U-Alexander Minin, umcwaningi ohamba phambili e-Institute of Global Climate and Ecology of Roshydromet kanye ne-Russian Academy of Sciences, uzama ukudambisa ukushesha abaningi abahlola ngakho ukuhlanganyela kwabo ekushintsheni kwemvelo. “Izisho zomuntu zokulondoloza imvelo zingafaniswa namazeze ukuze asindise indlovu,” uphetha ngokufanelekile.
Ukwehluleka kwangempela kwesithangami samazwe ngamazwe sezemvelo ngonyaka odlule mayelana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu e-Copenhagen kwenza uDokotela Wesayensi Yezinto Eziphilayo wacabanga ngokufaneleka kwesiqubulo esithi “ukongiwa kwemvelo”.
Nakhu akubhalayo:
Emphakathini, ngombono wami, kunezindlela ezimbili maqondana nemvelo: eyokuqala “yokongiwa kwemvelo” yendabuko, isixazululo sezinkinga zemvelo ngayinye njengoba zivela noma zitholwa; okwesibili ukulondolozwa komuntu njengohlobo lwebhayoloji emvelweni yoMhlaba. Ngokusobala, amasu entuthuko kulezi zindawo azohluka.
Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, indlela yokuqala iyanqoba, futhi i-Copenhagen 2009 yaba ingqophamlando yayo enengqondo nebalulekile. Kubonakala sengathi lena indlela efile, nakuba ikhanga kakhulu. Isiphetho esifile ngenxa yezizathu eziningana. Ukuthi umuntu ulondoloza imvelo kungafaniswa namazeze ukuze asindise indlovu.
I-Biosphere of the Earth iwuhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, izimiso nezindlela zokusebenza esisanda kufunda ngazo. Ihambe indlela ende (yeminyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa) yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, imelana nezinhlekelele eziningi zeplanethi, ehambisana noshintsho olucishe luphelele ezifundweni zempilo yebhayoloji. Naphezu kokubonakala, ngesilinganiso sezinkanyezi, imvelo ye-ephemeral (ubukhulu baleli "filimu yokuphila" ngamashumi amaningana amakhilomitha), i-biosphere ibonise ukuzinza okumangalisayo namandla. Imikhawulo nezindlela zokuzinza kwayo azikacaci.
Umuntu uyingxenye yalesi simiso esimangalisayo, esavela ngezindinganiso zokuziphendukela kwemvelo "emizuzwini" embalwa edlule (sineminyaka engaba yizigidi ezingu-1 ubudala), kodwa sizibeka njengosongo lomhlaba wonke kuphela emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule - "imizuzwana". Isistimu (i-biosphere) yoMhlaba izozigcina, futhi imane isuse izakhi eziphazamisa ibhalansi yayo, njengoba kwenzeka izikhathi eziyizigidi emlandweni weplanethi. Ukuthi kuzoba njani ngathi umbuzo wezobuchwepheshe.
Okwesibili. Umzabalazo wokulondolozwa kwemvelo awenzeki ngesizathu, kodwa ngemiphumela, inani layo elikhula ngokungenakugwenywa nsuku zonke. Ngokushesha nje lapho sisindisa inyathi noma i-Crane yaseSiberia ekuqothulweni, inqwaba nezinkulungwane zezinhlobo zezilwane, ukuba khona kwazo esingakusoli nokusola, zisengozini. Sizoxazulula izinkinga zokufudumala kwesimo sezulu - akekho ongaqinisekisa ukuthi eminyakeni embalwa ngeke sikhathazeke ngokupholisa okuqhubekayo (ikakhulukazi njengoba, ngokuhambisana nokufudumala, inqubo yangempela kakhulu yokufiphala komhlaba iyenzeka, eyenza buthaka umphumela we-greenhouse. ). Njalo njalo.
Isizathu esiyinhloko sazo zonke lezi zinkinga saziwa kakhulu - imodeli yemakethe yomnotho. Ngisho nasekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, yayibuthene esiqeshini seYurophu, umhlaba wonke wawuphila ngezimiso zomnotho wendabuko. Kulezi zinsuku, le modeli isetshenziswa ngokushesha nangenkuthalo emhlabeni wonke. Izinkulungwane zezitshalo, amafekthri, abembayo, uwoyela, igesi, izingodo, izimayini zamalahle nezakhiwo zokucubungula emhlabeni wonke zisebenzela ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezikhula njalo zezakhamuzi.
Uma le nqubo ye-Samoyed ingayeki, khona-ke isixazululo sezinkinga ezithile zemvelo, kanye nokugcinwa komuntu, siphenduka ukulwa nama-windmills. Ukumisa kusho ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa, futhi kakhulu. Ingabe umphakathi (ikakhulukazi umphakathi waseNtshonalanga, ngoba kuze kube manje ukusetshenziswa kwawo okuzungeza le spiral eshwabadela izinsiza) ukulungele ukuvinjelwa okunjalo kanye nokwenqatshwa okungokoqobo kwezimiso zomnotho wemakethe? Ngakho konke ukukhathazeka okusobala kwamazwe aseNtshonalanga anezinkinga zemvelo kanye nokuzimisela kwabo ukuzixazulula, kunzima ukukholelwa ekwenqatshweni "kwezisekelo zentando yeningi".
Cishe ingxenye yabantu bomdabu baseYurophu ihlezi kumakhomishana ahlukahlukene, amakomiti, amaqembu asebenzayo ukuze alondoloze, avikeleke, alawule ... njll. Izinhlangano zemvelo zihlela izenzo, zibhale izikhalazo, zithole izibonelelo. Lesi simo sifanele abaningi, okuhlanganisa umphakathi nosopolitiki (ikhona indawo yokuzibonakalisa), osomabhizinisi (omunye umshicileli emzabalazweni wokuncintisana, futhi ophawulekayo nsuku zonke). Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule, siye sabona ukuvela kochungechunge “lwezinsongo zemvelo” ezihlukene zomhlaba wonke (“imbobo ye-ozone”, isifo sezinkomo ezihlanyayo, umkhuhlane wezingulube nezinyoni, njll.). Ingxenye ebalulekile yabo yanyamalala ngokushesha, kodwa imali yabelwa isifundo sabo noma ukulwa nabo, futhi abaningi, futhi othile wathola lezi zimali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlangothi lwesayensi lwezinkinga cishe aluthathi ngaphezu kwamaphesenti ambalwa, okunye kuyimali nepolitiki.
Ukubuyela esimweni sezulu, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi akekho "abamelene" nokufudumala ophikisana nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi lokushisa. Kodwa lena akuyona inkinga yemvelo, kodwa eyethu. Kusobala ukuthi ukukhishwa kwegesi (noma yikuphi) kufanele kuncishiswe, kodwa kungani kuhlanganisa lesi sihloko nenkinga yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu? Ukubanda okuncane njengalobu busika (nokulahlekelwa okukhulu kweYurophu!) kungadlala indima engeyinhle ngokumelene nalesi sizinda: "abaphikisi" bethiyori yokufudumala kwesimo sezulu se-anthropogenic bazothola i-trump card yokususa noma yimiphi imikhawulo ekukhishweni nhlobo: imvelo. , bathi uphila kahle ngokwanele.
Isu lokulondoloza umuntu njengohlobo lwesayensi yezinto eziphilayo, ngokubona kwami, linenjongo kakhulu, licacile ngokusuka ezikhundleni zemvelo nezomnotho kunomzabalazo emikhakheni eminingi yokongiwa kwemvelo. Uma noma iyiphi inkontileka idingeka emkhakheni wokuvikelwa kwemvelo, khona-ke lesi yisivumelwano sokulondolozwa komuntu njengohlobo lwebhayoloji. Kufanele ibonise (kucatshangelwa amasiko, amasiko, indlela yokuphila, njll.) izidingo eziyisisekelo zendawo yabantu, emisebenzini yabantu; emithethweni kazwelonke, lezi zidingo kufanele ziboniswe futhi ziphoqelelwe ngokuqinile, zivumelane nezimo zazo.
Kuphela ngokuqonda indawo yethu ku-biosphere lapho singazigcina khona emvelweni futhi sinciphise umthelela wethu omubi kuyo. Ngale ndlela, ngendlela, inkinga yokongiwa kwemvelo, ekhangayo engxenyeni ethintekayo yomphakathi, nayo izoxazululwa.