangeni ezi-3 (ubude bomjikelezo we-spermatogenesis izinsuku ezingu-74), ngoba izici eziningi (ukucindezeleka, ukutheleleka, njll.) zingashintsha okwesikhashana imingcele yesidoda.

Uma kwenzeka kuba ne-teratozoospermia eqinisekisiwe, i-IVF-ICSI (i-in vitro fertilization ngomjovo we-intracytoplasmic) ingase inikezwe umbhangqwana. Le nqubo ye-AMP ihlanganisa ukujova isidoda esisodwa, esikhethwe ngaphambili nesilungisiwe, ngqo ku-cytoplasm ye-oocyte evuthiwe.