Ukukhulelwa: buyekeza mayelana nokungajwayelekile kwe-placenta

Lapho i-placenta ifakwa phansi

Kuze kube isonto le-18 lokukhulelwa, ama-placenta amaningi abekwe esibelethweni esingaphansi, futhi lokhu akuyona inkinga. Iningi "lifuduka" liye phezulu njengoba isibeletho sikhula. Iphesenti elincane (1/200) lifakwa eduze komlomo wesibeletho ezingeni lengxenye engezansi (isici esakhiwe ku-3rd trimester phakathi komlomo wesibeletho nomzimba wesibeletho). Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-placenta previa. Lesi sikhundla asigcini nje ngokukwenza kube nzima ukuthi umntwana aphume, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi kubangele ukopha lapho ukufinyela kwenzeka. Izinkinga zincike ebangeni le-placenta ukusuka emlonyeni wesibeletho. Ezimweni ezingavamile, ivala ngokuphelele i-orifice futhi ukuzalwa kungenziwa kuphela ngokuhlinzwa.

Iyini i-placenta yangaphambili, i-placenta yangemuva, i-fundal placenta?

Sikhuluma nge-placenta yangaphambili noma yangemuva kuye ngokuthi i-placenta ikuphi, noma ngabe ingemuva noma ingaphambili kwesibeletho. Siphinde sikhulume nge-fundal placenta lapho i-placenta ingaphansi kwesibeletho. Lokhu kuyinkomba kuphela yendawo ye-placenta; Lawa magama awabhekiseli ku-pathology noma ukufakwa kwe-placenta okungekuhle.

Lapho i-placenta ithelelekile

Amagciwane kamama angafinyelela ku-placenta ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ngegazi, ngomlomo wesibeletho noma esibelethweni ngokwaso. Ngokuya ngosuku lokutheleleka, imiphumela yokukhulelwa iyahlukahluka (ukukhulelwa kwesisu, ukukhubazeka kwe-intrauterine ukukhula, ukubeletha ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ukubandakanyeka kwengane, njll.). Amagciwane angakwazi ukuhlanganisa ubukhulu be-placenta noma ahlale kulwelwesi lwe-amniotic. I-ultrasound ngezinye izikhathi ibonisa ukutheleleka kwe-placenta, kodwa ayibonakali ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngemva kokubeletha, i-placenta izothunyelwa endaweni yokucwaninga ukuze kutholakale igciwane ngokuqiniseka.

Lapho i-placenta inomumo ohlekisayo

Ekupheleni kokukhulelwa, i-placenta ("i-pancake" ngesiLatini) ibonakala njengediski engu-20 cm ububanzi no-35 mm ubukhulu. Isisindo sayo singama-500-600 g. Ngezikhathi ezithile, kubonakala kuhlukile. Esikhundleni sokwenza inqwaba enkulu, ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili ezixhunywe intambo (i-placenta bi-partita). Ngezinye izikhathi, i-placental lobe encane, ehlala kude nenqwaba enkulu (i-aberrant cotyledon). Ngokuvamile, lezi zimo azibangeli inkinga.

Lapho i-placenta iphuma ngokushesha kakhulu

Lapho konke kuhamba kahle, i-placenta ihlukana nesibeletho ngesikhathi sokubeletha. Uma lesi simo senzeka ngaphambi kokubeletha, i-hematoma (isikhwama segazi) yenziwa phakathi kodonga lwesibeletho kanye ne-placenta ebangela ukuphazamiseka kokushintshana komama nengane. Uma i-hematoma ithinta ingxenye encane kakhulu ye-placenta, izingozi ngokuvamile zilinganiselwe, futhi ukulaliswa esibhedlela ngokuphumula ngokuvamile kuvumela ukukhulelwa ukuqhubeka ngokujwayelekile. Lapho i-detachment ihilela yonke i-placenta, ibizwa ngokuthi i-hematoma ye-retro-placental. Le nkinga, ngenhlanhla engavamile, ingaba nemiphumela emibi kumama nengane. Imbangela ? Akwaziwa kahle, kodwa kunezici ezinomthelela ezifana ne-preeclampsia, ukubhema noma ukushaqeka kwesisu. Izimpawu zokuqala zivame ukuba yizimpawu: ukopha kanye nobuhlungu besisu obuzumayo, ngokushesha okulandelwa ukucindezeleka kombungu. Uma ukuxilongwa kwenziwa, asikho isikhathi sokuchitha! Ukuphuma komntwana kubalulekile.

I-Placenta accreta: lapho i-placenta ingena kahle

Ngokuvamile, i-placenta ifakwa ezingeni le-uterine lining. Lo mshini, owakhiwa ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa, ungavela ngendlela engavamile. Kunjalo lapho ukunamathela kwengxenye noma yonke i-placenta kujula kunalokho okufanele esibelethweni. Bese sikhuluma nge-placenta accreta. Lokhu kufakwa ngenhlanhla okungavamile (1/2500 kuya ku-1/1000 abakhulelwe) kungaba nzima ngokuphuma kwegazi ngesikhathi sokubeletha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-placenta ebambelele odongeni lwesibeletho ayikwazi ukuphuma ngokujwayelekile. Ukwelashwa kuyinkimbinkimbi, kuhilela lonke ithimba lezokwelapha, futhi kuncike ngokuyinhloko ezingeni lokopha.

Lapho i-placenta ikhula ngendlela engavamile

Lolu hlobo lwe-anomaly aluvamile, ngokulandelana kokukhulelwa okukodwa ku-1. Kuhlangene nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukukhulelwa kwe-molar (noma i-hydatidiform moles). Imvelaphi iyi-chromosomal futhi ivela ekukhulelweni. Ukopha ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa, isicanucanu esikhulu noma ukuhlanza, isibeletho esithambile, esikhulu kunokujwayelekile ngesikhathi, singafaka i-chip endlebeni. Ukuxilongwa kuqinisekiswa yi-ultrasound. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-moles we-hydatidiform. Kungase kube imvukuzane “ephelele,” lapho kungakaze kube khona umbungu kodwa i-placenta eqhubeka ikhula ibe ama-cyst amaningi futhi ithatha ukubonakala kwesixha samagilebhisi, noma i-mole ingxenye lapho umbungu ungakhula khona kodwa ngokungavamile, futhi ngokukhula kwe-placenta ngokweqile. Ngemuva kokukhishwa kwesifiso sokukhulelwa kwe-molar, imithamo evamile ye-hormone yokukhulelwa (hCG) inqunyelwe izinyanga ezimbalwa. Ngempela, ngokuvamile ziphezulu ngokungavamile kulolu hlobo lwesifo, kodwa kufanele kamuva zibe zimbi. Ngezinye izikhathi imvukuzane ye-hydatidiform iphikelela, noma isakazekele kwezinye izitho. Lesi simo sidinga ukuqapha nokwelashwa okuqinile.