Okuqukethwe
I-Vegetarianism uhlelo lokudla olusemfashinini, ngokusho kochwepheshe, oluthola ukuthandwa kuphela. Inamathelwa yizinkanyezi nabalandeli bazo, abasubathi abadumile nososayensi, ababhali, izimbongi kanye nodokotela imbala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphandle kwesimo sabo senhlalo nobudala. Kepha ngamunye wabo, njengabo bonke abanye abantu, kungekudala umbuzo ofanayo uyavela: "Kwaqala kanjani konke lokhu?"
Abantu bayishiya nini inyama okokuqala futhi kungani?
Ngokuphikisana nenkolelo evamile yokuthi umsuka wokudla imifino uvela eNgilandi, lapho kwethulwa igama lelo gama, lalaziwa endulo. Ukushiwo kokuqala okuqinisekisiwe kwabantu abashiya inyama ngamabomu kubuyela emuva ku-XNUMXth - XNUMXth millennium BC. Ngaleso sikhathi, lokhu kwabasiza enqubeni yokuxhumana nonkulunkulu, kanye nokwenza amasiko omlingo. Yiqiniso, kwasekuqaleni, abapristi abaphendukela ekudleni imifino. Futhi bahlala eGibhithe lasendulo.
Izazi zanamuhla zisikisela ukuthi imicabango enjalo yayibangelwa ukuvela kwesilwane konkulunkulu abaningi baseGibhithe. Kuyiqiniso, abalishiyi ngaphandle iqiniso lokuthi abaseGibhithe babekholelwa emimoyeni yezilwane ezibulewe, ezingaphazamisa izingxoxo namandla aphezulu. Kepha, noma kungaba kanjani empeleni, imifino yayikhona okungenani kubantu abaningana, yabe isizuzwa ngempumelelo ngabanye.
I-Vegetarianism eNdiya Yasendulo
Kuyaziwa ngokuthembekile ukuthi esikhathini esivela ku-XNUMXth kuya ku-XNUMXnd millennium BC, uhlelo olukhethekile lwaqala ukuvela eNdiya Yasendulo, lusiza umuntu ukuthi athuthukise hhayi kuphela ngokomoya, kepha nangokwenyama - i-hatha yoga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, omunye postulates wakhe kwaba ukwenqatshwa inyama. Vele ngoba idlulisela kumuntu zonke izifo nokuhlupheka kwesilwane esibulewe futhi ayimjabulisi. Kwakusekudleni inyama ngaleso sikhathi lapho abantu babona imbangela yolaka lomuntu nentukuthelo. Futhi ubufakazi obuhle kakhulu balokhu kwaba izinguquko ezenzeka kuwo wonke umuntu owayeshintsha ukutshala ukudla. Laba bantu baba nempilo enhle futhi baqina emoyeni.
Ukubaluleka kobuBuddha Ekuthuthukisweni Kwemifino
Ososayensi babheka ukuvela kobuBuddha njengesigaba esihlukile ekukhuleni kwemifino. Kwenzeka eminyakeni eyi-XNUMXst BC, lapho uBuddha, umsunguli wale nkolo, kanye nabalandeli bakhe, eqala ukukhuthaza ukwaliwa kwewayini nokudla kwenyama, egxeka ukubulawa kwanoma yimuphi umuntu ophilayo.
Vele, akuwona wonke amaBuddha anamuhla angadli inyama. Lokhu kuchazwa ikakhulukazi yizimo zezulu ezinzima lapho baphoqeleka ukuba baphile khona, ngokwesibonelo, uma kukhulunywa ngeTibet noma iMongolia. Kodwa-ke, bonke bayakholelwa emiyalweni kaBuddha, ngokuya ngokuthi iyiphi inyama engcolile okungafanele idliwe. Le yinyama, ekubukekeni lapho umuntu enobuhlobo obuqonde kakhulu khona. Isibonelo, uma isilwane sibulawelwe yena uqobo, ngomyalo wakhe, noma nguyena uqobo.
I-Vegetarianism eGrisi lasendulo
Kuyaziwa ukuthi uthando lokudla kwezitshalo lwazalwa lapha endulo. Isiqinisekiso esihle kakhulu salokhu yimisebenzi kaSocrates, uPlato, uPlutarch, uDiogenes nezinye izazi zefilosofi eziningi ezacabanga ngokuzithandela ngezinzuzo zokudla okunjalo. Kuyiqiniso, imicabango yesazi sefilosofi nesazi sezibalo uPythagoras ivelele ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabo. Yena, kanye nabafundi bakhe abaningi ababevela emindenini enethonya, bashintsha batshala ukudla, ngaleyo ndlela bakha i- "Society of Vegetarians" yokuqala. Vele, abantu ababebazungezile babehlala bekhathazekile ngokuthi ngabe uhlelo olusha lokudla okunempilo lungayilimaza yini impilo yabo. Kepha ngekhulu le-IV BC. e. abakwaHippocrates abadumile baphendula yonke imibuzo yabo futhi bachitha ukungabaza kwabo.
Intshisekelo yakhe yaphakanyiswa iqiniso lokuthi ngalezo zinsuku kwakunzima ukuthola ucezu olwengeziwe lwenyama, mhlawumbe kuphela ngenkathi kunikelwa onkulunkulu. Ngakho-ke, kwakungabantu abacebile ababeyidla. Abampofu, nakanjani, baba abadla inyama.
Kuyiqiniso, ochwepheshe baziqonda kahle izinzuzo ezilethwa ukudla imifino kubantu futhi bahlala bekhuluma ngakho. Bagcizelele ukuthi ukugwema inyama kuyindlela eqonde ngqo empilweni enhle, ukusetshenziswa komhlaba ngendlela efanele futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, kunciphisa udlame oluvuseleleka ngokungafanele lapho umuntu enquma ukuthatha impilo yesilwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaleso sikhathi abantu babekholelwa ebukhoneni bomphefumulo kubo nokuthi kungenzeka uthuthelwe kwenye indawo.
Ngendlela, kwakuseGrisi lasendulo lapho izimpikiswano zokuqala mayelana nokudla kwemifino zaqala ukuvela. Iqiniso ngukuthi u-Aristotle, umlandeli kaPythagoras, waphika ubukhona bemiphefumulo ezilwaneni, ngenxa yalokho wadla inyama yabo uqobo futhi weluleka abanye. Futhi umfundi wakhe, uTheophrastus, wayehlala ephikisana naye, ekhomba ukuthi laba bayakwazi ukuzwa ubuhlungu, ngakho-ke, banemizwa nomphefumulo.
UbuKrestu nokudla imifino
Ngenkathi isungulwa, imibono ngalolu hlelo lokudla yayiphikisana. Zigwebele wena ngokwakho: ngokwezimfundiso zobuKristu, izilwane azinayo imiphefumulo, ngakho-ke zingadliwa ngokuphepha. Ngasikhathi sinye, abantu abanikele izimpilo zabo esontweni nakuNkulunkulu, ngokungazi bathambekele ekudleni kwezitshalo, ngoba akunikeli ekubonakalisweni kwezinkanuko.
Kuyiqiniso, sekuvele ngekhulu le-1000 AD, lapho ukuthandwa kobuKristu kuqala ukukhula, wonke umuntu wakhumbula u-Aristotle ngezimpikiswano zakhe ezithanda inyama futhi waqala ukuyisebenzisela ukudla. Ekugcineni, kwaphela ukuba yisabelo sabacebile, esasisekelwa ngokuphelele yisonto. Labo ababengacabangi kanjalo bagcina besengozini yokuQulwa Kwamacala Ezihlubuki. Akudingeki ukuthi kushiwo, kunezinkulungwane zabantu abadla imifino yangempela phakathi kwabo. Futhi kwahlala cishe iminyaka engama-400 - kusuka ku-1400 kuya ku-XNUMX AD. e.
Ngubani omunye owayedla imifino
- Ama-Inca asendulo, anendlela yokuphila isasithakazelisa kakhulu kwabaningi.
- AmaRoma asendulo esikhathini sokuqala kwerepabhulikhi, abaze athuthukisa nesayensi yokudla, kepha, yenzelwe abantu abacebile.
- AmaTao aseChina Yasendulo.
- AbaseSpartan ababehlala ezimweni zokuzincisha okuphelele, kepha ngesikhathi esifanayo babedume ngamandla abo nokukhuthazela.
Futhi lolu akulona uhlu oluphelele. Kuyaziwa ngokuthembekile ukuthi omunye wama-caliph wokuqala, ngemuva kukaMuhammad, wanxusa abafundi bakhe ukuthi badele inyama bangaphenduli izisu zabo zibe ngamathuna ezilwane ezibulewe. Kukhona izitatimende ngesidingo sokudla ukudla kwezitshalo eBhayibhelini, encwadini kaGenesise.
Renaissance
Kungabizwa ngokuphepha ngokuthi inkathi yokuvuselelwa kwemifino. Ngempela, ekuqaleni kweNkathi Ephakathi, isintu samkhohlwa. Kamuva, omunye wabamele bayo ababegqame kakhulu kwakunguLeonardo da Vinci. Wayecabanga ukuthi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, ukubulawa kwezilwane ezingenacala kuzophathwa ngendlela efanayo nokubulawa komuntu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uGassendi, isazi sefilosofi esingumFulentshi, uthe ukudla inyama akuyona into eyejwayelekile kubantu, futhi esekela umbono wakhe wachaza ukwakheka kwamazinyo, wagxila ekutheni akuhloselwe ukuhlafuna inyama.
UJ. Ray, usosayensi waseNgilandi, wabhala ukuthi ukudla kwenyama akulethi mandla. Futhi umbhali omkhulu waseNgilandi uThomas Tryon wadlulela phambili, wathi emakhasini encwadi yakhe ethi "The Way to Health" ukuthi inyama iyimbangela yezifo eziningi. Kungenxa yokuthi izilwane uqobo lwazo, ezikhona ezimeni ezinzima, ziyahlupheka kuzo, bese zizidlulisela kubantu ngokungazikhetheli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, waphikelela ekutheni ukuthatha impilo yanoma isiphi isidalwa ngenxa yokudla akusizi ngalutho.
Kuyiqiniso, naphezu kwazo zonke lezi zimpikiswano, babengekho abaningi kangako ababefuna ukudela inyama bethande ukudla kwezitshalo. Kepha konke kwashintsha phakathi nekhulu le-XNUMXth.
Isigaba esisha ekukhuleni kwemifino
Kwakungalesi sikhathi lapho uhlelo lokudla kwemfashini lwaqala ukuthola ukuthandwa kwalo. AbaseBrithani badlala indima ebalulekile kulokhu. Amahemuhemu athi bamlethele eNdiya, ikoloni labo, kanye nenkolo yamaVeda. Njengayo yonke into esempumalanga, ngokushesha yaqala ukuthola uhlamvu oluningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinto zibe nomthelela kulokhu.
Ngo-1842, igama elithi “imifino“Ngenxa yemizamo yabasunguli beBritish Vegetarian Society eManchester. Wazalwa ngegama elivele likhona lesiLatini elithi “vegetus”, elihunyushwa ngokuthi lisho “okusha, okunamandla, okunempilo.” Ngaphezu kwalokho, bekungokomfanekiso, ngoba ngomsindo wayo bekufana "nemifino" - "imifino". Futhi ngaphambi kwalokho, uhlelo lokudla olwaziwayo lwalubizwa nje nge- “Indian”.
Kusukela eNgilandi, yasakazekela kulo lonke elaseYurophu naseMelika. Lokhu kwakubangelwa kakhulu isifiso sokuyeka ukubulala ukuze sidle. Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kwabanye abahlaziyi bezombangazwe, inkinga yezomnotho, eyaholela ekukhuphukeni kwentengo yemikhiqizo yenyama, yadlala indima ebalulekile lapha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abantu abadumile besikhathi sabo bakhuluma ngokuthanda imifino.
USchopenhauer uthe abantu abaguqula ngamabomu ukudla kokutshala banemikhuba ephakeme yokuziphatha. Futhi uBernard Shaw wayekholelwa ukuthi uziphatha njengomuntu ohloniphekile, enqaba ukudla inyama yezilwane ezingenacala.
Ukuvela kwemifino eRussia
U-Leo Tolstoy wenze umnikelo omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni lolu hlelo lokudla ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Naye uqobo wadela inyama emuva ngo-1885 ngemuva kokuhlangana noWilliam Frey, owamfakazela ukuthi umzimba womuntu awuklanyelwanga ukugaya ukudla okunzima kangako. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ezinye zezingane zakhe zisize ekukhuthazeni ukungadli inyama. Ngenxa yalokhu, eminyakeni eminingana kamuva eRussia, baqala ukunikeza izinkulumo ngezinzuzo zokudla imifino kuphela futhi babamba izingqungquthela zegama elifanayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uTolstoy wasiza ukuthuthukiswa kwemifino hhayi ngezwi kuphela, kodwa nangesenzo. Wabhala ngakho ezincwadini, wavula izikhungo zezemfundo zezingane namakhekhe abantu ngokudla okuvamile kwemifino kubantu abaswele.
Ngo-1901, umphakathi wokuqala wabantu abadla imifino wavela eSt. Ngalesi sikhathi, kwaqala umsebenzi wokufundisa osebenzayo, olandelwa ukuvela kwamakhekhe okudla okudla okugcwele ngokuphelele. Omunye wabo wayeseMoscow kuNikitsky Boulevard.
Ngemuva kwe-Revolution ka-Okthoba, ukungadli imifino kwavinjelwa, kepha ngemuva kwamashumi ambalwa eminyaka kwavuselelwa futhi. Kuyaziwa ukuthi namuhla kunabantu abadla inyama abangaphezu kwezigidigidi ezi-1 emhlabeni, abasamemezela ngezinzuzo zayo esidlangalaleni, bezama ukuyenza ithandwe futhi, ngalokho, basindise izimpilo zezilwane ezingenacala.
Inqubo yokuthuthuka nokwakhiwa kokudla imifino ibuyela emuva ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka edlule. Kwakunezikhathi kuwo lapho kwakusezingeni eliphakeme lokuthandwa noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ekukhohliwe, kepha, naphezu kwazo, iyaqhubeka nokuba khona futhi ithola abathandekayo bayo emhlabeni wonke. Phakathi kosaziwayo nabalandeli babo, abasubathi, ososayensi, ababhali, izimbongi kanye nabantu abajwayelekile.