Lapho sizithola sisesimweni esinzima, sibhekana nokucindezeleka. Lo mthetho wachazwa nguHans Selye, akukho psychology lapha, kuwukusabela okuguquguqukayo kwezinto eziphilayo kwanoma iyiphi into ephilayo. Futhi nathi, kuhlanganise. Ngokuqondene nemizwa nemizwa yethu, sizakha ngokwethu, siqonde ukuthi hlobo luni lwesimo. Uma kukhona isigebengu esisolisayo eduze, khona-ke sizocabangela injabulo ewumphumela njengokwesaba, uma owesifazane othandekayo - umuzwa wothando, uma size esivivinyweni - kunjalo, sinama-jitters okuhlolwa. Nokho, sibeke umongo wethiyori yezinto ezimbili zemizwa kaStanley Schechter (Two-isicii-theoryofimizwelo).
Lo mbono uthi “sibheka imizwa yethu ngendlela efanayo esibheka ngayo ukuthi singabantu abanjani” - sibheka ukuziphatha kwethu bese sichaza ukuthi kungani siziphatha ngendlela esenza ngayo. Kulokhu, asibheki kuphela ukuziphatha kwethu kwangaphandle, komphakathi, kodwa nokuziphatha kwethu kwangaphakathi, okungukuthi, ukuthi sizizwa sinamandla kangakanani. Uma sizizwa sivukile, sizama ukuthola ukuthi yini ebangela ukuvuka kwethu.
Isibonelo, inhliziyo yakho ishaya ngokushesha futhi umzimba wakho ushubile. Futhi kuthiwani: ingabe ubhekene nokwesaba okubi noma isisu sakho sigcwele uthando? From kunqunywa ulwazi lwakho lwangaphakathi, kodwa isimo okuso. Akukho okubhaliwe kokuhlangenwe nakho - kahle, noma singakwazi ukufunda okuncane kukho. Futhi isimo sicacile, ngakho sigxila kuso.
Sekukonke, izici ezimbili zibalulekile ukuba siqonde isimo sethu somzwelo: kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kukhona ukuvuswa komzimba nokuthi yiziphi izimo, ukuvela kwasiphi isimo, esingakuchaza. Yingakho ithiyori kaSchechter ibizwa nge-two-factor.
UStanley Schechter kanye noJerome Singer benze isilingo sokuhlola le nkolelo-mbono enobuhlakani; zicabange uyingxenye yakho. Uma ufika, umhloli ubika ukuthi ucwaningo luyaqhubeka lokuthi i-vitamin suproxin ithinta kanjani ukubona komuntu. Ngemuva kokuthi udokotela ekujove umthamo omncane we-suproxin, umhloli ukucela ukuthi ulinde kuze kube yilapho umuthi uqala ukusebenza. Ukwethulela omunye umhlanganyeli esivivinyweni. Umhlanganyeli wesibili uthi naye wajovwa ngomjovo we-suproxin. Umhloli unikeza ngamunye wenu uhlu lwemibuzo futhi uthi uzoza maduze futhi akunike ukuhlolwa ukuze ahlole ukubona kwakho. Ubheka uhlu lwemibuzo bese uyaqaphela ukuthi luqukethe imibuzo yomuntu siqu necasulayo. Isibonelo, “Mangaki amadoda (ngaphandle kukayihlo) umama wakho aye walala nawo ngaphandle komshado?” Umhlanganyeli wesibili uphendula le mibuzo ngokucasuka, uya ngokuya ethukuthela, abese edabula uhlu lwemibuzo, aliphonse phansi futhi akhiphe umnyango ekamelweni. Ucabanga ukuthi uzozizwa kanjani? Ingabe nawe uthukuthele?
Njengoba ungase uqagele, inhloso yangempela yokuhlolwa kwakungekhona ukuhlola ukubona. Abacwaningi badala isimo lapho okuguquguqukayo okubili okuyinhloko, ukuvusa inkanuko kanye nencazelo engokomzwelo yalokho kuvuka, kwakukhona noma engekho, bese behlola ukuthi imiphi imizwelo abantu ababhekana nayo. Abahlanganyeli ekuhlolweni abazange bathole noma yimuphi umjovo wevithamini. Esikhundleni salokho, ukuguquguquka okuvusa amadlingozi kwasetshenziswa ngendlela elandelayo: Abanye ababambiqhaza ekuhlolweni bathola umthamo we-epinephrine, umuthi. Okubangela ukuvusa inkanuko (ukushisa komzimba okwenyukayo kanye nokuphefumula okwandayo), futhi abanye ababambiqhaza bajovwe nge-placebo, eyayingenayo imiphumela yomzimba.
Cabanga manje ukuthi ubungazizwa kanjani lapho uthola umthamo we-epinephrine: lapho uqala ukufunda uhlu lwemibuzo, wazizwa uvukile (qaphela ukuthi umhloli akazange akutshele ukuthi kwakuyi-epinephrine, ngakho awuqondi ukuthi yisidakamizwa esenza wavusa kakhulu). Umhlanganyeli wesibili ocwaningweni—empeleni umsizi womhloli—usabela ngokucasuka kuhlu lwemibuzo. Kungenzeka ukuthi uphethe ngokuthi uyacasuka ngoba nawe uthukuthele. Ubekwe ezimeni u-Schechter azibheka njengezibalulekile ukuze uthole ulwazi lwemizwa - uvukile, uye wacinga futhi wathola incazelo enengqondo yokuvuka kwakho kulesi simo. Futhi kanjalo nawe uyathukuthela. Yilokhu okwenzeka ngempela - ababambiqhaza abanikezwe i-epinephrine basabela ngokucasuka okukhulu kunezifundo ezithole umthamo we-placebo.
Okuthakazelisa kakhulu okuthathwe kumbono ka-Schechter ukuthi imizwa yabantu ayinangqondo ngandlela thize, kuye ngencazelo engase ibe khona yokuvusa inkanuko. U-Schechter noSinger bahlole lo mbono ngama-engeli amabili. Okokuqala, babonisa ukuthi bangakwazi ukuvimbela abantu ukuba bangavuthi ngokuchaza ngokunengqondo isizathu sokuvuka kwabo. Abanye ababambiqhaza ekuhlolweni abathola umthamo we-epinephrine batshelwa abacwaningi ukuthi lesi sidakamizwa sizokwandisa ukushaya kwenhliziyo yabo, ubuso babo buzofudumala futhi bubebomvu, futhi izandla zabo zizoqala ukuqhaqhazela kancane. Lapho abantu empeleni beqala ukuzizwa ngale ndlela, abazange baphethe ngokuthi babethukuthele, kodwa bathi imizwa yabo yayibangelwa umphumela womuthi. Ngenxa yalokho, laba ababambiqhaza esivivinyweni abazange baphendule kuhlu lwemibuzo ngentukuthelo.
Ngokucace nangokwengeziwe, uSchechter noSinger babonise ukuthi bangenza izifundo zibe nemizwa ehluke ngokuphelele uma beshintsha incazelo engase ibe khona yokuvusa inkanuko. Kwezinye izimo, ababambiqhaza esivivinyweni abalutholanga uhlu lwemibuzo olunemibuzo ecasulayo futhi ababonanga umsizi womhloli ethukuthele. Kunalokho, umsizi womhloli wenza sengathi ugajwe yinjabulo engenangqondo futhi wenza ngokunganaki, wadlala ibhola lomnqakiswano ngamaphepha ephepha, wenza izindiza zephepha futhi waziphonsela emoyeni, wasonta i-hula hoop ayithole ekhoneni. Basabela kanjani ababambiqhaza bangempela ocwaningweni? Uma bethola umthamo we-epinephrine, kodwa bengazi lutho ngemiphumela yayo, baphetha ngokuthi bazizwa bejabule futhi bengenandaba, futhi kwezinye izimo baze bahlanganyele emdlalweni we-impromptu.