Okuqukethwe
I-Lachrymation, i-rhinitis kanye nokukhwehlela - zonke lezi zimpawu abantu abaningi bazithatha njengezimpawu zomkhuhlane okhulayo. Kodwa-ke, uma bephazamisa umuntu entwasahlobo, ehlobo noma ekwindla, futhi baphinda cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo, khona-ke lokhu akubonisi ukutheleleka ngegciwane, kodwa i-hay fever yonyaka.
isifo somkhuhlane (kusuka kwelesiLatini elithi "impova" noma impova) yisifo se-allergic esizibonakalisa ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwezitshalo. Kulesi simo, umuntu uqala ukuthungatha, ukukhwehlela, angase ahlaselwe yi-asthma, ngezinye izikhathi ukuqubuka kwesikhumba kubonakala. Ngokusho kwe-CDC, i-8,1% yabantu ayizwani nempova. [1].
I-pollinosis iqala kubantu abathole isakhi sofuzo esinesici kubazali babo. Ngokokuqala ngqa, lesi sifo sizenza sizizwe sisebancane. Abesifazane banamathuba amaningi okuthi baphathwe yi-hay fever. Uma kungelashwa, khona-ke kusongela ukuthi kube okungapheli, okuzoholela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-asthma ye-bronchial esikhathini esizayo.
Izinkinga ze-hay fever
I-pollinosis izibonakalisa kumuntu oguqule izakhi zofuzo, ngaso leso sikhathi lapho izitshalo ziqala ukuqhakaza, lapho ukungatheleleki kwakhe kusabela kakhulu. Lezi zakhi zofuzo zenza amasosha omzimba asebenze, okuholela ekuphenduleni kwe-pathological.
Lezi zitshalo zifakwe impova emoyeni. Impova yabo encane, kanye nomoya ohogeliwe, ingena ku-bronchi, ulwelwesi lwamafinyila ezindebe, amehlo, kanye nomgodi womlomo. Iphinde inamathele esikhumbeni. Esigabeni ngasinye esibaliwe kunamangqamuzana omzimba omzimba abona izinhlayiya ze-pollen eziyi-pathological kubo futhi aqale ukukhulula i-histamine ne-histidine egazini. Ukusabela okunjalo komzimba kubonakala ngezimpawu ezihambisanayo.
Isakhi sofuzo
Amathuba okuba ne-hay fever enganeni:
Uma bobabili abazali beguliswa yi-allergic, ingane iqala lesi sifo ku-50% yamacala.
Uma kuphela umama noma ubaba ehlushwa i-pollinosis, khona-ke amathuba okuthuthukisa lesi sifo enganeni angama-25%.
Uma abazali bengenalo i-allergies, khona-ke amathuba okuthuthukisa ingane ngu-10%. Inqobo nje uma ehlala ezindaweni ezivuna imvelo kusukela ekuzalweni kwakhe, wazalwa ebusika noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo (hhayi ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwezitshalo), futhi engavamile ukubhekana nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, amathuba okuba ne-hay fever ayancipha.
Ososayensi bahlonze ezinye zezinto eziyingozi ezikhulisa amathuba okuba ingane ibe ne-allergies.
Zihlanganisa:
Ingane yazalwa ngowesifazane okwathi, ngasekupheleni kokukhulelwa, waphathwa yi-hay fever acute.
Ingane yazalwa ngenkathi efudumele.
Ingane ihlala endaweni enezimo zemvelo ezingezinhle.
Phakathi nezinyanga eziyisithupha zokuqala zokuphila kwakhe edolobheni, izinto ezinobuthi zakhishwa emoyeni zivela ezinkampanini zezimboni.
Ukudla okuhambisanayo kwethulwa enganeni kusenesikhathi, noma ngaphandle kokulalela imithetho eyisisekelo.
Ingane idle ukudla okunezakhi zamaprotheni ezifana nempova ye-allergen.
Izikhathi zokuqhakaza kwezitshalo:
Umuntu angakwazi ukuzwa izimpawu zokuqala ze-hay fever kakade entwasahlobo - ekupheleni kuka-April noma ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Impova yezihlahla ezinjengalezi: i-alder, i-hazel, i-birch, i-poplar, i-oki noma i-linden ingavusa ukukhula kwayo. Ngokuvamile, imbangela yokungezwani komzimba yimpova yezihlahla ezifana ne-spruce, fir, umsedari, uphayini. Iqiniso liwukuthi izinhlayiya zempova yazo zinkulu, ngakho-ke, akubona bonke abantu ababangela ukungezwani komzimba.
Okunye ukuqubuka kwalesi sifo kubonakala ekupheleni kukaMeyi, ekuqaleni kukaJulayi. Ngalesi sikhathi, okusanhlamvu kuyaqhakaza. I-Pollinosis ingacasulwa izitshalo ezitshalwayo (ibhali, ukolweni, i-oats, i-rye) nokhula (utshani bombhede, utshani be-feather, utshani obugobile, umsila we-fox, i-timothy, i-ryegrass). Uma umuntu ehlushwa ukungezwani nempova yalezi zitshalo, futhi edla okusanhlamvu okuvela kokusanhlamvu okusohlwini, khona-ke ukugula kwakhe kuzoba nzima kakhulu. Kulokhu, i-allergener izongena emzimbeni hhayi kuphela ngomoya, kodwa futhi nokudla. Akufanele kulindelwe ukuthi ukwelashwa kokushisa kuzoshintsha ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali weprotheyini ye-allergen. Kusazovusa ukungezwani komzimba.
Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi i-poplar fluff iyimbangela ye-allergies yabo. Eqinisweni, ayikwazi ukungena emgudwini wokuphefumula, njengoba inkulu kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, i-fluff ithwala impova enhle ngokwayo, ngakho-ke inomthelela ekuveleni kwe-hay fever.
Ukungezwani komzimba kuvame ukuvela ekupheleni kukaJulayi, ngo-August no-September. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukhula olufana ne-ragweed, i-quinoa, umhlonyane kanye nezimbabazane ziyaqhakaza.
I-pollinosis ayimkhathazi umuntu unyaka wonke. Ikhula kubahlali bezindawo ezihlukahlukene zezulu lapho izitshalo ziqhakaza ngobuningi. Isibonelo, emazweni aseningizimu, lesi sifo sibonakala ekuqaleni, futhi emazweni asenyakatho, kamuva.
Inomthelela ezimvula ze-pollinosis. Uma behamba njalo, khona-ke umuntu ukubekezelela ukungezwani komzimba kalula. Esomiso, izimpawu ze-pollinosis ziya ngokuya ziba namandla. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umoya owomile uthwala impova kangcono, futhi uyisakaze emabangeni amangalisayo. Izimvula, kunalokho, zibethelele phansi. Uma izinga lokushisa lomoya lehla, khona-ke umuntu uba ngcono, ngoba impova ayiphakamisi ngaphezu kwezinga lemilenze. Nokho, ngaphambi kokuduma kwezulu, ukugcwala kwempova emoyeni kukhula kakhulu.
Izici eziyingozi ze-hay fever
Amathuba okuba ne-hay fever enganeni:
Ukuba nokunye okungezwani komzimba noma isifuba somoya
Ukuba khona kwe-atopic dermatitis (i-eczema)
Ukuba nesihlobo segazi (njengomzali noma ingane yakini) onokungezwani komzimba noma isifuba somoya
Umsebenzi ohlale ukuchaya ezintweni ezingezwani nezifo ezifana nesikhumba sezilwane noma izibungu zothuli
Ingozi iyanda uma umama ebhema phakathi nonyaka wokuqala wokuphila kwengane.
Izimpawu ze-hay fever
Umuntu ophethwe i-pollinosis uzoqaphela ukuthi lesi sifo sibonisa ngesikhathi esifanayo njalo ngonyaka.
Izimpawu zayo zokuqala yilezi:
Ukuluma emakhaleni, emphinjeni, ezindlebeni.
Sneezing
I-Lachrymation kanye nokuluma emehlweni. I-Allergic conjunctivitis ibonakala nge-photophobia kanye nomuzwa wesihlabathi emehlweni.
Ngemva kwamahora ambalwa i-allergen ingena emgudwini wokuphefumula, umuntu uba nesibonakaliso esisodwa noma eziningi ezilandelayo:
Ukuvuvukala nokubomvu kwamajwabu amehlo, kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila lwamehlo.
Okuqukethwe kwe-purulent kuqala ukubonakala emehlweni.
Isiguli sinokukhwehlela kwe-paroxysmal.
Ukuphefumula kunzima, kungase kube nokuhlaselwa kokuphefumula.
Izinga lokushisa lomzimba likhuphukela kumazinga e-subfebrile.
Umuntu uyacasuka, ukukhathala kwakhe kuyanda.
Ukuqubuka kuvela esikhumbeni. Zingase zibukeke njengamachashazi amakhulu, njengama-hives, noma zibe sesimweni sokuqhuma okuncane kwe-punctate, okukhumbuza i-atopic dermatitis.
Izitho zangasese zingase ziqale ukulunywa.
Abantu abahlukunyezwa yi-allergy bavame ukuba nezimpawu ze-cystitis. Baqala ukuvakashela indlu yangasese njalo ukuze bakhiphe esinyeni sabo. Ngesikhathi sokuchama, kuvela izinhlungu ezibukhali, kanye nomuzwa wokuthi isitho asinalutho ngokuphelele.
Uma umuntu eba nokungezwani komzimba ne-rye, oat noma impova kakolweni futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo edla le mikhiqizo, khona-ke ukungezwani komzimba kuzoba nzima. Isiguli sinezimpawu zokulimala kwezitho zokuphefumula, futhi siphinde sithuthukise i-edema ye-mucous ye-digestive tract ngokuvuvukala kwazo. Lokhu kuzoboniswa ubuhlungu besisu, isicanucanu, ukuxega kwendle, kanye nesifo sohudo.
I-Cross allergy. Ngesikhathi sokukhula kwe-pollinosis, amathuba okuba ne-cross-allergies ayanda. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izimpawu zesifo esiyisisekelo zithola amandla. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi ama-antigen anesakhiwo esifanayo nezifo eziyinhloko angena emzimbeni. Ngokuvamile, umthombo wabo uwukudla, okuzochazwa kamuva esihlokweni.
Ividiyo: U-Natalia Ilyina, i-allergist-immunologist, MD, uprofesa, udokotela omkhulu we-Institute of Immunology, uzokhuluma nge-hay fever:
Ukulungiswa kwendlela yokuphila
Lapho lesi sifo sikhula, udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-allergen ingena emzimbeni kancane ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuhlanza izingubo zakho, umzimba kanye nekhaya lakho empovani ngangokunokwenzeka.
Imiyalelo okufanele ilandelwe isiguli:
Geza ikhala nomphimbo ngosawoti, isixazululo sikasawoti wasolwandle, noma i-saline solution (Humer, Aquamaris).
Geza kaningi futhi ugeze ubuso bakho ngamanzi ahlanzekile. Qinisekisa ukwenza lezi zinqubo ngemva kokubuya emgwaqweni.
Nsuku zonke ukwenza ukuhlanza okumanzi efulethini.
Ngemuva kwemvula nakusihlwa, faka umoya ekamelweni.
Khawulela isikhathi sakho ungaphandle ngezinsuku ezishisayo nezinomoya.
Ukuphumula ezindaweni lapho kukhona khona imizimba yamanzi futhi izitshalo ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba azikhuli.
Ungalishiyi idolobha ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza.
Humidify umoya efulethini. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungathenga i-humidifier, amafasitela kufanele alengiswe nge-gauze emanzi. Kudingeka ukuwashwa njalo futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi awomi.
Okhaphethi bakadoti, imicamelo yezimpaphe, izingubo zokulala, amathoyizi athambile. Zonke ziqoqa uthuli nempova, ngakho ziba umthombo wezinto ezingezwani nomzimba.
Ebusika, udinga ukugxila ekwandiseni izivikelo zomzimba:
Namathela esimisweni sansuku zonke.
lukhuni.
Ukwenqaba imikhuba emibi.
Yenza ezemidlalo.
Ukuhambisana nokudla
Ukudla kufanele kuklanywe ngendlela yokuthi umzimba ungatholi imikhiqizo engabangela ukungezwani komzimba. Ngaphansi kokuvinjelwa kuwela uju, ubisi, izithelo ezisawolintshi, ushokoledi.
Izici zokudla kwe-hay fever:
I-Allergen | Imikhiqizo Enqatshelwe |
okusanhlamvu | Iphalishi lokusanhlamvu, ubhiya, isinkwa, imikhiqizo kafulawa, i-sorrel, i-pasta |
Birch, isihlahla se-apula, i-alder | I-Kiwi, ama-plums, amapentshisi, ama-apula abomvu, utamatisi, amazambane, amabhilikosi, ukhukhamba, ama-cherries, ama-hazelnuts, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi |
Ibhulashi | Imbewu ye-sunflower, izithelo ze-citrus, uju, i-chicory |
Ambrosia | Imbewu kabhekilanga, ikhabe nobhanana |
I-Quinoa | Isipinashi kanye beet |
ukhula | Uju, amazambane, imbewu ye-sunflower, beet, imajarini, amakhabe |
Ukuthatha imithi
Ama-antihistamine. Isisekelo sokwelashwa kwe-hay fever yi-antihistamines. Bavimbela ukukhiqizwa kwe-histamine, ekhulula izimpawu ezivamile zokungezwani komzimba. Ngesikhathi sokukhula kwalesi sifo, izidakamizwa zesizukulwane sokuqala zinqunywe: Suprastin, Tavegil, Diazolin, njll.
Ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa zesizukulwane sokuqala kunganezelwa ngemithi yesizukulwane sesi-1. Isici sabo esihlukanisayo ukungabikho komzwelo wokulala.
Lezi zimali zihlanganisa:
I-Cetirizine, i-Cetrin, i-Zodak, i-Zyrtec, i-L-cet.
I-Fexofast (i-Allegra, i-Fexadine).
I-Loratadine (Claritin, Klarotadine).
U-Erius (Edene, Lordestin, Desloratadine-TEVA, Desal).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-antihistamine asetshenziswa ngendlela yamaconsi:
I-Kromoglin (Kromoheksal, Kromosol).
Fafaza i-Allergodil.
Beconase (Nasobek), Avamys (Nazarel). Lezi zidakamizwa zitholakala ngendlela ye-sprays yama-nasal, aqukethe ama-hormone e-glucocorticosteroid, ngakho-ke anqunywe kuphela lapho i-hay fever iyinkimbinkimbi yi-sinusitis.
Ama-Antihistamine esizukulwane sokuqala se-allergies acute anqunywe ngaphandle kokwehluleka. Badinga ukuthathwa okungenani izifundo ezimfushane. Bayeka izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile, okwenza kube lula ngesiguli ukuphefumula. Thatha imithi ngaphambi kokulala. Emini, ungasebenzisa imikhiqizo yesizukulwane sesi-1 engabangeli ukozela.
Uma, ngemva kokuqedwa kwama-antihistamine, izimpawu ze-hay fever azipheli, khona-ke i-Ketotifen isetshenziselwa ukwelashwa. Lesi isidakamizwa esinomphumela omude ovimba ama-histamine receptors. Kuzokwazi ukuzwa umphumela wayo wokwelapha emzimbeni kuphela ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-1-2 kusukela ekuqaleni kokwelashwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umuntu uzoyeka ukuhlupheka ekhaleni eligijimayo, uzoba ne-rash kanye ne-lacrimation, kanye nokukhwehlela okubuhlungu okomile.
I-corticosteroids yomlomo. Uma i-pollinosis inenkambo enzima, khona-ke isikhathi esifushane isiguli sinqunywe izidakamizwa ze-glucocorticosteroid (Metipred noma i-Prednisolone). Ngokuhambisanayo, umuntu kufanele aphuze imithi yokuvikela isisu, isibonelo, i-Omeprazole noma i-Almagel. Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kunqatshelwe, njengoba kubangela ukucasuka kwamehlo, ubuthakathaka bemisipha kanye ne-osteoporosis.
Ama-nasal corticosteroids. Izifutho zalolu hlobo zelapha ukuvuvukala okubangelwa yi-hay fever. Banikeza ukwelashwa okuphephile futhi okusebenzayo kwesikhathi eside. Ungabona imiphumela yokuqala ngeviki. Okudume kakhulu kuhlanganisa i-Flixonase, i-Altsedin, i-Nasonex, i-Avamys, i-Polydex namanye ama-analogue. Futhi ngokungafani ne-oral corticosteroids, izifutho ziphephile. [3].
I-Sublingual immunotherapy (ASIT). I-Immunotherapy inciphisa kancane kancane ukuzwela kweziguli ku-allergener ebangela izimpawu zabo (kwezinye izimo, ukwelashwa kungaba isikhathi eside, kuze kufike eminyakeni engu-4-5). Kodwa-ke, kuholela ekwehleni kwesikhathi eside futhi kuvimbele ukukhula kwesifuba somoya kanye nokungezwani komzimba okusha. [4].
Lezi zidakamizwa zihlanganisa: i-Antipollin, i-Diater, i-Lays Dermatophagoides ne-Lays Grass, i-Allergens Staloral nezinye, kodwa lezi zidakamizwa kufanele zibekwe kuwe udokotela kuphela, ngemuva kokuhlonza i-allergen! Ukuzilapha akuvumelekile, ngoba umuthi ngamunye usebenza njenge-allergen ethile.
Isifundo se-ASIT siboniswa ngenkathi ebandayo. Udokotela ujova i-allergen ngaphansi kwesikhumba ngesilinganiso esincane (lokhu kuzogwema ukushaqeka kwe-anaphylactic), noma unikeze imithi yomlomo ekhaya. Khulisa kancane kancane umthamo we-allergen. Lokhu kuzovumela umzimba ukuba uvumelane nento engaziwa kuwo, futhi lapho kufika isikhathi sokuqhakaza, umuntu uzobe ekulungele.
Kwesinye isikhathi inkambo engu-1 ye-ASIT yanele ukubhekana ne-hay fever. Nakuba kwezinye izimo badinga ukuphindaphinda eminyakeni eminingana.
Ukuqedwa kwezimpawu zesifo
Ngokuya ngokuthi yiziphi izimpawu ze-hay fever ezibonakala, isiguli singase sinikezwe izidakamizwa ezinjengalezi:
Izidakamizwa zeVasoconstrictor – Nazol, Lazolvan-rino, NOKsprey. Le mithi isetshenziselwa ukuphefumula kanzima emakhaleni. Isikhathi sokufaka isicelo sabo yizinsuku eziyisi-7. Zinqunywa kuphela lapho ukucinana kwekhala kunamandla kakhulu futhi kukhona ithuba lokuthuthukisa i-sinusitis.
Ngesifuba somoya — Acolath, Singular. Lezi zidakamizwa ziphikisana ne-leukotriene. Zinqunywa lapho kuvela izimpawu ze-asthma ye-bronchial, lapho umuntu ephefumula kanzima ekuphefumuleni, ukuhlaselwa kwesifuba somoya kwenzeka.
Ngokuvuvukala kwamehlo - I-Ketotifen ne-Vizin Allergy. Lawa maconsi ehlo asetshenziselwa ukuvuvukala okukhulu kwezitho zombono kanye nokuvuvukala okukhulu.
izidakamizwa zemvelo
I-Turmeric iqukethe izinto ezilwa nokungezwani komzimba nezinto zemvelo zokuqeda ukuhlangana. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi i-turmeric icindezela ukusabela okweqile [5].
Ukubuyekezwa kwango-2012 kwezifundo eziyi-10 kwathola ukuthi ukuhlanjululwa kwekhala ngosawoti kunomphumela onenzuzo kubo bobabili izingane kanye nabantu abadala abane-hay fever. [6].
Ividiyo: Yini okufanele uyenze uma i-hay fever iphazamisa ukuphila?