Ukuthena isihlahla sama-apula entwasahlobo

Kungani udinga ukuthena isihlahla sama-apula entwasahlobo 

Cabanga nje: Kwangathi, isihlahla sama-apula siyaqhakaza. Ungakwazi ukusika? Angakwazi. Kodwa kubuhlungu. Khona-ke ama-ovari avela, ehlobo akhula, ama-apula athululelwa - futhi kuyisihawu ukusika, kahle, ukuthi ungazincisha kanjani ingxenye yesitshalo?! Ekwindla, lapho izithelo zivunwa, amaqabunga awile, kubonakala sengathi ungaqala, kodwa ngalesi sikhathi kuvame ukuna - kungcolile futhi kubanda, awufuni ukuphuma ngaphandle futhi. Ebusika, isithwathwa neqhwa. Ngakho-ke, intwasahlobo yokuqala ihlala. 

Isikhathi sokuthena isihlahla sama-apula entwasahlobo 

UMashi yisikhathi esiphelele sokuthena izihlahla zama-apula! 

Kodwa-ke, ungenza ukwakheka kwezihlahla ngoFebhuwari, kodwa esimweni sokuthi izinga lokushisa lomoya lingaphezu kuka -5 ° C. Uma kubanda, kungcono ukuthi ungaphazamisi izihlahla ze-apula, izilonda esimweni sezulu esinjalo zikhula kabi kakhulu. 

Futhi akufanele usike izihlahla zama-apula ngo-Ephreli, ngesikhathi sokugeleza kwe-sap! Uma kungenjalo, isihlahla singafa, ngoba amanxeba aphumayo awapholi. 

Indlela yokuthena isihlahla sama-apula entwasahlobo 

Ngalesi sikhathi, kungcono ukwenza izihlahla zokulwa nokuguga. Ibulala izinyoni ezintathu ngetshe elilodwa: izithelo ziba zinkulu, isivuno sikhula ngo-20 - 60%, ukumelana nesithwathwa kwezihlahla kuyakhula, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, kulula ukucutshungulwa ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni. 

Izinyathelo ezintathu zokunciphisa: 

1. Ukufeza imiphumela enjalo, isinyathelo sokuqala ukufinyeza i-trunk - ukuphakama kwayo akufanele kudlule ama-2 m. Ukusika kufanele kube ngaphezu kwegatsha elikhulu (Fig. 1). Uma kungenjalo, kwakheka isiphunzi esomile, bese kuba yigodi. 

2. Ngemva kokuba umqhubi ophakathi efinyeziwe, wonke amahlumela akhula ngaphakathi komqhele (1) kufanele asuswe - afaka umthunzi wesihlahla futhi ayindawo enhle kakhulu yokuzalanisa izifo nezinambuzane. Ekugcineni, isihlahla sizothatha isimo sesitsha - amagatsha amakhulu kufanele "abheke" ngaphandle (Fig. 2). 

3. Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukunquma amagatsha ohlaka lwamathambo. Ubude bawo bungafinyelela ku-2,5 m. Kudingekile ukufinyeza amahlumela angaphandle "abheka" ngaphandle kusuka kumqhele (Fig. 3). 

Ngemva kokuthenwa okunjalo kwesihlahla entwasahlobo, amahlumela amasha, okuthiwa ama-tops, azokhula kakhulu kuwo. Eziningi zazo kuyodingeka zisuswe (1), futhi kuzo zonke ezinye kuyodingeka kwakhiwe amagatsha ezithelo esikhathini esizayo. 

Imithetho yokunakekela isihlahla sama-apula ngemva kokuthenwa 

Ngemuva kokuthena okunjalo okukhulu, izihlahla entwasahlobo kufanele zondliwe kahle. 

Into yokuqala oyidingayo umanyolo we-nitrogen - uyadingeka ekukhuleni kwamahlumela amancane. Isibonelo, umquba ungafakwa emhlabathini wokumba (4 - 6 kg ku-1 sq. M. we-trunk circle) (2) noma umquba wenkukhu (1 - 2 kg uhlanjululwe ebhakedeni lamanzi futhi izihlahla zixutshwe. inisela ngesilinganiso samalitha nesigamu nge-1 sq. M. .). 

Umanyolo wamaminerali nawo ungasetshenziswa esikhundleni sezinto eziphilayo. I-Ammophoska ne-saltpeter kulula ngokwanele ukuhlakazeka ngaphansi kwezihlahla, kodwa kungcono ukufafaza i-urea ngenhlabathi. Ngendlela, ochwepheshe batusa ukusebenzisa umanyolo we-nitrogen hhayi ngokushesha, kodwa ngezinyathelo ezimbili. Ingxenye yomthamo - ngo-Ephreli, ingxenye yesibili - ekuqaleni kukaJuni. 

Ngaphezu kwe-nitrogen, izihlahla ezithenwe zidinga i-phosphorus - ithuthukisa ukuqhakaza. Futhi i-potassium, ethuthukisa izinga lezithelo futhi ikhulise ukuqina kwebusika. Umanyolo we-phosphate usetshenziswa entwasahlobo, kepha umanyolo we-potash usetshenziswa kuphela ekwindla. 

Futhi ungakhohlwa into eyinhloko: ngemva kokwenza umanyolo, udinga ukunisela izihlahla ngesilinganiso samabhakede angu-2 - 3 nge-1 sq. Futhi ngosuku olulandelayo, inhlabathi embuthanweni we-trunk kufanele ikhululwe kahle. 

Okufanele ukwenze uma isihlahla sama-apula singakhuli 

Okokuqala, udinga ukuqonda ukuthi siyini isizathu. Futhi kungase kube eziningana. 

1. Izinga eliphezulu lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Izinga eliphansi lesihlahla samahhabhula akufanele libe phezulu: 3 m - eziphunzini zempande ezinamandla, 2,5 m - ezinosayizi ophakathi kanye no-1,5 m - kumafomu amancane. 

Kodwa izakhamuzi eziningi zasehlobo, ezitshala izihlahla zama-apula esizeni, azicabangi nje ngamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Futhi izitshalo ezisencane azinikezi isizathu sokukhathazeka. Kodwa lapho sezineminyaka engu-10-15 ubudala futhi izimpande zifinyelela ungqimba oluyingozi, izitshalo ziyayeka ukukhula, amaqabunga ashintsha umbala abe ophuzi noma onsundu, futhi isihlahla sithinteka kakhulu yizifo zokukhunta. Futhi lapho ukushisa kwehlobo kufika, amaqabunga awela ngobuningi. 

Okufanele ngikwenze. Kunzima kakhulu ukulungisa isimo lapha - awukwazi ukutshala isihlahla esidala. Ngakho-ke, ukuphela kwendlela yokuphuma ukwenza i-cardinal pruning yesihlahla se-apula futhi sikhule ngendlela yesihlahla esihlangene esingamamitha angu-2-2,5 ukuphakama - ngeke kudingeke ukuthi izimpande zijule kakhulu ukuze uthole amanzi nokudla. 

2. Inhlabathi empofu. Uma unesihlabathi noma udaka olunesihlabathi endaweni yangakini, isihlahla sama-apula sizohlupheka - cishe azikho izakhi enhlabathini enjalo, azigcini umswakama, futhi ebusika obubandayo obuneqhwa elincane, izimpande zezihlahla zama-apula ziyabanda. 

Okufanele ngikwenze. Njalo ngonyaka, letha i-humus noma umquba omningi ngaphansi kwesihlahla sama-apula ngangokunokwenzeka - entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Bese umba inhlabathi ngobubanzi bomqhele ungene ku-bayonet ye-spade. Ehlobo, ungabeka utshani obugundiwe ngaphansi kwezihlahla. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inhlabathi izovunda kakhulu. 

Hlwanyela uphizi emibuthanweni eseduze nesiqu - amabhaktheriya akhethekile ahlala ezimpandeni zawo, agcwalisa inhlabathi nge-nitrogen. Futhi ngemva kokuvuna - yimba inhlabathi kanye neziqongo - lena into eyengeziwe yemvelo. 

Okokuqala, kuze kube yilapho inhlabathi ikhula, yondla isihlahla se-apula ngomanyolo wamaminerali: 

Ekupheleni kuka-April: Sakaza izinkomishi ezi-3 ze-urea ngokulinganayo endaweni eseduze nesiqu sesihlahla. Uma utshani bukhula endaweni eseduze nesiqu noma utshani buhlwanyelwe, vele unisele. Futhi uma inhlabathi imbiwa, khona-ke umanyolo kufanele umane ushumekwe emhlabathini nge-rake. 

Ekuqaleni kokuqhakaza. Ngalesi sikhathi, izihlahla zidinga ukugqoka okuphezulu okuyinkimbinkimbi. Ilungiswa kanje: izinkomishi ezingama-200 ze-superphosphate, izinkomishi ezi-5 ze-potassium sulfate, amalitha ama-3 we-mullein noma amalitha angama-20 emfucumfucu yezinyoni athululelwa emgqonyeni we-10-litre (uma ingekho into ephilayo, ungathatha 3,5 izinkomishi ze-urea esikhundleni). Ngemva kwalokho, umgqomo ugcwaliswa phezulu ngamanzi, yonke into ishukunyiswa kahle futhi ivunyelwe ukuphuza isonto lonke. Izinga lokusebenzisa: 4 - 5 amabhakede esihlahleni esidala (kwabancane - ibhakede eli-1). 

Lapho izithelo ziqala ukuvuthwa. Kulokhu, izingilazi ezingama-200 ze-nitrophoska kanye ne-5 g ye-sodium humate eyomile zithathwa ngamalitha angama-20 amanzi. Konke kuxutshwe ngokuphelele. Izinga lokusebenzisa - amabhakede ama-3 esihlahleni ngasinye. 

Ngokushesha ngemva kokuvuna: Izinkomishi eziyi-1,5 ze-superphosphate ne-1 inkomishi ye-potassium sulfate zihlakazeka ngaphansi kwesihlahla futhi ziniselwe. 

Ngokuvamile, ukugqoka kokugcina kuyakhethwa. Kodwa abalimi abanolwazi bayazi ukuthi iwusizo kakhulu - emva kwayo, izihlahla zibekezelela kangcono isithwathwa sasebusika.

3. Isithombo saseNingizimu. Uma uthenge isithombo se-apula ezandleni zakho, emakethe, eceleni komgwaqo, kungenzeka ukuthi walethwa eningizimu futhi wakhula lapho. Izihlahla ezinjalo zikhula kabi kakhulu endaweni ephakathi, zihlala ziqhwa ebusika futhi akunakwenzeka ukuthi uthole isivuno kuzo - ngokuvamile ziyafa ngemva kweminyaka engu-4-5. 

Okufanele ngikwenze. Ungahlupheki, susa lesi sihlahla (yebo, kuyadabukisa, kodwa awukwazi ukukusiza) futhi utshale enye inhlobo. Thenga izithombo ezikhungweni ezithembekile bese ukhetha izinhlobo eziklanyiwe (ungabheka ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zezihlahla zama-apula ezifanele isifunda sakho kusizindalwazi seRejista Yombuso Yezimpumelelo Zokuzalela (3).

Imibuzo nezimpendulo ezidumile

Saxoxa entwasahlobo izihlahla apula nge isazi sezolimo namahlathi uSvetlana Mikhailova – uphendule imibuzo ethandwa kakhulu ngabalimi.

Imithombo ye

1. Dubrova PF, Egorov VI, Kamshilov NA, Koroleva NI et al. I-Gardener's Handbook, ed. Okwesibili // Indlu yokushicilela kahulumeni yezincwadi zezolimo, eMoscow, 1955 - 606 p.
2. Khamurzaev SM, Borzaev RB, Khusainov Kh.A. Indlela enengqondo yokufaka umquba ezivandeni eziqinile // Ukuvunda No. 1, 2017

   https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/ratsionalnyy-sposob-ispolzovaniya-udobreniy-v-sadah-intensivnogo-tipa

3. Irejista Yesifunda Yezimpumelelo Zokuzalanisa

   https://reestr.gossortrf.ru/