Ngama-1960s, uPaul D. MacLean, udokotela waseMelika nodokotela we-neurobiologist, wasungula umbono wobuchopho obuthathu, echaza inhlangano yobuchopho yaba izingxenye ezintathu: ubuchopho be-reptilia, ubuchopho be-limbic, nobuchopho be-neo-cortex. Namuhla kukhonjiswe ukuthi akusasebenzi futhi kudicilelwe phansi, sisathola leli gama elithi "ubuchopho bezilwane ezihuquzelayo" maqondana nengxenye yobuchopho obuzuzwe njengezihuquzelayo eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-250 edlule. Ngabe ubuchopho bezilwane ezihuquzelayo babusho ukuthini ngesikhathi sale mbono? Yiziphi izici zayo? Yini impikiswano eyehlise isithunzi le mbono?

Ngokusho kukaDkt Paul D. Maclean kanye nomqondo wakhe owasungulwa ngeminyaka yama-1960s, ubuchopho bethu buhlelwe baba izingxenye ezintathu ezinkulu: ubuchopho be-limbic (obune-hippocampus, i-amygdala ne-hypothalamus), i-neo-cortex (equkethe ama-hemispheres amabili e-cerebral hemispheres) futhi ekugcineni ubuchopho bezilwane ezihuquzelayo, obukhona iminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-500 ezinhlotsheni zezilwane. Lezi zingxenye ezintathu ziyaxhumana kodwa zisebenza njengezindikimba ezizimele. Ubuchopho bezilwane ezihuquzelayo buvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ubuchopho bemvelo", ngoba bulawula imisebenzi ebalulekile yomzimba.

Ubuchopho bamadlozi nobudala, ubuchopho bezidalwa ezilawulayo buphatha izidingo eziyisisekelo kanye nokulawulwa kwemisebenzi ebalulekile yomzimba:

• ukuphefumula;
• izinga lokushisa komzimba;
• ukudla;
• ukukhiqiza kabusha;
• imvamisa yenhliziyo.

Ubuchopho obubizwa nangokuthi “budala”, ngenxa yokuba khona kwawo ezintweni eziphilayo (izinhlanzi) iminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-500, ubuchopho obubhekele imizwa yokuphila, okubangela ukusabela okufana nokundiza noma ukundiza. ulaka, imizwa, isazela sokuzala ngenhloso yokongiwa kwezinhlobo. Ubuchopho bezilwane ezihuquzelayo base buthuthuka kuma-amphibians futhi bafinyelela esigabeni sabo esithuthuke kakhulu ezihuquzelayo, cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-250 edlule.

Kufaka phakathi i-brainstem ne-cerebellum, ngokuyisisekelo okwakha ubuchopho besilwane esihuquzelayo. Ithembeke kakhulu, lobu buchopho nokho buvame ukuba semshinini nasekucindezelweni. Ukungazweli kokuhlangenwe nakho, lobu buchopho bunememori yesikhashana nje kuphela, bungabuvumeli ukuthi buzivumelanise noma buguquke, njenge-neo-cortex.

Ibandakanywa emisebenzini yokuqonda njengokunakwa, ilawula ukusabela kokwesaba nobumnandi. Ingqondo kanambambili (yebo noma cha), ukukhuthazwa okufanayo kuzohlala kuholela empendulweni efanayo. Impendulo esheshayo, efana ne-reflex. Ngokuya ngolwazi olunikezwe ubuchopho, ukuthatha izinqumo kuya ngakho, futhi ubuchopho bezilwane ezihuquzelayo buyothatha ubuchopho be-limbic ne-neo-cortex.

Isimo sengqondo sokucindezelwa (inkolelo-ze, ukuphazamiseka okucindezelayo) singaqala ebuchosheni obuyisilwane esiphilayo. Futhi, isidingo sethu emphakathini ukuthembela egunyeni eliphakeme, noma isidingo sethu sokukhathazeka ngokweqile sokwenza amasiko (ezenkolo, amasiko, amasiko, ezenhlalo, njll.).

Ochwepheshe bezokukhangisa nabezokukhangisa bayazi futhi: umuntu oncike ebuchosheni bakhe obuyisilwane esilawulayo uphathwa kalula. Ngokusebenzisa umsoco noma ezocansi, babhekana ngqo nale ngxenye yobuchopho, bese bethola ukusabela kohlobo “oluyimpoqo” kulaba bantu. Akukho ukuziphendukela kwemvelo ngesipiliyoni okungenzeka uma uhlelo lokubuyisa oluphindaphindwayo selubhalisiwe.

Kunokuthambekela kokukholelwa ukuthi ukuze siphile emphakathini, umuntu uzodinga kuphela imisebenzi yakhe yokuqonda namandla omzwelo, ngakho-ke uzosebenzisa kuphela i-neo-cortex nobuchopho bakhe be-limbic. Iphutha! Ubuchopho bezilwane ezihuquzelayo abugcini nje ngokusinda kwethu.

Ngaphezu kwesimo sethu sokuzala esikuphathisiwe, futhi esisisebenzelayo ngaphandle kokwazi kwethu phambi kwabanye abantu bobulili obuhlukile, kuyasisiza ngesikhathi sokuphendula okuthile okubalulekile kithi empilweni yomphakathi. Isibonelo, silawula ubudlova bethu, umbono wensimu nokuziphatha okuzenzakalelayo okuxhumene nomphakathi, amasiko enkolo, njll.

Umbono wobuchopho owasungulwa nguPaul D. Maclean ngawo-1960 ube nempikiswano enkulu eminyakeni yamuva ngocwaningo lwesayensi. Asikuphiki ukuba khona kobuchopho ezilwaneni ezihuquzelayo, kodwa kunalokho ukuxhumana phakathi kobuchopho babo nobuchopho phambilini obabubizwa nge- “reptilian” ezilwaneni ezincelisayo, kubandakanya nabantu.

Ubuchopho bezilwane ezihuquzelayo bubavumela ukuba baziphathe kahle ngokwengeziwe, okuhambisana nobuchopho obuphezulu, njengokukhumbula noma ukuzulazula kwendawo. Ngakho-ke akulungile ukukholelwa ukuthi ubuchopho bezilwane ezihuquzelayo buvaleleke ezidingweni eziyisisekelo nezibaluleke kakhulu.

Kungani umbono onjalo oyiphutha uhlale isikhathi eside kangaka?

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenxa yezizathu zezinkolelo zenhlalo nezefilosofi: "ubuchopho bezilwane ezihuquzelayo" kubhekiswa ebuntwini bemvelo yomuntu, esibuthola kumafilosofi amadala kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mdwebo wobuchopho obuthathu ubonakala udluliselwe kumdwebo weFreudian: izingxenye zobuchopho obuthathu zinokufana okuningi neFreudian "me", "superego" kanye ne "id".