Ibhande lehlombe lakhiwa ngamathambo ahlanganisa amahlombe esiqwini: ngakho-ke kufaka phakathi i-scapula (scapula) kanye ne-clavicle. Leli qoqo lamathambo lisebenza njengesinamathiselo emlenzeni ongaphezulu. Ngakho-ke, ibhande lehlombe libamba iqhaza ekunyakazeni kwezitho ezingenhla ngokubanikeza ukuhamba kwabo.

Lesi sakhiwo esixhumanisa ingalo nesiqu sinenkululeko enkulu yokuhamba. Kufana nokuthi "kubekwe" ku-thorax, i-collarbone iphambili, i-scapula ingemuva. Eqinisweni, ukuhlangana kahle kwehlombe kudinga ukuzimela okuhambisanayo kokuhamba phakathi kwe-scapula nengalo. 

«Kungenxa yebhande lehlombe lapho abantu bekwazi ukwenza ukunyakaza okuyinkimbinkimbi, njengokugibela, ukukhasa noma ukulenga ezihlahleni! ” ibonisa i-Futura-Sciences, iwebhusayithi eyireferensi enikelwe imibuzo yesayensi.

Ngempela, leli bhande eliwumbukwane lakhiwe ngamathambo axhumanisa amahlombe nesiqu. Ngakho-ke yakhiwa i-scapula (noma i-scapula) nokhololo.

Umsuka we-etymological wegama elithi "i-scapular“Ingabe igama lesiLatini”isikhafuOkuchaza "ihlombe“. Ngenkululeko enkulu yokuhamba, ibhande lehlombe libonakala ngathi "libekwe" ku-thorax. I-collarbone ibekwe phambili futhi i-scapula ingemuva.

Yini i-clavicle?

Kuyithambo elide elinemikhawulo emibili kanye nobuso obubili: ubuso obungenhla bushelelezi, bunikeza ukufakwa emsipheni we-trapezius kanye nemisipha ye-deltoid, ubuso obungezansi bunzima futhi bunama-tubercles.

Yini i-scapula?

Ebizwa nangokuthi i-scapula, inokwakheka kukanxantathu onobuso obubili, ubuso bangaphambili biconcave ngaphambili, nobuso obungemuva buhlukaniswe kabili ngomgogodla we-scapula.

Ngokuqondile, leli sethi lamathambo elenza ibhande le-scapular lenziwe, ngakolunye uhlangothi, yi-clavicle, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ku-scapula, yi-acromion (igama lengxenye yethambo le-scapula elenza Ukuphuma kwamathambo aphezulu nangaphezulu) nangomgogodla we-scapula (umqolo ohamba eceleni ngasengxenyeni engemuva yaleli thambo).

Umsebenzi waleli bhande lehlombe ukukhonza njengesinamathiselo esitho sangaphezulu, ingalo. Ngakho-ke yakha isikhungo esibalulekile sokuhamba esisezingeni lehlombe. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlangana kahle kwehlombe kudinga ukuzimela okuhambisanayo kokuhamba phakathi kwe-scapula nengalo.

Imisipha yebhande lehlombe, empeleni, inomsebenzi wokuzinzisa, isimo senkululeko yokuhamba kwengalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele wazi ukuthi i-clavicle isebenza ikakhulukazi ekucingeni, okusho ukuthi “qu'ukuzeIdlulisa umthwalo kusuka ezingalweni ezingenhla uye emathanjeni e-axial ngokusebenzisa i-axis yawo enkulu“, Ikhombisa udaba lwesayensi olushicilelwe nguJean-Luc Voisin, udokotela ku-paleontology yabantu. 

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubonakala sengathi kuyadingeka ukugcina ukuzimela okuhlobene phakathi kwebhande lehlombe kanye nelomlomo wesibeletho: ukuhamba kwalokhu okugcina, empeleni, kuvame ukukhawulwa ukungezwani kwemisipha yehlombe.

Ekugcineni, ibhande lehlombe lizungeza uzungeze mpo ekugcineni kokhololo. Ngakho-ke ihlombe liphenduka libe yinkimbinkimbi ethile yokwakheka, enamalungu amaningana angenelela ekuhlanganiseni ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwengalo.

Okungahambi kahle okuningi noma izifo kungathinta ibhande lehlombe futhi ikakhulukazi:

• i-malposition: ezindaweni ezingalingani zebhande lehlombe, liphakama kakhulu futhi liya phambili. Lokhu kungenxa yokungezwani okweqile kuma-pectorals, trapezius ephezulu kanye / noma latissimus dorsi;
• i-osteoarthritis: lolu hlobo lwezifo aluvamile ebhandeni lehlombe;
• i-periarthritis: kaningi, zingakhubaza kakhulu. Bonke ubuhlungu obutholakala kule ndawo yehlombe bubizwa nangokuthi i-scapulalgia;
• tendonitis: zingakhawulela ukunyakaza okuthile;
• izilonda: izilonda, okuvame ukwenzeka, kwenkimbinkimbi ye-articular emelwe ibhande lehlombe ifaka ukuphuka kwanoma yiliphi ithambo elihlobene nehlombe noma i-scapula.

Ukwelashwa kokungasebenzi kahle kwebhande lehlombe futhi ikakhulukazi izilonda zalo ngokuyisisekelo kusekelwe ekuzivocavoca umzimba okuguquliwe, okuhlose ukusimamisa nokuqinisa leli bhande, ngenxa yokungenelela kochwepheshe be-physiotherapy.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, maqondana nokukhubaza i-scapulalgia, abaphathi baningi futhi bafaka:

• ukuthatha izidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala (ama-NSAID) nama-analgesics: lokhu kuhloselwe ukudambisa izinhlungu nokunciphisa ukuvuvukala;
• imijovo ye-cortisone esiza ukulwa nokuvuvukala;
• izikhathi ze-physiotherapy ziyadingeka uma kwenzeka ukwehla kokunyakaza.

Uma ukwelashwa okunjalo kungasebenzi, kungacatshangelwa ukuhlinzwa, okuzolandelwa nokuvuselelwa kwehlombe.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-pathology ehlobene nebhande lehlombe futhi ikakhulukazi i-scapulalgia, kuncoma ukwenza lokhu:

• ukuhlolwa komtholampilo: ngokuhlola ukuhamba kwehlombe, ngokukugqugquzela ngendlela esebenzayo kanye nokwenziwa, ngokuchaza izindawo zobuhlungu kanye nobukhulu bezinhlungu;
• ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging yezokwelapha uma kunesidingo, njenge: i-x-ray yehlombe, i-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) noma i-ultrasound;
• ukuhlolwa kwegazi: kwenza kube nokwenzeka ikakhulukazi ukuqinisekisa isici sokuvuvukala;
• i-electromyogram: lokhu kuhlolwa kuhlola ukusebenza kwezinzwa ze-thoracic eziphakeme kakhulu nezinde ezimweni zokucindezelwa. Eqinisweni, i-electromyogram ivumela ukuhlaziywa kwemizwa yezinzwa ezimotweni zezinzwa nezemizwa kanye nasemisipheni.

Ukuhlanganiswa okuphathelene nokuvela kwe-morphology ye-clavicle ngaphakathi kohlobo Homo, oholwa yithimba likaJean-Luc Voisin, udokotela we-paleontology yabantu eParis Natural History Museum, uveze imiphumela yokwakhiwa nokusebenza kwale morphology ebhande lehlombe. 

Ezinkawini ezinkulu, izici ezikhethekile ze-clavicular zenze ukuthi kube lula ukwandisa ukunyakaza kwe-pendulum, ikakhulukazi ku-ribbon. Ngakho-ke, i-clavicular morphology iyisici sezinkawu ezinkulu: i-clavicle yabo iveza ukuphambuka (okungukuthi ukuguqulwa kwesimo) ngama-curvature amabili. Lezi zinhlobo, ngaphezu kwalokho, zibonakala nge-scapula ephezulu kanye ne-dorsal maqondana nesifuba, okuvumela ukunyakaza okumisiwe nokunyakaza phansi. 

Ukuphuma kwekhanda ngale kwamahlombe

Umuntu, ngokwengxenye yakhe, ubonakala ngokuvela "kwe-cervico-cephalic", uma kuqhathaniswa nezinkawu ezinkulu: ngakho-ke, uphinde akhombise i-athikili kaJean-Luc Voisin, "intamo ikhula ngokuphakama okwenza ikhanda liphume emahlombe“. Futhi, ngokusho kososayensi uSakka, le ntoehambisana nokwehla kwebhande lehlombe eceleni kwesifuba “. Ekugcineni, “ukwehla kwebhande lehlombe kubantu, uma kuqhathaniswa nalokho kwezinkawu ezinkulu, bekungachaza ubukhona begobolondo elilodwa eliphansiI-clavicle yomuntu ngokuqhathanisa nobukhona bokugoba okuphezulu nangaphansi kwamanye ama-primates.

I-Morphology ehlobene ne-bipedalism

Ekugcineni, kubonakala sengathi “i-clavicular morphology yabantu iyindlela yokuzivumelanisa ne-bipedalism ngoba ivumela ukugcinwa kwemishini kwehlombe endaweni emi, okungukuthi ngenani eliphansi lamandla", Uyanezela uJean-Luc Voisin.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uyanezela "quun i-clavicular morphology yesimanje yomuntu ngokubuka okuphakeme yavela ngokushesha emlandweni wesintu: ngokushesha nje lapho i-bipedalism iba namandla futhi isandla sakhululeka ezinkingeni ze-locomotor".

I-bipedalism, ebantwini: isinyathelo esikhulu emlandweni wokuvela kwayo, imiphumela yayo, nanamuhla, isihloko sophenyo oluningi lwesayensi.