Okuqukethwe
Izithako Ophaya abathosiwe abenziwe ngemvubelo inhlama (elula ngenyama egayiwe 75 g.)
| Inhlama yemvubelo nenhlama yemvubelo (yamaphayi othosiwe, alula) | 5100.0 (igremu) |
| Inyama egayiwe enanyanisi | 2500.0 (igremu) |
| uwoyela sunlighter | 625.0 (igremu) |
Ophaya bebhotela, uma usebenzisa ujamu owuketshezi, ingxenye yawo (kufika ku-300 g) ithathelwa indawo ufulawa. 2 Inombolo ikhombisa isisindo esiphelele, idinominator - isisindo esiphelele, icabangela ukulahlekelwa ngesikhathi sokuhlukaniswa. Inhlama yemvubelo yamaphayi othosiwe ilungiswa ngendlela engeyona i-steam yokuvumelana okubuthakathaka. Impahla nezinto zokusebenza zigcotshwa ngamafutha emifino. Akuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa ufulawa ukuze usekele lapho usika inhlama futhi wenza imikhiqizo. Ufulawa, ovuthayo ngesikhathi sokuthosa, wehlisa izinga lamafutha, ngenxa yalokho ukubukeka komkhiqizo konakala futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha kuyanda. Inhlama enesisindo esingu-0,5-1 kg igoqwa etafuleni eligcotshwe ngamafutha emifino ku-tourniquet futhi ihlukaniswe izingcezu zesisindo esidingekayo (50, 55 no-35 g ngokulandelana). Izingcezu zenhlama zakhiwa zibe amabhola, abekwe ematafuleni agcotshwe ngamafutha emifino ebangeni elingama-4-5 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye. Ngemuva kwemizuzu engu-5-6 yokuqinisekisa, amabhola enhlama aphendulelwa ngakolunye uhlangothi futhi abunjwe amaqebelengwane ayisicaba anobukhulu obungu-4-5 mm. Faka inyama egayiwe, ujamu noma ujamu phakathi kwekhekhe, phinda ikhekhe ngesigamu, uxhume emaphethelweni, unikeze umkhiqizo umumo we-crescent bese uwubeka emaphepheni okugcoba okugcoba.Ngemva kwemizuzu engu-20-30 yobufakazi, ama-pie athosiwe. emishinini yokuthosa ekhethekile noma emishinini yokuthosa kagesi noma yegesi enezinga lokulawula lokushisa; akuvunyelwe ukuthosa ophaya endishini. Ngokuthosa ophaya, basebenzisa: amafutha emifino ahlanjululwe - i-sunflower, i-cottonseed, i-soya, i-peanut, ingxube yamafutha emifino ahlanjululwe angu-50% kanye nama-50% anikezwe amafutha enkomo; ingxube ka-50% wamafutha emifino acwengekile kanye namafutha okupheka angama-50%. Ukushisa kwamafutha ku-fryer kulethwa ku-180-190 ° C. Amaphayi acwiliswa emafutheni ashisayo ngenani elingeqile ku-1/4 wesisindo samafutha ajulile ngesisindo. Ngesikhathi sokuthosa, imikhiqizo iyaguqulwa futhi iqhubeke ithosa kuze kube yilapho kwakheka i-golden crust efanayo phezu kwendawo yonke. Ama-pie aqediwe athululwa endaweni ene-mesh futhi amafutha avunyelwe ukukhipha. Amaphayi akhiqizwa emishinini alungiswa ngokuhambisana nemiyalelo yezobuchwepheshe ye-TU 28-11-83. Ukuvimbela ukonakala kwamafutha lapho uthosa ama-pie, kufanele kuqashelwe imithetho elandelayo: ungangezi emafutheni kanye nama-pie imvuthuluka yenhlama, ufulawa, inyama egayiwe; vimbela ukushisa kwamafutha; yeka ukushisa amafutha ngokushesha ngemva kokuphela kokuthosa ama-pie; lapho uthosa ama-pie, ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe izinga lamafutha okuthosa. Amafutha ane-rancidity, ukufiphala okuphawulekayo, kungakhathaliseki isikhathi sokusetshenziswa, akukwazi ukusetshenziswa njengamafutha ajulile.
Inani lokudla okunempilo kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali.
| Umsoco | Ubuningi | Okujwayelekile ** | % kokujwayelekile ku-100 g | % kokujwayelekile ku-100 kcal | 100% ejwayelekile |
| Inani lekhalori | I-339.4 kCal | I-1684 kCal | 20.2% | 6% | 496 g |
| Amaprotheni | 13.5 g | 76 g | 17.8% | 5.2% | 563 g |
| Amafutha | 17.7 g | 56 g | 31.6% | 9.3% | 316 g |
| carbohydrate | 33.6 g | 219 g | 15.3% | 4.5% | 652 g |
| ama-asidi wemvelo | 47.5 g | ~ | |||
| I-fiber ejwayelekile | 1.7 g | 20 g | 8.5% | 2.5% | 1176 g |
| Water | 73.1 g | 2273 g | 3.2% | 0.9% | 3109 g |
| Ash | 11.7 g | ~ | |||
| Vitamins | |||||
| Uvithamini A, RE | 20 µg | 900 µg | 2.2% | 0.6% | 4500 g |
| I-Retinol | I-0.02 mg | ~ | |||
| Uvithamini B1, thiamine | I-0.2 mg | I-1.5 mg | 13.3% | 3.9% | 750 g |
| Uvithamini B2, riboflavin | I-0.3 mg | I-1.8 mg | 16.7% | 4.9% | 600 g |
| Uvithamini B4, choline | I-47.9 mg | I-500 mg | 9.6% | 2.8% | 1044 g |
| Uvithamini B5, i-pantothenic | I-0.4 mg | I-5 mg | 8% | 2.4% | 1250 g |
| Uvithamini B6, pyridoxine | I-0.2 mg | I-2 mg | 10% | 2.9% | 1000 g |
| Uvithamini B9, folate | 24.7 µg | 400 µg | 6.2% | 1.8% | 1619 g |
| Uvithamini B12, cobalamin | 0.8 µg | 3 µg | 26.7% | 7.9% | 375 g |
| Uvithamini C, ascorbic | I-0.7 mg | I-90 mg | 0.8% | 0.2% | 12857 g |
| Uvithamini E, i-alpha tocopherol, TE | I-6.2 mg | I-15 mg | 41.3% | 12.2% | 242 g |
| Uvithamini H, biotin | 2.4 µg | 50 µg | 4.8% | 1.4% | 2083 g |
| Uvithamini PP, NE | I-4.041 mg | I-20 mg | 20.2% | 6% | 495 g |
| niacin | I-1.8 mg | ~ | |||
| AmaMacronutrients | |||||
| I-Potassium, uK | I-191.1 mg | I-2500 mg | 7.6% | 2.2% | 1308 g |
| ICalcium, Ca | I-25 mg | I-1000 mg | 2.5% | 0.7% | 4000 g |
| I-Silicon, Si | I-1.9 mg | I-30 mg | 6.3% | 1.9% | 1579 g |
| I-Magnesium, Mg | I-16.7 mg | I-400 mg | 4.2% | 1.2% | 2395 g |
| I-Sodium, Na | I-40.3 mg | I-1300 mg | 3.1% | 0.9% | 3226 g |
| Isibabule, S | I-127.9 mg | I-1000 mg | 12.8% | 3.8% | 782 g |
| IPhosphorus, uP | I-126.8 mg | I-800 mg | 15.9% | 4.7% | 631 g |
| Iklorini, Cl | I-819 mg | I-2300 mg | 35.6% | 10.5% | 281 g |
| Landelela Izinto | |||||
| I-Aluminium, Al | 506.4 µg | ~ | |||
| Bohr, B. | 22.8 µg | ~ | |||
| UVanadium, V | 42.5 µg | ~ | |||
| Insimbi, Fe | I-1.7 mg | I-18 mg | 9.4% | 2.8% | 1059 g |
| Iodine, mina | 3.7 µg | 150 µg | 2.5% | 0.7% | 4054 g |
| ICobalt, Co | 3.8 µg | 10 µg | 38% | 11.2% | 263 g |
| I-Manganese, Mn | I-0.3554 mg | I-2 mg | 17.8% | 5.2% | 563 g |
| Ithusi, Cu | 129.5 µg | 1000 µg | 13% | 3.8% | 772 g |
| IMolybdenum, Mo. | 12 µg | 70 µg | 17.1% | 5% | 583 g |
| UNickel, uNi | 4.5 µg | ~ | |||
| U-Olovo, Sn | 32.3 µg | ~ | |||
| I-Rubidium, Rb | 12.7 µg | ~ | |||
| Selenium, Uma | 2.8 µg | 55 µg | 5.1% | 1.5% | 1964 g |
| Titan, wena | 5.2 µg | ~ | |||
| I-fluorine, uF | 36.1 µg | 4000 µg | 0.9% | 0.3% | 11080 g |
| I-Chrome, Cr | 4.3 µg | 50 µg | 8.6% | 2.5% | 1163 g |
| Zinc, Zn | I-1.6574 mg | I-12 mg | 13.8% | 4.1% | 724 g |
| Ama-carbohydrate agayekayo | |||||
| Isitashi nama-dextrins | 28 g | ~ | |||
| I-Mono- ne-disaccharides (ushukela) | 1.1 g | ubuningi be-100 г | |||
| AmaSterols | |||||
| Cholesterol | I-4.3 mg | ubukhulu obungama-300 mg |
Inani lamandla lingu-339,4 kcal.
- Vitamin B1 kuyingxenye yama-enzyme abaluleke kakhulu we-carbohydrate namandla we-metabolism, okunikeza umzimba amandla nezinto zepulasitiki, kanye nokwakheka komzimba kwama-amino acid we-branched-chain. Ukuntuleka kwaleli vithamini kuholela ekuphazamisekeni okukhulu kwezinhlelo zezinzwa, zokugaya ukudla nezinhliziyo.
- Vitamin B2 ibamba iqhaza ekuphenduleni kwe-redox, ithuthukisa ukuzwela kombala kwe-analyzer ebonakalayo nokulungiswa okumnyama. Ukudla okunganele kwe-vitamin B2 kuhambisana nokwephula isimo sesikhumba, ulwelwesi lwamafinyila, ukukhanya okungahambi kahle nokubona kwantambama.
- Vitamin B12 idlala indima ebalulekile ekuguqulweni komzimba nasekuguqulweni kwama-amino acid. I-Folate ne-vitamin B12 ngamavithamini ahlobene futhi ayabandakanyeka ekwakhekeni kwegazi. Ukuntuleka kukavithamini B12 kuholela ekwandeni kokushoda okuyingxenye noma kwesibili kwe-folate, kanye ne-anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia.
- Vitamin E inezakhiwo zokulwa ne-antioxidant, edingekayo ekusebenzeni kwama-gonads, imisipha yenhliziyo, iyisiqinisi somhlaba wonke sezingqamuzana zeseli. Ngokushoda kukavithamini E, i-hemolysis yama-erythrocyte nokuphazamiseka kwemithambo yegazi kuyabonakala.
- Uvithamini PP ubamba iqhaza ekuphenduleni kwe-redox ye-metabolism yamandla. Ukudla okwanele kwamavithamini kuhambisana nokuphazamiseka kwesimo esijwayelekile sesikhumba, umgudu wamathumbu kanye nohlelo lwezinzwa.
- phosphorus ibamba iqhaza ezinqubweni eziningi zomzimba, kufaka phakathi amandla emetabolism, ilawula ibhalansi ye-acid-base, iyingxenye ye-phospholipids, i-nucleotide kanye ne-nucleic acid, iyadingeka ekwenzeni i-mineralization yamathambo namazinyo. Ukushoda kuholela ku-anorexia, i-anemia, ama-rickets.
- I-chlorine kuyadingeka ekwakhiweni nasekuvikeleni i-hydrochloric acid emzimbeni.
- Cobalt iyingxenye kavithamini B12. Yenza kusebenze ama-enzyme we-fatty acid metabolism kanye ne-folic acid metabolism.
- I-Manganese iqhaza ekwakhekeni kwamathambo nezicubu ezixhuma, kuyingxenye yama-enzyme abandakanyeka ekuguqulweni komzimba kwama-amino acid, ama-carbohydrate, ama-catecholamine; kubalulekile ukuhlanganiswa kwama-cholesterol nama-nucleotide. Ukusetshenziswa okunganele kuhambisana nokwehla kokukhula, iziyaluyalu ohlelweni lokuzala, ukwanda kobucayi bethambo, ukuphazamiseka kwe-carbohydrate kanye ne-lipid metabolism.
- Copper kuyingxenye yama-enzyme anomsebenzi we-redox futhi obandakanyeka ku-metabolism yensimbi, kuvusa ukumuncwa kwamaprotheni nama-carbohydrate. Ubamba iqhaza ezinhlelweni zokuhlinzeka izicubu zomzimba womuntu nge-oxygen. Ukushoda kubonakaliswa yizinkinga ekubunjweni kohlelo lwe-cardiovascular and skeleton, ukuthuthukiswa kwezicubu zomzimba ezixhuma i-dysplasia.
- I-Molybdenum i-cofactor yama-enzyme amaningi ahlinzeka ngemetabolism yama-amino acid, i-purines nama-pyrimidines.
- Zinc iyingxenye yama-enzyme angaphezu kwama-300, ebamba iqhaza ezinhlelweni zokuhlanganiswa kanye nokubola kwama-carbohydrate, amaprotheni, amafutha, ama-nucleic acid kanye nasekulawuleni ukubonakaliswa kwezakhi zofuzo eziningi. Ukusetshenziswa okunganele kuholela ekushoneni kwegazi, ukungasebenzi kahle komzimba kwesibili, ukuqina kwesibindi, ukungasebenzi kahle kocansi, kanye nokukhubazeka kombungu. Ucwaningo lwakamuva luveze ikhono lemithamo ephezulu ye-zinc ukuphazamisa ukumunca ithusi ngaleyo ndlela libe nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni i-anemia.
- I-899 kCal