Amabala kayinki, imidwebo, amasethi ombala… Ovezwa yilokhu kuhlolwa nokuthi kuhlobana kanjani nokuqulekile, kuchaza isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo u-Elena Sokolova.
Cishe akekho umuntu ongakaze ezwe ngokuhlolwa kwe-Rorschach. Ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokuba uhlamvu lwegama elifanayo lisetshenziswe kumahlaya athandwayo, bese kuba ifilimu kanye nomdlalo wekhompyutha.
"I-Rorschach" iyiqhawe kumaski, lapho amabala amnyama namhlophe ashintshayo ahlala enyakaza. Lesi sifihla-buso usibiza ngokuthi “ubuso bakhe beqiniso”. Ngakho-ke umqondo ungena emasikweni amaningi ukuthi ngemuva kokubukeka (ukuziphatha, isimo) esethula emphakathini, enye into, eseduze kakhulu nengqikithi yethu, ingafihlwa. Lo mbono uhlobene ngokuqondile nomkhuba we-psychoanalytic kanye nethiyori yokungazi.
Udokotela wezengqondo waseSwitzerland kanye nodokotela wezengqondo uHermann Rorschach udale "indlela ye-inkblot" yakhe ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX ukuze athole ukuthi ngabe kukhona ukuxhumana phakathi kobuhlakani nohlobo lobuntu. Kodwa ngokushesha ukuhlolwa kwaqala ukusetshenziselwa ukujula, kuhlanganise nezifundo zomtholampilo. Yathuthukiswa futhi yengezelelwa ezinye izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Rorschach kuwuchungechunge lwamabala ayishumi alinganayo. Phakathi kwazo kukhona umbala nomnyama nomhlophe, «owesifazane» kanye «nowesilisa» (ngokohlobo lwesithombe, hhayi ngokusho ukuthi bahloselwe ngobani). Isici sabo esivamile ukungaqondakali. Akukho okuqukethwe «kwangempela» okushumekwe kuzo, ngakho-ke zivumela wonke umuntu ukuthi azibonele okuthile okungokwakhe.
Isimiso sokungaqiniseki
Sonke isimo sokuhlola sakhiwe ngendlela yokunikeza umhloli inkululeko enkulu ngangokunokwenzeka. Umbuzo obekwe phambi kwakhe awucacile: “Kungaba yini? Ibukeka kanjani?
Lesi yisimiso esifanayo esisetshenziswa ku-classical psychoanalysis. Umdali wayo, uSigmund Freud, wabeka isiguli esofeni, futhi yena ngokwakhe wayengabonwa. Isiguli silele emhlane: lokhu kumiswa kokungakwazi ukuzivikela kwaba nomthelela ekuhlehleni kwakhe, ukubuyela emuva, imizwa yobuntwana.
Umhlaziyi ongabonakali waba «inkambu yokuqagela», isiguli saqondisa ukusabela kwaso okujwayelekile ngokomzwelo kuye - isibonelo, ukudideka, ukwesaba, ukucinga ukuvikelwa. Futhi njengoba babungekho ubuhlobo bangaphambili phakathi komhlaziyi nesiguli, kwaba sobala ukuthi lokhu kusabela kwakungokwemvelo kubuntu besiguli ngokwaso: umhlaziyi wasiza isiguli ukuba sikuqaphele futhi sikuqaphele.
Ngendlela efanayo, ukungapheli kwamabala kusivumela ukuba sibone kuzo lezo zithombe ezazivele zikhona endaweni yethu yengqondo ngaphambili: yile ndlela indlela yokusebenza kwengqondo esebenza ngayo.
Umgomo wokuqagela
Ukuqagela kwachazwa okokuqala nguSigmund Freud. Lo mshini wokusebenza kwengqondo usenza sibone emhlabeni wangaphandle ukuthi yini ngempela evela ku-psyche yethu, kodwa ayihambisani nesithombe sethu. Ngakho-ke, imibono yethu siqu, izisusa, imizwa kwabanye ... Kodwa uma sikwazi ukubona umphumela wokuqagela, "singakwazi "ukukubuyisela kithi", samukele imizwa nemicabango yethu kithi kakade ezingeni lokuqaphela.
UPavel oneminyaka engu-27 uthi: “Ngangiqiniseka ukuthi wonke amantombazane ayengikhanuka kwaze kwaba yilapho umngane wami engigcona. Ngabe sengiqaphela ukuthi empeleni ngiyabafuna, kodwa nginamahloni okuvuma kimi lesi sifiso esinolaka nesihlanganisa konke.
Ngokusho komgomo wokuqagela, ama-inkblots "asebenza" ngendlela yokuthi umuntu, ewabuka, aveze okuqukethwe kokuqulekile kwakhe kuwo. Kubonakala kuye ukuthi ubona ukucindezeleka, ama-bulges, i-chiaroscuro, imidwebo, amafomu (izilwane, abantu, izinto, izingxenye zomzimba), azichazayo. Ngokusekelwe kulezi zincazelo, uchwepheshe wokuhlola wenza ukucabangela mayelana nokuzizwisa kwesikhulumi, ukusabela, nokuzivikela kwengqondo.
Isimiso Sokuhumusha
U-Hermann Rorschach wayenesithakazelo ngokuyinhloko ekuxhumaneni kombono nobuntu bomuntu kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho okubuhlungu okungenzeka. Wayekholelwa ukuthi izindawo ezingapheli eziqanjwe nguye zidala “ekphoria” - okungukuthi, zikhipha izithombe ekuqulekeni ezingasetshenziswa ukuze kuqondwe ukuthi umuntu unawo yini amakhono okudala nokuthi ukuthambekela emhlabeni kanye nendlela umuntu aziqonda ngayo kuhlobana ngayo empilweni yakhe. umlingiswa.
Ngokwesibonelo, abanye baye bachaza izindawo ezimile mayelana nokunyakaza («izincekukazi zenza umbhede»). U-Rorschach wabheka lokhu njengophawu lomcabango ocacile, ukuhlakanipha okuphezulu, uzwela. Ukugcizelelwa ezicini zombala wesithombe kubonisa imizwa ekubukeni komhlaba nasebudlelwaneni. Kodwa ukuhlolwa kwe-Rorschach kuyingxenye kuphela yokuxilongwa, yona ngokwayo ifakwe kunqubo yokwelapha eyinkimbinkimbi noma yokweluleka.
“Ngangiyizonda imvula, yaphenduka yaba ukuhlukunyezwa kimi, ngesaba ukunyathela echibini,” kukhumbula u-Inna oneminyaka engu-32 ubudala, owaphendukela kusazi sokusebenza kwengqondo esinalenkinga. - Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, kwavela ukuthi ngangihlobanisa amanzi nesimiso somama, futhi ukwesaba kwami kwakuwukwesaba ukumuncwa, ukubuyela esimweni ngaphambi kokuzalwa. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngaqala ukuzizwa ngivuthiwe, futhi ukwesaba kwaphela.”
Ngosizo lokuhlolwa, ungabona izimo zengqondo zenhlalo kanye namaphethini obudlelwane: yini isici sesiguli ekukhulumisaneni nabanye abantu, ubutha noma umusa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usethelwe ukubambisana noma ukuncintisana. Kodwa akukho nokukodwa okuhunyushwa okuyoba okungaqondakali, bonke bayahlolwa emsebenzini oqhubekayo.
Uchwepheshe kuphela okufanele ahumushe imiphumela yokuhlolwa, njengoba ukuhumusha okushesha kakhulu noma okunganembile kungaba yingozi. Uchwepheshe uthola ukuqeqeshwa okude kwe-psychoanalytic ukuze afunde ukubona izakhiwo nezimpawu zabaqulekile futhi ahlobanise izimpendulo ezitholwe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa nabo.