Umbono wengcindezelo, umgomo obaluleke kakhulu ku-psychoanalysis, wavela njengomqondo kuFreud, yize uShopenhauer wayesevele eseshilo ngawo. Kepha cindezela ini?

Ngokucindezelwa kuqala ukutholakala kokuquleka. Umbono wengcindezelo awusiwo umbuzo olula ngoba kuncike emcabangweni, hhayi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukwazi kahle, ukuthi sinakho okungazi lutho, kwalokho okungazi lutho noma okwenzeka ngokungazi.

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi ingcindezelo isebenza kanjani, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuthi kubuyekezwe umqondo kaSigmund Freud wengqondo. Kuyena, ingqondo yomuntu yayifana ncamashí neqhwa: isiqongo esingabonakala ngaphezu kwamanzi simele umqondo owaziyo. Ingxenye ebicwiliswe ngaphansi kwamanzi kodwa esabonakala namanje, iyisiyaluyalu. Iningi leqhwa elingaphansi komugqa wamanzi alibonakali. Kuyinto engazi lutho. Kungokugcina okunethonya elinamandla ebuntwini futhi okungahle kuholele ekucindezelekeni kwengqondo, okungathinta indlela yokuziphatha yize singeke sazi ukuthi yini ekhona.

Kwakungokusiza iziguli ukuthola imizwa yazo engazi lutho lapho uFreud aqala khona ukucabanga ukuthi kunenqubo eyayifihla imicabango engamukeleki. Ingcindezelo kwakuyindlela yokuqala yokuzivikela eyakhonjwa nguFreud ngo-1895 futhi wayekholelwa ukuthi ibaluleke kakhulu.

Ingcindezelo isunduza kude izifiso zakho, izinkanuko, izinkanuko ezingakwazi ukwazi ngoba zinamahloni, zibuhlungu kakhulu noma zisole umuntu noma umphakathi. Kepha bazohlala kithi ngendlela engazi lutho. Ngoba akusikho konke ukusho, ukuveza, ukuzwa. Lapho isifiso sizama ukwazi futhi singaphumeleli, kuyindlela yokuzivikela ngomqondo we-psychoanalytic waleli gama. Ingcindezelo ukuvimba okungazi lutho kwemizwa engemihle, izinkanuko, izinkumbulo nemicabango yengqondo eqaphelayo.

Njengoba uFreud echaza: “'Ukuhlubuka okunodlame' kwenzeke ukuvimba indlela eya ekuqaphelisweni kwesenzo semimoya esilimazayo. Unogada oqaphile wabona i-ejenti eyonile, noma umcabango ongafuneki, futhi wabika lokho ekucwaningeni ”. Akukhona ukuphunyuka, akusikho ukulahlwa kokushayela noma isifiso kepha isenzo sokugcina kude kude nokwazi. Isixazululo esimaphakathi sokuzama ukunciphisa imizwa yecala nokukhathazeka.

Kepha noma kunjalo, kungani lo mcabango ungafuneki? Futhi ngubani owayibona kanjalo futhi wayihlola? Umcabango ongafuneki awufaneleki ngoba uveza ukungathandeki, okwenza imishini isebenze, futhi ukucindezelwa kungumphumela wokutshalwa kwemali nokutshalwa kwemali kuzinhlelo ezahlukahlukene.

Kodwa-ke, ngenkathi i-pushback ingasebenza ngempumelelo ekuqaleni, ingaholela ekukhathazekeni okukhulu phansi komgwaqo. UFreud wayekholelwa ukuthi ukucindezelwa kungaholela ekucindezelekeni kwengqondo.

Ucwaningo lusekele umbono wokuthi ukukhohlwa okukhethiwe kuyindlela abantu abavimba ngayo ukuqaphela kwemicabango noma izinkumbulo ezingafuneki. Ukukhohlwa, okubangelwa ukubuyisa, kwenzeka lapho ukukhumbula izinkumbulo ezithile kuholela ekukhohlweni kolunye ulwazi oluhlobene. Ngakho-ke, ukubiza kaningi izinkumbulo ezithile kungadala ukuthi ezinye izinkumbulo zingatholakali kalula. Izinkumbulo ezihlukumezayo noma ezingafuneki, ngokwesibonelo, zingakhohlwa ngokubuyisa kaningi izinkumbulo ezinhle.

UFreud wayekholelwa ukuthi amaphupho ayindlela yokubheka okunganakile, imizwa ecindezelweyo ingabonakala kokwesaba, ukukhathazeka, kanye nezifiso esizithola kula maphupho. Esinye isibonelo sayo esacindezela imicabango nemizwa kungazenza zaziwe ngokusho kukaFreud: ukushibilika. Lezi zislayidi zolimi zingasho, ziveze kakhulu, ziveze lokho esikucabangayo noma esikuzwayo ngento esezingeni lokungazi. Kwesinye isikhathi ama-phobias nawo angaba yisibonelo sokuthi imemori ecindezelweyo ingaqhubeka kanjani nokuthonya ukusebenza.

Umbono wengcindezelo uthathwa njengomqondo okhokhiswayo nophikisanayo. Sekuyisikhathi eside kusebenza njengombono ophambili ekuhloleni kwengqondo, kepha kube khona izincomo eziningi ezibuze ubuqiniso ngisho nokuba khona kwengcindezelo.

Ukugxekwa kwesazi sefilosofi u-Alain, kuhlobana ngqo nalokhu kubuzwa kwendaba okungashiwo ngombono kaFreudian: U-Alain uhlambalaza uFreud ngokusungula “omunye mina” kulowo nalowo kithi (“ingelosi embi”, “umeluleki onobudlova” kungasisebenzela ukungabaza isibopho esinaso ngezenzo zethu.

Singathi, lapho sifuna ukuzisula kwesinye sezenzo zethu noma imiphumela yaso, sincenge lokhu “okuphindwe kabili” ukuqinisa ukuthi asiziphathanga kahle, noma ukuthi besingenakwenza ngenye indlela, kunokuba ekugcineni lesi senzo akusiso esethu… Ubheka ukuthi umbono kaFreud awuyona nje eyiphutha kodwa futhi uyingozi, ngoba ngokuphikisana nobukhosi obekufanele ukuthi lowo muntu abe nakho ngaphezu kwakhe, kuvula indlela yazo zonke izindlela zokuphunyuka, kunikeza i-alibi kulabo abafisa ukubalekela umthwalo wabo wokuziphatha .