“Abanye abantu bazijwayeza kakhulu izinkinga zabo nokuziphatha okungenampilo kangangokuthi abakakulungeli ukuhlukana nazo,” kusho udokotela wengqondo nesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo uCharles Turk, oseneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 ehlola ingqondo.
Lapho uCharles Turk engumfundi wezokwelapha futhi engumfundi esibhedlela, waphawula ukuthi ngokuvamile iziguli ezalulama ngokomzimba zaziqhubeka nokucindezeleka ngokomzwelo. Khona-ke waqala ukuba nesithakazelo kudokotela wengqondo, ovele unake izikhathi ezinjalo.
Wafundiswa ngaphambi kokuba abezengqondo "baphinde bathole ukusebenza kobuchopho," futhi iningi lothisha nabaphathi bakhe abakhethekile ku-psychoanalysis - lokhu kwanquma kusengaphambili ukukhetha kwakhe.
UCharles Turk kuze kube yilolu suku uyaqhubeka nokuhlanganisa zombili izinkomba ekusebenzeni kwakhe - i-psychiatry kanye ne-psychoanalysis. Umsebenzi wakhe uthole ukuqashelwa embuthanweni wochwepheshe. Ngo-1992, wathola indondo ku-National Alliance for Mentally Ill, okuyinhlangano yodokotela bengqondo. Ngo-2004 - omunye umklomelo ovela kunhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe ye-psychoanalytic International Federation for Psychoanalytic Education.
Ihluke kanjani i-psychoanalysis kune-psychotherapy?
UCharles Turk: Ngokubona kwami, i-psychotherapy isiza ukuqeda izimpawu eziphazamisa umuntu. I-Psychoanalysis, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ihlose ukukhomba nokuxazulula izingxabano zangaphakathi ezibangela lezi zimpawu.
Ngabe i-psychoanalysis isiza kanjani iziguli?
Ikuvumela ukuthi udale indawo ephephile, futhi iklayenti lingakwazi ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile ngezihloko elingakaze lixoxe nanoma ubani ngaphambili - kuyilapho umhlaziyi engaphazamisi inqubo.
Chaza inqubo ye-psychoanalysis. Ngabe usebenza kanjani kahle namaklayenti?
Anginikezi noma yimiphi imiyalelo esemthethweni, kodwa ngidalela iklayenti indawo ephephile futhi ngimqondise ngobuqili futhi ngimkhuthaze ukuthi agcwalise lesi sikhala ngendlela ezoba usizo kakhulu kulo. Isisekelo salo msebenzi «izinhlangano zamahhala» ezivezwa iklayenti ohlelweni. Kodwa unalo lonke ilungelo lokwenqaba.
Lapho umuntu eqala ukubona uchwepheshe, umuntu ukhetha kanjani phakathi kwe-psychoanalysis nezinye izinhlobo zokwelapha?
Okokuqala, kufanele acabange ukuthi yini ngempela emhluphayo. Bese unquma ukuthi yini afuna ukuyithola ngokusebenza nochwepheshe. Ukumane unciphise noma ususe izimpawu zenkinga noma ufunde futhi uhlole isimo sakho sokuziphendulela ngokujulile.
Ngabe umsebenzi we-psychoanalyst uhluke kanjani kulokho okunikezwa ochwepheshe bezinye izindawo nezindlela?
Anginikezi iseluleko, ngoba i-psychoanalysis imema umuntu ukuba azitholele kuye ukhiye - futhi usenayo kakade - ejele azakhele lona. Futhi ngizama ukunganikezi izidakamizwa, nakuba kwezinye izimo zingadlala indima ebalulekile ohlelweni lonke lokwelashwa.
Sitshele mayelana nolwazi lwakho lomuntu siqu nge-psychoanalyst.
Ngenkathi mina ngokwami ngilele embhedeni, i-psychoanalyst yami yangidalela leyo ndawo ephephe kakhulu lapho ngingathola khona izindlela nezixazululo zokuqeda imizwa yokuhlukaniswa, ukwesaba, inkani enkulu nokucindezeleka okwase kungihlukumeza isikhathi eside. Kwathathelwa indawo "ukunganeliseki komuntu okuvamile" uFreud athembisa iziguli zakhe. Ngokwenza kwami, ngizama ukwenza okufanayo kumakhasimende ami.
Angilokothi ngithembise amaklayenti okungaphezu kwalokho engingawanikeza nakanjani.
Ngokubona kwakho, ubani ongasiza i-psychoanalysis?
Emkhakheni wethu, kukholelwa ukuthi kunesethi ethile yemigomo lapho umuntu anganquma ukuthi ubani ofanelekela ukuhlaziya kwengqondo. Kucatshangwa ukuthi indlela ingaba yingozi kakhulu "kubantu abasengozini". Kodwa ngifinyelele umbono ohlukile, futhi ngikholelwa ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukubikezela ukuthi ubani ozozuza ku-psychoanalysis nokuthi ngubani ongeke.
Ngamakhasimende ami, ngizama ukuqala ngokungenangqondo umsebenzi we-psychoanalytic, ngidale izimo ezifanele. Bangenqaba noma nini uma benomuzwa wokuthi kunzima kakhulu kubo. Ngale ndlela, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi «izingozi» kungagwenywa.
Abanye abantu bajwayele izinkinga zabo kanye nokuziphatha okungenampilo kangangokuthi abakulungele ukubayeka. Kodwa-ke, i-psychoanalysis ingaba usizo kunoma ubani ofuna ukuqonda ukuthi kungani engena ezimweni ezingathandeki ngokuphindaphindiwe, futhi uzimisele ukuyilungisa. Futhi ufuna ukulahla okuhlangenwe nakho nokubonakaliswa okungajabulisi okulimaza impilo yakhe.
Ngibe neziguli ezimbalwa ezazifike kwangqingetshe ekwelashweni kwangaphambilini, kodwa ngemva komsebenzi omningi sakwazi ukuthuthukisa isimo sazo - zikwazile ukuzitholela indawo emphakathini. Abathathu kubo babephethwe yi-schizophrenia. Abanye abathathu babene-borderline personality disorder futhi bahlushwa imiphumela emibi ye-psychotrauma yengane.
Kodwa kwakukhona nokwehluleka. Isibonelo, ezinye iziguli ezintathu ekuqaleni zazinethemba elikhulu “lokwelapha ngenkulumo” futhi zazivumelana nokwelashwa, kodwa zayeka phakathi nenqubo. Ngemva kwalokho, nginqume ukungalokothi ngithembise amakhasimende okungaphezu kwalokho engingawanika khona nakanjani.