Okuqukethwe
UMalume uFyodor nabangane bakhe abanemilenze emine, uMalysh nozakwabo owondleke ngokusesilinganisweni u-Carlson, Umka kanye nomama wakhe onesineke… Kuyafaneleka ukubukela opopayi eniyintandokazi yobungane bethu.
"Abathathu abavela eProstokvashino"
Ikhathuni yadalwa e-Soyuzmultfilm studio ngo-1984 ngokusekelwe kunoveli ka-Eduard Uspensky "Uncle Fyodor, Inja kanye Nekati". Labo abakhulela e-USSR bazobiza isimo esivamile: abazali bamatasa ngomsebenzi, ingane ishiywe yedwa ngemva kwesikole. Ingabe zikhona izikhathi ezishaqisayo kukhathuni futhi isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo yengane sizothini ngakho?
Larisa Surkova:
"Ezinganeni zaseSoviet, ingxenye enkulu yazo yayincishwe ukunakwa kwabazali (ngenani abangathanda ngayo), ikhathuni yayiqondakala kakhulu futhi ilungile. Ngakho-ke uhlelo lwakhiwe - omama baya emsebenzini ekuseni, izingane zaya ezinkulisa, ezinkulisa. Abantu abadala babengenakuzikhethela. Ngakho-ke isimo kukhathuni siboniswa esijwayelekile.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sibona umfana unina engamnaki, futhi uchitha isikhathi esiningi yedwa (ngesikhathi esifanayo, abazali, ikakhulukazi umama, babonakala beyingane ngempela). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, unethuba lokuzinika lesi sikhathi. Wenza akuthandayo, uxhumana nezilwane.
Ngicabanga ukuthi le khathuni idlale indima yohlobo lokusekela izingane zaseSoviet. Okokuqala, babebona ukuthi ababodwa kulesi simo abakuso. Futhi okwesibili, wenza kube nokwenzeka ukuqonda: akukubi kakhulu ukuba umuntu omdala, ngoba-ke izintambo zikahulumeni zisezandleni zakho futhi ungaba umholi - ngisho nephakethe elinjalo elingavamile.
Ngicabanga ukuthi izingane zanamuhla ziyibheka ngenye indlela le ndaba. Zibonakala ngokuhlolwa okujulile kwezimo eziningi. Izingane zami zihlale zibuza ukuthi abazali bomfana bakuphi, kungani bemyeke ahambe yedwa esigodini, kungani bengabuzanga amaphepha esitimeleni, njalo njalo.
Manje izingane zikhulela emkhakheni ohlukile wolwazi. Futhi opopayi abakhuluma ngeProstokvashino banikeza abazali abazalelwa eSoviet Union isizathu sokuxoxa nengane yabo ngendlela izinto ezazihluke ngayo ngokuphelele ngaphambili.”
"Ingane noCarlson Abahlala Ophahleni"
Kuqoshwe eSoyuzmultfilm ngo-1969-1970 kususelwa ku-trilogy ka-Astrid Lindgren ethi The Kid kanye noCarlson Who Lives on the Roof. Le ndaba ehlekisayo namuhla idala imizwa engqubuzanayo phakathi kwababukeli. Sibona ingane enesizungu evela emndenini omkhulu, engaqiniseki ukuthi ithandwa, futhi izithola isingumngane wokuzicabangela.
Larisa Surkova:
“Le ndaba ibonisa into evamile: kune-Carlson's syndrome, echaza yonke into eyenzekayo kuMntwana. Iminyaka eyisithupha noma eyisikhombisa ubudala besimiso esinemibandela, lapho izingane zingaba nomngane wokucabanga. Lokhu kubanika ithuba lokubhekana nokwesaba kwabo futhi babelane ngezifiso zabo nomunye umuntu.
Asikho isidingo sokwesaba futhi uqinisekise ingane ukuthi umngane wayo akekho. Kodwa akufanelekile ukudlala, ukuxhumana ngenkuthalo nokudlala nomngane ocabangayo wendodana noma indodakazi yakho, ukuphuza itiye noma "ukuxhumana" naye ngandlela-thile. Kodwa uma ingane ingakhulumi nanoma ubani ngaphandle komlingiswa oqanjiwe, lokhu kakade kuyisizathu sokubonisana nodokotela wezengqondo wengane.
Kunama-nuances amaningi ahlukene kukhathuni angacatshangelwa ngokwehlukana. Umndeni omkhulu lona, umama nobaba bayasebenza, akekho olalela i-Kid. Ezimweni ezinjalo, zibhekene nesizungu, izingane eziningi ziza nomhlaba wazo — onolimi oluhlukile nezinhlamvu.
Lapho ingane inombuthano wangempela wokuxhumana nabantu, isimo senziwa lula: abantu abaseduze naye baba abangane bakhe. Lapho sezihambile, kusala ezicatshangelwayo kuphela. Kodwa ngokuvamile lokhu kuyadlula, futhi uma sekusondele iminyaka eyisikhombisa, izingane zihlanganyela kakhulu, futhi abangane abaqanjiwe bayabashiya.
"Indlu kaKuzka"
I-Studio "Ekran" yadubula le khathuni ngo-1984 esekelwe enganekwaneni kaTatyana Alexandrova "Kuzka efulethini elisha". Intombazane uNatasha uneminyaka engu-7 ubudala, futhi unaye cishe umngane «ocatshangelwayo» — brownie Kuzya.
Larisa Surkova:
"I-Kuzya "inguqulo yasekhaya" kaCarlson. Uhlobo lomlingiswa wendabuko, oluqondakalayo futhi olusondele kuwo wonke umuntu. I-heroine ye-cartoon ineminyaka efanayo ne-Kid. Uphinde abe nomngane omcabango - umsizi kanye nozakwabo ekulweni nokwesaba.
Zombili izingane, ezivela kule khathuni nakwedlule, ngokuyinhloko zesaba ukuba zodwa ekhaya. Futhi bobabili kufanele bahlale lapho ngoba abazali babo bamatasa nomsebenzi. U-Brownie Kuzya usekela uNatasha esimweni esinzima somntwana, njengoba kwenza uCarlson noMalysh.
Ngicabanga ukuthi lena indlela enhle yokuqagela - izingane zingaveza ukwesaba kwazo kubalingiswa futhi, ngenxa yekhathuni, zihlanganyele nabo.
"Umama we-mammoth"
Ngo-1977, emayini yegolide esifundeni saseMagadan, kwatholakala isidumbu esilondoloziwe se-mammoth baby Dima (njengoba ososayensi babesibiza kanjalo). Ngenxa ye-permafrost, yalondolozwa ngokuphelele futhi yanikezwa izazi ze-paleontologist. Ngokunokwenzeka, yilokhu okutholakele okwaphefumulela umlobi weskripthi uDina Nepomniachtchi nabanye abadali bekhathuni ethathwe yi-studio ye-Ekran ngo-1981.
Indaba ngengane eyintandane eyofuna unina ngeke ishiye abantu abangenandaba ngisho nombukeli onganaki. Futhi kuhle kangakanani ukuthi ekugcineni kwekhathuni uMammoth uthola umama. Phela akwenzeki emhlabeni ukuthi izingane zilahleke...
Larisa Surkova:
“Ngicabanga ukuthi le yindaba ebaluleke kakhulu. Kuyasiza ukukhombisa uhlangothi oluphambene lwemali: akuyona yonke imindeni ephelele, futhi akuyona yonke imindeni enezingane - izihlobo, igazi.
Ikhathuni ikhombisa kahle indaba yokwamukelwa ngisho nohlobo oluthile lokubekezelelana ebudlelwaneni. Manje ngibona kuyo imininingwane ethakazelisayo engangingazange ngiyinake ngaphambili. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho ngisendleleni eKenya, ngabona ukuthi amazinyane endlovu ahamba ebambelele emsila kanina. Kuhle ukuthi kukhathuni lokhu kukhonjiswa futhi kudlalwa phezulu, kukhona uhlobo oluthile lobuqotho kulokhu.
Futhi le ndaba isekela omama. Ubani phakathi kwethu ongazange akhale ngaleli culo emacansini ezingane? I-cartoon isisiza, abesifazane abanezingane, ukuthi singakhohlwa ukuthi sidingeka futhi sithandwa kanjani, futhi lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma sikhathele, uma singenawo amandla futhi kunzima kakhulu ... «
"Umama"
Kubonakala sengathi izilwane ezincane emakhathuni aseSoviet zazinobuhlobo obungcono kakhulu nabazali bazo kunama "amawundlu omuntu". Ngakho-ke umama ka-Umka ufundisa ngokubekezela nangobuhlakani amakhono adingekayo, amculele ingoma futhi axoxele inganekwane “yenhlanzi yelanga edabukisayo”. Okusho ukuthi, inikeza amakhono adingekayo ukuze uphile, unikeza uthando lukamama futhi udlulisele ukuhlakanipha komndeni.
Larisa Surkova:
“Lena futhi indaba eqanjiwe ngobudlelwano obuhle phakathi kukamama nengane, ekhombisa izici zokuziphatha kwezingane. Izingane azilungile, zigangile. Futhi kumuntu omncane obuka le khathuni, leli yithuba lokubona ngamehlo abo ukuthi ukuziphatha okubi kungaholela kuphi. Lena indaba ecabangelayo, eqotho, ethinta inhliziyo ezothakazelisa ukuxoxa ngayo nezingane.
Yebo, inakho ukusikisela!
Emakhathuni nasezincwadini lapho izizukulwane zezingane zaseSoviet zakhula khona, ungathola izinto eziningi ezingavamile. Abazali banamuhla bavame ukukhathazeka ngokuthi izingane zingase zicasuke lapho zifunda indaba edabukisayo noma esolisayo ngokombono wamaqiniso anamuhla. Kodwa ungakhohlwa ukuthi sikhuluma ngezinganekwane, lapho kuhlale kunendawo yemihlangano. Singahlala sichazela ingane umehluko phakathi kwezwe langempela nendawo yamaphupho. Phela, izingane ziqonda kahle ukuthi "ukuzenzisa" kuyini, futhi ngobuchule zisebenzisa leli "thuluzi" emidlalweni.
"Emsebenzini wami, angizange ngihlangane nezingane ezilimele, isibonelo, ngekhathuni mayelana neProstokvashino," kuphawula uLarisa Surkova. Futhi uma ungumzali oqaphile futhi okhathazekile, sincoma ukuthi uthembele embonweni wochwepheshe, ukhululeke nengane yakho futhi ujabulele ukubuka izindaba zakho zobuntwana eziyintandokazi ndawonye.