Okuqukethwe
Ingxibongo, iyini?
Ingxibongo yisifo esithathelwana kakhulu futhi sisakazeka sisuka kumuntu siye komunye ngokushesha okukhulu. Lesi sifo sesiqediwe, ngenxa yomuthi wokugoma osebenzayo, kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-80s.
Incazelo Yengxibongo
Ingxibongo yisifo esibangelwa igciwane: i-variola virus. Kuyisifo esithathelwana kakhulu ukudluliswa kwaso kusuka kwesinye isiguli kuya kwesinye kushesha kakhulu.
Lokhu kutheleleka kubangela, ezimweni eziningi, ukushisa noma ukuqubuka kwesikhumba.
Ezimweni ezi-3 kwezingu-10, ingxibongo iholela ekufeni kwesiguli. Ezigulini ezisinda kulokhu kutheleleka, imiphumela yesikhathi eside ifana nezibazi zesikhumba eziqhubekayo. Lezi zibazi zibonakala ikakhulukazi ebusweni futhi zingaba nomthelela ekuboneni komuntu ngamunye.
Ngenxa yokwakhiwa komuthi wokugoma osebenzayo, I-Smallpox ibiyisifo esithathelwanayo esaqedwa kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-80s. Noma kunjalo, ucwaningo luyaqhubeka ukuze kutholwe izixazululo ezintsha mayelana nemithi yokugoma yokwelapha, imithi yokwelapha noma izindlela zokuxilonga.
Isigameko sokugcina sokutheleleka kwengxibongo yemvelo kwaba ngo-1977. Igciwane laqedwa. Njengamanje, abukho ukutheleleka kwemvelo okuhlonziwe emhlabeni.
Nakuba leli gciwane liye laqedwa, izinhlobo ezithile zegciwane le-variola zigcinwa elabhorethri, okuvumela ucwaningo ukuba luthuthukiswe.
Izimbangela zeNgxibongo
Ingxibongo ibangelwa igciwane: i-variola virus.
Leli gciwane, elikhona emhlabeni wonke, kodwa seliqedwe kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-80s.
Ukutheleleka ngegciwane lengxibongo kuyathathelana kakhulu futhi kusakazeka ngokushesha ukusuka kumuntu kuye komunye. Ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngokudluliselwa kwamaconsi nezinhlayiyana zisuka kumuntu onegciwane ziye kumuntu ophile kahle. Ngalo mqondo, ukusuleleka kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ngokuthimula, ukukhwehlela noma ngokuphathwa.
Obani abathintekayo ngeNgxibongo?
Noma ubani angathinteka ekuthuthukiseni ukutheleleka kwe-variola virus. Kodwa ukuqeda leli gciwane kusho ukuthi abukho ubungozi bokuthola isifo esinjalo.
Ukugoma okuvimbelayo nokho kunconywa kabanzi ukuze kugwenywe ubungozi ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kanye nezinkinga ezingenzeka zesifo
Ingxibongo isifo esingabulala. Ngenani lokufa elilinganiselwa kwabathathu kwabayishumi.
Ngokwesimo sokusinda, isiguli noma kunjalo singaveza izibazi zesikhumba zesikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi ebusweni futhi ezingaphazamisa umbono.
Izimpawu zeNgxibongo
Izimpawu ezihambisana nengxibongo zivame ukuvela ezinsukwini eziyi-12 kuya kweziyi-14 ngemuva kokutheleleka ngegciwane.
Izimpawu zomtholampilo ezihlotshaniswa kakhulu yilezi:
- isimo somkhuhlane
- we izinhlungu zekhanda (ikhanda elibuhlungu)
- isiyezi nokuquleka
- ukuhlungu obusemhlane
- isimo sokukhathala okukhulu
- ubuhlungu besisu, ubuhlungu besisu noma ngisho nokuhlanza.
Ngenxa yalezi zimpawu zokuqala, kuvela ukuqubuka kwesikhumba. Lokhu ikakhulukazi ebusweni, bese kuba sezandleni, ezingalweni futhi mhlawumbe esiqwini.
Izingozi zengxibongo
Isici esikhulu sengcuphe yengxibongo lapho kuthintwa khona igciwane le-variola, ngenkathi lingagonywanga. Ukutheleleka kubaluleke kakhulu, ukuthintana nomuntu onegciwane nakho kuyingozi enkulu.
Indlela yokuvimbela ingxibongo?
Njengoba igciwane le-variola seliqedwe kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-80s, ukugoma kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela lesi sifo.
Indlela yokwelapha iNgxibongo?
Akukho ukwelashwa kwengxibongo okukhona njengamanje. Umgomo wokuvimbela kuphela osebenzayo futhi unconywa kakhulu ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yokutheleleka ngegciwane le-variola. Ucwaningo luyaqhubeka esimweni sokutholakala kokwelashwa okusha, uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka okusha.