I-Psychology

Yikuphi okulungile: ukuvikela ingane ezinkingeni nasezinkingeni noma ukumvumela ukuba abhekane nazo zonke izinkinga eyedwa? Kungcono ukuthola indawo ephakathi phakathi kwalezi zimo ezimbi kakhulu ukuze ungaphazamisi ukuthuthukiswa okuphelele kwendodana noma indodakazi, kusho isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo uGaliya Nigmetzhanova.

Abazali kufanele basabele kanjani ezimweni ezinzima ingane ebhekana nazo? Ukuze kube nokungabi nabulungisa okucacile kuye, kuya kudabukisa futhi, nakakhulu, izimo ezibuhlungu? Ngokwesibonelo, ingane yayisolwa ngento engayenzanga. Noma wathola amamaki amabi ngomsebenzi awenza kanzima. Ngiphule isitsha sikamama esiyigugu ngephutha. Noma ubhekene nokufa kwesilwane esifuywayo osithandayo ... Imvamisa, umfutho wokuqala wabantu abadala uwukulamula, ukusiza, ukuqinisa idolo, ukusiza ...

Kodwa ingabe kuyadingeka ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthambisa «imivimbo yokudalelwa» ingane? Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo uMichael Anderson kanye nodokotela wezingane u-Tim Johanson, ethi The Meaning of Parenting, bagcizelela ukuthi ezimweni eziningi, abazali akufanele bagijimele ukusiza, kodwa kufanele bavumele ingane ukuba idlule umzuzu onzima - uma, kunjalo, enempilo futhi ephephile. Kungale ndlela kuphela lapho ezokwazi ukuqonda ukuthi uyakwazi ukubhekana nokungakhululeki ngokwakhe, eze nesixazululo futhi enze ngokuhambisana naso.

Ingabe ukungahileleki kwabazali ezimweni ezinzima ngempela kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokulungiselela izingane ukuba zibe abantu abadala?

Ngenelela noma hlehla?

“Ngazi abazali abaningi abanamathela kuleso simo esinzima: izinkinga, ubunzima kuyisikole sokuphila kwengane,” kusho isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo yezingane uGaliya Nigmetzhanova. — Ngisho nengane encane kakhulu eneminyaka emithathu ubudala, okwasuswa kuyo zonke isikhunta esasisebhokisini lesihlabathi, ubaba angase athi: “Uhlengezelani lapha? Hamba uzibuyisele wena.”

Mhlawumbe angasisingatha lesi simo. Kodwa uzozizwa eyedwa lapho ebhekene nobunzima. Lezi zingane zikhula zibe abantu abakhathazeke kakhulu, abakhathazeke ngokweqile ngalokho abakufezile nokwehluleka kwabo.

Izingane eziningi zidinga ukuhlanganyela kwabantu abadala, kodwa umbuzo uwukuthi kuyoba njani. Ezikhathini eziningi, udinga nje ukuba ngokomzwelo nidlule esimweni esinzima ndawonye - ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokuba khona okuthulile komunye wabazali noma ugogo nomkhulu kwanele.

Izenzo ezisebenzayo zabantu abadala, ukuhlolwa kwabo, ukwakheka, imibono iphazamisa umsebenzi wengane.

Ingane ayidingi usizo olungako olusebenzayo oluvela kubantu abadala njengokuqonda kwabo okwenzeka kuyo. Kodwa labo, njengomthetho, bazama ukungenelela, ukunciphisa noma ukulungisa isimo esinzima ngezindlela ezahlukene.

1. Ukuzama ukududuza ingane: “Uyiphulile ivazi? Umbhedo. Sizothenga enye. Izitsha ezalokho, ukulwa. "Abakumemanganga ukuthi uvakashe - kodwa sizohlela umcimbi wosuku lokuzalwa ukuze umenzi wakho abe nomona, ngeke simshayele ucingo."

2. Ngena ngenkuthalo. Abantu abadala bavame ukugijimela ukusiza ngaphandle kokubuza umbono wengane - bagijimela ukubhekana nabenzi bobubi nabazali babo, bagijimele esikoleni ukuze baxazulule izinto nothisha, noma kunalokho bathenge isilwane esisha.

3. Kwamukelwe ukufundisa: “Ukube benginguwe, bengizokwenza lokhu”, “Ngokujwayelekile abantu benza lokhu”. “Ngikutshelile, ngakutshela, nawe …” Baba umeluleki, ekhombisa ukuthi angaqhubeka kanjani nokuziphatha.

"Zonke lezi zinyathelo azisizi uma abazali bengathathi isinyathelo sokuqala, esibaluleke kakhulu - abazange baqonde ukuthi umntwana uzizwa kanjani, futhi abazange bamnikeze ithuba lokuphila le mizwa," kuphawula uGaliya Nigmetzhanova. - Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yini ingane ebhekana nayo mayelana nesimo - ukufutheka, ukucasuka, ukucasuka, ukucasuka - kubonisa ukujula, ukubaluleka kwalokho okwenzekile. Yibo ababika ukuthi lesi simo sibuthinte kanjani ubudlelwano bethu nabanye abantu. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ingane iziphile ngokugcwele.”

Izenzo ezisebenzayo zabantu abadala, ukuhlola kwabo, ukwakheka, ukuphawula kuphazamisa umsebenzi wokuhlangenwe nakho kwengane. Kanye nemizamo yabo yokuhlehla, yehlisa igalelo. Amagama anjengokuthi “umbhedo, ungakhathazeki” akwehlisa ukubaluleka komcimbi: “Ingabe isihlahla ositshalile ubunile? Ungadabuki, ufuna ngishayele emakethe ngithenge ezinye izithombo ezintathu, sizotshala khona manje?

Lokhu kusabela komuntu omdala kutshela ingane ukuthi imizwa yakhe ayihambisani nesimo, akufanele ithathwe ngokungathi sína. Futhi lokhu kubeka umgoqo endleleni yokukhula kwakhe siqu.

Phumula

Into engcono kakhulu abazali abangayenza iwukuhlanganyela emizweni yengane. Lokhu akusho ukuvuma okwenzekile. Akukho okuvimbela umuntu omdala ukuthi: “Angikuthandi okwenzile. Kodwa angikulahli, ngiyabona ukuthi udabukile. Uyafuna sililele ndawonye? Noma kungcono ukukushiya wedwa?

Lokhu kuphumula kuzokuvumela ukuthi uqonde ukuthi yini ongayenzela ingane — nokuthi udinga ukwenza noma yini. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho ungachaza khona: “Okwenzekile akujabulisi ngempela, kubuhlungu, kuyinhlamba. Kodwa wonke umuntu unezinkinga namaphutha abuhlungu. Awukwazi ukwenza umshwalense ngokumelene nabo. Kodwa ungasiqonda isimo futhi unqume ukuthi uzoqhubekela kanjani futhi kuphi.”

Lona umsebenzi wabazali - hhayi ukuphazamisa, kodwa hhayi ukuhoxisa. Vumela ingane iphile lokho ekuzwayo, bese uyisiza ukuthi ibheke isimo eceleni, ibone futhi ithole isisombululo. Umbuzo awukwazi ukushiywa uvuliwe uma ufuna ingane "ikhule" ngaphezu kwayo.

Cabangela izibonelo ezimbalwa.

Isimo 1. Ingane eneminyaka engu-6-7 ubudala ayizange imenywe emcimbini wokuzalwa

Abazali bavame ukuzizwa bephatheke kabi: “Kungani ingane yami ingalubhalanga uhlu lwezivakashi?” Ngaphezu kwalokho, bacasulwa ukuhlupheka kwengane kangangokuthi bagijimela ngokushesha ukubhekana nesimo ngokwabo. Ngale ndlela zibonakala ziphumelela kakhulu.

Empeleni: lesi senzakalo esingemnandi sembula ubunzima ebudlelwaneni bengane nabanye abantu, sazisa ngesimo sakhe esikhethekile phakathi kontanga.

Okufanele ngikwenze? Qonda ukuthi siyini isizathu sangempela “sokukhohlwa” kofunda naye ekilasini. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungakhuluma nothisha, nabazali bezinye izingane, kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu - nomntwana ngokwakhe. Ngomoya ophansi mbuze: “Ucabangani, kungani uMisha engafuni ukukumema? Ubona ngayiphi indlela? Yini engenziwa kulesi simo njengamanje futhi yini okufanele yenziwe kulokhu?”

Ngenxa yalokho, umntwana akagcini nje ukuzazi kangcono - uyaqonda, isibonelo, ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi uyahaha, ubiza amagama, noma uvaliwe kakhulu - kodwa futhi ufunda ukulungisa amaphutha akhe, ukwenza okuthile.

Isimo 2. Isilwane esifuywayo sishonile

Abazali bavame ukuzama ukuphazamisa ingane, i-console, ijabule. Noma bagijimela emakethe ukuyothenga umdlwane omusha noma izinyane lekati. Abakakulungeli ukubekezelela usizi lwakhe futhi ngenxa yalokho bafuna ukugwema okuhlangenwe nakho kwabo siqu.

Empeleni: mhlawumbe leli kati noma i-hamster lalingumngane wangempela wengane, oseduze kunabangane bakhe bangempela. Kwakufudumele futhi kumnandi naye, wayehlale ekhona. Futhi ngamunye wethu udabuka ngokulahlekelwa yilokho okuyigugu kuye.

Ingane izobhekana nesimo esisodwa esinzima, kodwa hhayi kwesinye. Ekhonweni "lokubona" ​​lobu ubuciko bokuba umzali

Okufanele ngikwenze? Nikeza ingane isikhathi sokukhipha usizi lwayo, udlule nayo. Buza ukuthi ubengenzani manje. Lindela impendulo yakhe bese wengeza kuphela: angahlala ecabanga ngesilwane sakhe esifuywayo, mayelana nezikhathi ezinhle ebuhlotsheni. Ngandlela-thile, ingane kuzodingeka yamukele iqiniso lokuthi okuthile ekuphileni kuyaphela futhi ukulahlekelwa akunakugwenywa.

Isimo 3. Umcimbi wekilasi ukhanseliwe ngenxa yephutha lomfundi ofunda naye

Ingane izizwa ijeziswe ngokungafanele, icasukile. Futhi uma ningasihlaziyi isimo ndawonye, ​​kungase kufinyelele eziphethweni ezingakhi. Uzothatha ngokuthi ohoxise umcimbi ungumuntu omubi, udinga ukuziphindiselela. Ukuthi othisha bayingozi futhi babi.

Okufanele ngikwenze? “Bengingabuza ingane ukuthi yini ngempela emcasulayo, ilindeleni kulo mcimbi nokuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthole lokhu okuhle ngenye indlela,” kusho uGaliya Nigmetzhanova. “Kubalulekile ukuthi afunde imithetho ethile engeke yeqiwe.”

Isikole sihlelwe ngendlela yokuthi isifundo sibe ikilasi, hhayi ubuntu obuhlukile bomntwana. Futhi ekilasini eyodwa yabo bonke futhi bonke eyodwa. Xoxa nengane ngalokho yena mathupha angakwenza, indlela yokusho isikhundla sakhe kumuntu olimaza ikilasi futhi aphule isiyalo? Yiziphi izindlela? Yiziphi izixazululo ezingenzeka?

zibambe

Kukuziphi izimo kusafanele ukushiya ingane nosizi yodwa? “Lapha, okuningi kuncike ezicini zakhe ngabanye nokuthi umazi kangakanani,” kuphawula uGaliya Nigmetzhanova. — Ingane yakho izobhekana nesimo esisodwa esinzima, kodwa hhayi kwesinye.

Ikhono «lokubona» lobu ubuciko bokuba umzali. Kodwa ukushiya ingane yodwa nenkinga, abantu abadala kumelwe baqiniseke ukuthi akukho lutho olusongela ukuphila nempilo yayo nokuthi isimo sayo esingokomzwelo sizinzile.”

Kodwa kuthiwani uma ingane ngokwayo icela abazali bayo ukuba bayixazulule inkinga noma ukungqubuzana kwayo?

“Ungajahi ukusiza ngokushesha,” kutusa uchwepheshe. “Akaqale enze konke akwazi ukukwenza namuhla. Futhi umsebenzi wabazali ukuqaphela nokuhlola lesi sinyathelo esizimele. Ukunakwa okunjalo kwabantu abadala - ngokungabambi iqhaza kwangempela - futhi kuvumela ingane ukuthi ikhule ngaphezu kwayo ngokuqhubekayo.

shiya impendulo