Okuqukethwe
- Ingabe umnikelo wesidoda kufanele uhlale ungaziwa?
- Abantu abadala abaningi ngokwengeziwe abazalwa ngokunikelwa kwesidoda okungaziwa bafuna ukufinyelela kumsuka wabo enkantolo. Ucabangani ngaleli bhizinisi?
- Uyakuqonda ukuthi abantu abazalwa ngokunikelwa kwesidoda bafisa ukwazi ukuthi ungubani ubaba wabo obazalayo?
- Kungaba yini imiphumela yokususa igama lokungaziwa?
- EFrance, uyini umbono wabalingisi abathintekayo?
Ingabe umnikelo wesidoda kufanele uhlale ungaziwa?
Abantu abadala abaningi ngokwengeziwe abazalwa ngokunikelwa kwesidoda okungaziwa bafuna ukufinyelela kumsuka wabo enkantolo. Ucabangani ngaleli bhizinisi?
U-Pierre Jouannet: Impikiswano ezungezileukungaziwa kokunikela ngesidoda akukusha. Kodwa eminyakeni yamuva nje kuye kwathatha esinye isici ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo komphakathi, imikhuba yomkhaya, kanye nentuthukoizingane ezizalwa ngokusizwa ukuzala zifinyelela ebudaleni. Imibhangqwana yobulili obufanayo inelungelo lokuba abazali ngokutholwa, futhi lokhu kusengashintsha ngokubuyekezwa kwemithetho ye-bioethics, ephathelene nokuzalanisa okusizwa kwabashadile, okuzokwenza umehluko. Okuqinisekileyo ukuthi akukhona ngodokotela ukuthi anqume ukuthi umnikelo wesidoda kufanele uhlale ungaziwa noma cha. Kuyisinqumo somphakathi, ukukhetha okuyisisekelo kwezimiso zokuziphatha. Kodwa-ke, isinqumo esinjalo asikwazi ukuthathwa ngaphandle kokucabanga ngezinkinga nemiphumela. Namuhla, impikiswano isalokhu ikhulu kakhulu kurejista yemizwa nozwelo.
Uyakuqonda ukuthi abantu abazalwa ngokunikelwa kwesidoda bafisa ukwazi ukuthi ungubani ubaba wabo obazalayo?
PJ: Kusemthethweni ukuthi ngesinye isikhathi ufuna ukwazi ukuthi ungubani ubaba wakho. Njengodokotela, ehlangane nentsha eningi ekhulelwa ngu umnikelo wesidoda futhi ababefuna ukuyekwa kokungaziwa, ngingakutshela ukuthi lesi sicelo sivame ukuxhunyaniswa ne ubunzima bomuntu siqu. Kungaba ngezinkinga zobudlelwano nobaba kodwa kuphinde kube nendlela le ntsha efunde ngayo ukuthi yakhulelwa kanjani. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho izambulo zenziwa phakathi nezingxabano noma ukushaqeka okukhulu ngokomzwelo noma lapho sekwephuze kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi abazali abakwazi ukuphatha kahle ulwazi lwendlela yokukhulelwa, ngoba bona ngokwabo bakuthola kunzima ukubhekana nalesi simo. Yilokhu okufanele amaqembu ezokwelapha asebenze kukho. Sengathi lezi zingane zingalwazi udaba lwazo, kukho konke obala, ukuthi azikho izithiyo, ukuthi bazi ukuthi bakhulelwa ngokunikela ngesidoda futhi baqonde ukuthi kungani. Ezimweni lapho izinto zibahambela kahle abazali babo, laba bantu abadala abavamile ukuthola omunye ubaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lona kanye igama elithi “baba” elisetshenziswe lapho kuhlotshaniswa nomnikeli likulondoloza ukudideka.
Kungaba yini imiphumela yokususa igama lokungaziwa?
PJ: Mhlawumbe a ukwehla kwenani leminikelo, kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke kwakungakwenza vimbela abazali bakusasa ekusebenziseni umnikelo wesidoda. Yilokhu okwenzeka ku Sweden, Lapho i- Ukunikela ngesidoda akusasaziwa - yizwe lokuqala e-Europe ukwesula ukungaziwa komnikelo we-gamete eminyakeni engamashumi amabili nanhlanu edlule. Imibhangqwana eminingi yaseSweden ilahle ithemba ekubeni abazali noma yaphendukela emabhange esidoda angaziwa kwamanye amazwe. Namuhla, kulandela imikhankaso yolwazi, sithole abaxhasi. Yini eshayayo Sweden, yilokho'ayikho ingane eke yafuna ukuthola umazisi onikelayo kwazise umthetho uyakuvumela. Ungasichaza kanjani lesi simo? Olunye ucwaningo luthi inani lemibhangqwana yaseSweden elazisa izingane ngokukhulelwa kwazo liphansi. Lena enye yezingxabano zabamelene nokuphakanyiswa kokungaziwa. Uma umnikelo ungasekho ongaziwa, ungase ukhuthaze ukuba yimfihlo. Nakuba ukungaziwa kuzothuthukisa ulwazi lwezingane.
EFrance, uyini umbono wabalingisi abathintekayo?
PJ: E-France, ngeshwa asinalo ucwaningo lokulandelela. Ngokusho komsebenzi we-CECOS, namuhla i Iningi labazali bangomuso abake baba nengane ngemva kokunikelwa kwesidoda, cabangela ukwazisa indlela yalo yokukhulelwa, kodwa iningi lingathanda ukunakekela iukungaziwa komnikeli. Izifundo kwamanye amazwe zabantu abacela ukufinyelela kubunikazi babanikeli kufanele zibhekane namaqiniso. Abafuni nje ucezu olungekho lwendida. Endaweni ethile, balindele okungaphezu kwalokho, bafuna ukwenza uxhumano. Inkinga : injani isibopho esingakhiwa phakathi komnikeli nengane? Ubani ozombandakanya ngaphandle komnikeli?
E-United States, amawebhusayithi avumela bonke abantu abakhuleliswe ngesidoda somnikeli ofanayo ukuba bahlangane. Okufunwayo akukona nje ukuxhumana nomnikeli kodwa futhi “nabafowethu abangama-demi ”kanye “nodadewabo ngomzali oyedwa”
Okokugcina, uma ingane idinga ukwazi umzali wayo ukuze izakhele igama, kungani kufanele ilinde ize ikhule? Kungani ukungaziwa kungafanele kususwe ngokushesha? Kusukela ekuzalweni ? Bese kuba uhlelo olusha lokuzalana obekuzodingeka lucatshangelwe kabusha futhi lwakhiwe.
*Isikhungo Socwaningo Nokugcinwa Kwamaqanda Omuntu kanye Nesidoda
Ukunikeza nangemuva... Ukukhiqizwa ngokunikelwa kwesidoda kungaziwa noma kungaziwa, uPierre Jouannet noRoger Mieusset, Ed. Springer