Ukuhoxiswa kwelayisensi yokushayela ngo-2023

In the situation with the deprivation of the right to drive a car in the Federation in 2022, there have been no significant changes so far. Punishment continues to threaten drivers who commit gross or systematic violations of traffic rules, and debtors. It is worth noting that in April 2018, a new law was adopted in the country, which provides for a ban on driving a car, suspected or accused of a crime.

Ubani ongasusa ilungelo lokulawula

Ijaji kuphela elingahoxisa ilayisensi yokushayela. Iphoyisa lomgwaqo linelungelo lokudweba umthetho olandelwayo ngesijeziso sokuphatha. Ingaphonselwa inselelo enkantolo. Uma ungavumelani nezimpikiswano zesisebenzi, kufanele ubonise ephuzwini lephrothokholi - “angivumi”, - kuchazwe “KP” ummeli u-Anastasia Nikishina.

Ngamanye amazwi, iphoyisa lomgwaqo liqala isinqumo ngesidingo sokuhoxisa ilayisensi yokushayela ngo-2022. Ukufaneleka kwakhe kuhlanganisa kuphela ukukhishwa kwamadokhumenti okudluliselwa kwecala enkantolo, kodwa hhayi ukuhoxiswa kwelayisensi yokushayela. Isinqumo sokuphucwa ilungelo lokushayela imoto sikhishwa yinkantolo njengesijeziso esiyinhloko noma esengeziwe. Qaphela ukuthi ngokwephula umthetho okurekhodwe amakhamera agadayo, isijeziso asisetshenziswa nhlobo.

Umshayeli angavinjelwa isikhathi esingakanani ukushayela?

In accordance with the commentary to Art. 32.7 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Federation, the period of deprivation of a special right cannot be less than one month and more than two years. However, according to the requirements of paragraph 3 of Article 32.7, the period of deprivation of a special right begins on the day following the day of the expiration of the term of the administrative penalty applied earlier. Therefore, if the court deprives the rights of a driver who has already been deprived of his rights, the countdown of the new term will begin only after the expiration of the first punishment. Thus, in exceptional cases, the driver may be deprived of the rights for a long period, equivalent to life.

Kungani ungalahlekelwa yilayisensi yakho yokushayela

Deprivation of rights provides for several articles of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Federation. The following is a non-exhaustive list of the most common violations, categorized according to the length of the sentence.

Ukuphucwa izinyanga ezifika kwezingu-3 ihlinzekela ingxenye 1.1 yeSigaba 12.1 sokushayela ngokuphindaphindiwe imoto engabhalisiwe ngokusemthethweni. Isijeziso esifanayo sihlanganisa ukwephulwa kwengxenye 2 ye-athikili 12.2 yokushayela imoto ngaphandle kwamapuleti okubhalisa kahulumeni noma izinombolo eziguquliwe.

Kuze kube yizinyanga ezi-6 ukuhlinzekela ngokuphucwa kwamalungelo ezingxenye 4 no-5 ze-athikili 12.9 ngokweqa umkhawulo wejubane ngo-60 kuya ku-80 km/h, noma ngaphezu kuka-80 km/h. Isijeziso esifanayo sisongela abephula i-Athikili 12.10 ngokushiya indawo ewela ujantshi inomgoqo ovaliwe noma ovalayo, noma ngesignali yethrafikhi evimbelayo. Ungalahlekelwa amalungelo akho izinyanga eziyisithupha ngenxa yokwephulwa kwengxenye yesi-3 ye-athikili 12.12 yokuphinda uphase irobhothi elingavunyelwe; isigaba 4 se-athikili 12.15 ngokudlula emzileni ozayo; kanye nangaphansi kwe-athikili 12.16 yokushayela kumgwaqo oya endaweni eyodwa obheke ngakolunye uhlangothi lokugeleza.

Kuze kube unyaka ongu-1 abephula ingxenye yesi-4 ye-athikili 12.2 abashayela imoto enezinombolo zomgunyathi ngokusobala basengozini yokulahlekelwa amalungelo abo.

Kuze kube iminyaka engu-1,5 ngaphansi kwe-athikili 12.5, abashayeli abafaka amabhakhoni akhanyayo nezifanisi zabo (isibonelo, izibani ze-strobe) bangamiswa ekushayeleni. Isijeziso esifanayo sinikezwe ku-Article 12.27 kubahlanganyeli engozini abashiye indawo yesigameko.

Ukuphucwa isikhathi esiyiminyaka eyi-1,5 kuya kwemi-2 echazwa abephula i-athikili 12.8, ukushayela bedakiwe.

Kubalulekile

Kusukela ngoJulayi 2022, kwenziwe izichibiyelo ezibalulekile kukhodi yobugebengu nokuphatha. Bathinta abephula umthetho ababanjwa kaningi beshayela imoto bephuzile, nakuba base bephucwa izincwadi zokushayela.

Ngokwe-athikili yokuphatha 12.7 ye-Code of Administrative Offences (“Ukushayela imoto ngomshayeli ongenalo ilungelo lokushayela imoto”), uma umshayeli ephucwa amalungelo akhe ebanjwa eshayela futhi phakathi nonyaka, uyokwazi uzojeziswa ngenhlawulo yama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-50-100. noma umsebenzi oyimpoqo isikhathi esingamahora ayi-150–200.

Uma umshayeli onjalo ebanjwa eshayela okwesithathu, ukwephula umthetho kuzothathwa njengecala lobugebengu. Lapha ungathola inhlawulo efika kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-200, amahora angu-360 omsebenzi oyimpoqo, futhi uhlale ekoloni kuze kube unyaka owodwa.

Another innovation is Article 264.3 of the Criminal Code of the Federation (“Driving a vehicle by a person deprived of the right to drive vehicles and subjected to administrative punishment or having a criminal record”). Its essence is that if a “disenfranchised person”, whose rights were previously taken away for a criminal offense, is once again caught driving, they can now be punished with a fine of up to 300 thousand rubles, compulsory work up to 480 hours, and give two years in prison. The law also provides for the confiscation of the car of such a violator. 

Ungathola kanjani isikhathi sokuphucwa kwelayisensi yokushayela

Ukubala, ngokwezincazelo zamaphoyisa omgwaqo, kuqala mhlazane siqala ukusebenza isinqumo senkantolo. Ngemuva kokukhishwa kwayo, ilayisense yokushayela kufanele inikezwe amaphoyisa omgwaqo zingakapheli izinsuku ezi-3. Uma umshayeli engakwenzanga lokhu, isikhathi sokujeziswa sinwetshwa ngokuhambisana nesigaba sesi-2 se-Article 32.7. Ngakho-ke, ukubalwa kwenkathi yokuncishwa kuzoqala kuphela ngemva kokunikezelwa kwelayisensi yokushayela noma isicelo sokulahlekelwa kwayo sesamukelwe.

Indlela yokudlulisa isitifiketi emaphoyiseni omgwaqo

Kucatshangwa ukuthi ilayisensi yokushayela izonikezwa uphiko lapho kuthunyelwa khona ikhophi yomyalelo wenkantolo. Nokho, lesi simo asishiwo ngokuqondile emthethweni. Ngakho-ke, uma isinqumo sokuncishwa kwamalungelo sikhishwe yinkantolo endaweni yokuhlala, futhi umshayeli eqhele ngezinkulungwane zamakhilomitha, umthetho awuvimbeli ukunikeza isitifiketi kwelinye iyunithi. Uma abasebenzi beyunithi yamaphoyisa omgwaqo endaweni yangempela yokuhlala benqaba ukwamukela isitifiketi futhi bakhiphe isiqinisekiso esibhaliwe, amalungelo angathunyelwa kuyunithi efanayo ngeposi elibhalisiwe nencazelo yokunamathiselwe kanye nerisidi yokubuyisela.

Uyithola kanjani ilayisensi yakho yokushayela emuva

Ngokusho kwe-Article 32.6, ukuze abuyisele ilayisensi, umshayeli kufanele aphumelele ukuhlolwa kolwazi lwemithetho yomgwaqo futhi akhokhe zonke izinhlawulo. Ukuhlolwa kuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwethiyori kuphela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ungakwazi ukuphumelela ukuhlolwa kusengaphambili, ngemva kwesigamu sesikhathi sokuncishwa kwamalungelo asungulwe yinkantolo.

Yini enye ongalahlekelwa yilungelo lokushayela imoto

Back in January 2016, the amendments “On Amendments to the Federal Law “On Enforcement Proceedings” and Certain Legislative Acts of the Federation” came into force. The amendments expand the list of enforcement actions performed by a bailiff in relation to debtors. In particular, for non-payment of fines or alimony, the possibility of temporary restriction of the debtor in the use of a special right to drive vehicles has been established. The restriction is valid until the requirements are met in full or until other grounds arise for its cancellation.

Ngo-April 2018, kwaqala ukusebenza umthetho wethula indlela entsha yokuvimbela abantu abasolwa noma abasolwa ngobugebengu - "ukuvinjelwa kwezenzo ezithile." Ngokusho kwesihloko esisha se-Criminal Code 105.1, inkantolo, ikakhulukazi, ingase imise ukuvinjelwa ukushayela imoto noma enye imoto uma ubugebengu buhlotshaniswa nokuphulwa kwemithetho yomgwaqo kanye nemithetho yezimoto ezisebenzayo.

Isikhathi sokuvinjelwa sincike ebucayi bobugebengu. Ngobunzima obuncane nobumaphakathi, ukuvinjelwa kungabekwa izinyanga ezifika kweziyi-12, ngamacala abucayi afinyelela ezinyangeni ezingama-24, kanye namacala abucayi kakhulu afinyelela ezinyangeni ezingama-36. Ukubalwa kwethemu, kanye nasesimweni sokwephulwa kwemithetho yomgwaqo, kuqala kusukela ngosuku inkantolo ethatha ngalo isinqumo.

Isinqumo sokukhetha isilinganiso sokuvimbela senziwa yinkantolo ngemva kokucutshungulwa kwesicelo sophenyo. Ilayisensi yokushayela iphucwa ummangalelwa noma umsolwa umseshi, umphenyi noma inkantolo. Idokhumenti inamathelwe ecaleni lobugebengu futhi igcinwe njengengxenye yalo kuze kube yilapho ukuvinjelwa sekususiwe. Njengoba "ukuvinjelwa kwezenzo ezithile", empeleni, kuwuhlobo lwezinyathelo zokuvimbela, i-Federal Penitentiary Service ibophekile ukulawula ukukhishwa kwezinqumo zenkantolo.

Konje

Ngo-2022, kuhlelwe ukuthi kuqale ukusebenzisa izivivinyo zotshwala ezisheshayo kubashayeli.

Uma abahloli bamaphoyisa omgwaqo benokungabaza mayelana nokuzola komshayeli, kodwa akwanele ukuqala inqubo "yokuhlanza" ngosizo lwe-breathalyzer, umhloli angase anikeze umshayeli ukuthi asebenzise indlela yokuqala yokubonisa. Umshayeli angase anqabe ukuhlola, futhi lokhu ngeke kuhilele noma yimiphi imiphumela yezomthetho. Kodwa kulokhu, umhloli kuzodingeka enze isenzo sokumiswa ekushayeleni. Ngemva kwalokho, umshayeli wemoto kuzodingeka “ashaye ipayipi” noma aye esikhungweni sezokwelapha. Ngokusho kwenhloko yamaphoyisa omgwaqo, uMikhail Chernikov, lokhu okusha kuzokuvumela ukuthi ungachithi isikhathi ekuqedeni inqubo yokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha. Uma ukuhlaziya kukhombisa ukuthi umshayeli udakiwe, uzokwazi ukuqhubeka ngaphandle kokwenza ngokusemthethweni noma yiziphi izinqubo zokuphatha.

Ukufika kwemishini esheshayo yokutholwa ngokushesha kwabashayeli abadakiwe kulindeleke ngo-2022.