Okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-hay fever, ukungezwani kwempova kungenye yezinto ezivame kakhulu eFrance. Kuthinta cishe u-20% wezingane kanye no-30% wabantu abadala, futhi lezi zinombolo zikhula kancane kancane. Buyekeza mayelana nempova engezwani kakhulu nezifo kanye nezimpawu ezivame kakhulu ngoDkt Julien Cottet, udokotela we-allergist.

UJulien Cottet uyachaza: “Izimpova ziyizinhlayiya ezincane ezikhishwa yisitshalo sonke. Ukuhlakazwa umoya, ukuthintana kwabo namehlo, ulwelwesi lwamafinyila emakhaleni noma amapheshana okuphefumula kubangela ukuvuvukala okungabalulekanga kakhulu ezifundweni zokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile. Umkhaya ngamunye wezitshalo ukhipha impova ngesikhathi esihlukile sonyaka, ngakho “ngokuphambene nenkolelo evamile, intwasahlobo ayiyona yodwa inkathi yempova! »Icacisa i-allergist. Nokho, impova ivame kakhulu ezikhathini ezomile njengoba imvula ivimbela ukusakazeka kwayo emoyeni ngokuyicindezela phansi.

Izifo zokuphefumula ezibangelwa impova bezilokhu zikhula emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, futhi zibonakala zihlotshaniswa ngokuqondile nokufudumala kwembulunga yonke.

Utshani yizitshalo ze-herbaceous eziqhakazayo zomndeni wakwaPoaceae. Phakathi kwezinto ezaziwa kakhulu yilezi:

• okusanhlamvu - ibhali, ukolweni, oats noma rye -,
• ifolishi,
• utshani bemvelo emathafeni,
• kakade,
• kanye notshani obulinyiwe.

“Zikhona kulo lonke elase-France, zikhipha impova kusukela ngoMashi kuya ku-Okthoba ngenani eliphakeme ngoMeyi nangoJuni” kuchaza uDkt Cottet. Zivame ukutholakala ezidlelweni, emahlathini noma eceleni komgwaqo.

Icala lotshani

Utshani bunamandla anamandla okungezwani nomzimba.

“Ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nobusika obupholile osekuyiminyaka eminingi singenabo, ngaphandle kwesithwathwa noma amakhaza angempela, izihlahla nezitshalo manje zikhipha impova ngaphambi kwesikhathi kunangaphambili. Kulo nyaka, ngokwesibonelo, utshani obufakwe impova kusukela ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari, ”kwengeza uchwepheshe.

"I-Ambrosia iyisitshalo se-herbaceous ikakhulukazi esitholakala esifundeni sase-Rhône Alpes, esikhipha impova ekupheleni kwehlobo nasekuqaleni kwekwindla" kuchaza uchwepheshe. Lesi sitshalo, esisakazeka ngokushesha okukhulu, sesisungulwe kabanzi eFrance eminyakeni engu-20 edlule.

Ukungezwani ne-ragweed kuthinta cishe u-20% wezakhamuzi zase-Rhône Valley, kanye no-6 kuya ku-12% we-France yonke. I-allergenic ngokwedlulele, i-ambrosia ingaba nesibopho sokuhlaselwa kwe-allergies okunzima, okuhambisana nesifuba somoya kumuntu oyedwa kwababili ngokwesilinganiso.

Impova ye-Ragweed inameva futhi inamathela ikakhulukazi engutsheni noma ezinweleni zezilwane: ngakho-ke abantu abangezwani nezinto ezithile kufanele baqaphe ngokukhethekile lapho bebuya ohambweni.

I-Cypress ingeyomndeni we-cuppressaceae, njenge-thuja nomjunipha. "Eyasungulwa kakhulu eningizimu-mpumalanga yeFrance, eduze neMedithera, ingenye yezihlahla ezingavamile ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba ebusika" kuchaza uDkt Cottet. Isikhathi sayo sokuvuthwa siqala ngoNovemba kuya kuNdasa, ngenani eliphakeme ngoFebhuwari, futhi ukungezwani kwe-cypress kuvame ukubhekwa njengephutha namakhaza asebusika.

I-Birch, njenge-hazelnut noma i-alder, ingeyomndeni we-betulaceae. “Ezikhona ngempela enyakatho yeFrance, ama-birches avuthela impova kusukela ngo-February kuya ku-May, futhi akhuphuke ngo-March nango-April,” kusho udokotela ogulayo.

Cishe umuntu oyedwa kokubili ukungezwani ne-birch, uzophinde aphathwe kabi ngenxa yokungezwani nezithelo nemifino ethile eluhlaza (apula, ipentshisi, ipheya, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, isanqante…), siphinde sikhulume “nge-apple-birch syndrome”. I-Birch ingenye yezihlahla ezingezwani kakhulu nemithi, futhi ingenye yezinye ezivame kakhulu eFrance, okuchaza ukusabalala okukhulu kwalokhu kungezwani komzimba eFrance.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko

“Izimpawu eziyinhloko zokungezwani nempova yi-ENT namaphaphu” kubhala uDkt Cottet. Iziguli ezingezwani nempova ngokuvamile ziphathwa yi-rhinitis eguliswa yi-allergenic rhinitis ethimula, ukulunywa, ikhala eligelezayo, ukuvaleka kwamakhala, ukulahlekelwa iphunga, kanye ne-conjunctivitis enomuzwa wesihlabathi esweni. Lokhu kwaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi i-hay fever. Kungase kwengezwe ukukhwehlela kanye nesifuba somoya ngobunzima bokuphefumula kanye nokuphefumula.

I-Cross-allergies

"Iprotheyini ye-allergenic yama-pollens amaningana (PR10 kanye ne-LTP) iphinde iqukethwe ezithelweni eziningi (i-rosacea, amantongomane, izithelo ezingavamile ...), iziguli ezigulayo zisengozini yokuhlupheka ngenxa yokusabela okuphambene nokungeniswa kwalokhu kudla" kuchaza i-allergist. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ukuluma komlomo nolwanga, kodwa zingafinyelela ekushaqekeni kwe-anaphylactic.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Antihistamine

Njengoba i-allergist ichaza, "imithetho yenhlanzeko kanye nokwelashwa kwamakhemikhali anezimpawu ezifana ne-antihistamines, i-corticosteroids ephefumulayo noma yamakhala kanye namaconsi iso ahlinzeka ngokukhululeka kodwa akuzona izindlela zokwelapha ze-etiological".

I-Desensitization: i-allergen immunotherapy

Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokwelapha yesikhathi eside ye-allergies i-allergen immunotherapy, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-desensitization. “Okunconywe yi-WHO, okubuyiselwe yizinkampani zokuphepha komphakathi kanye nezinkampani zomshwalense ezihlanganyelwe, kufakazelwe ngokwesayensi futhi kuvumela ukuncishiswa noma ngisho nokushabalala kwezimpawu ze-ENT kanye nezimpawu zamaphaphu, kanye nokuncipha noma ngisho nokumiswa kokwelashwa kwezimpawu zamakhemikhali. Iphinde ngcono izimpawu ukudla cross ukusabela. »Kuchaza uJulien Cottet.

Ukungazweli kumpova kungenye yalezo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, futhi kuthiwa zisebenza ngokwesilinganiso ngama-70%.

Kunamathiphu amaningana ongawasebenzisa ukuze unciphise ukuchayeka kumpova futhi unciphise izingozi zokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile. Nazi : 

Air ingaphakathi lakho

Faka umoya ngaphakathi kwakho okungenani imizuzu eyi-10 kabili ngosuku, ekuseni ngaphambi kwehora lesi-9 ekuseni nakusihlwa ngemva kuka-20 ntambama Lawa mahora abanda kakhulu osukwini futhi ukugcwala kwempova kuyancipha. Isikhathi esisele, shiya amafasitela evaliwe.

Gqoka izibuko zelanga

Gqoka izibuko zelanga - kulabo abangenazo izibuko - ukuvimbela impova ukuthi ingahlali ku-conjunctiva futhi ibangele ukudabuka nokucasuka.

Geza izingubo zakho

Geza izingubo zakho lapho ufika ekhaya, ukuze ususe ama-pollens abambelele kuzo.

Shawa njalo ebusuku

Geza njalo kusihlwa futhi ugeze izinwele zakho ukuze ungabi sengozini yokusabalalisa impova embhedeni wakho nasemcamelweni wakho.

Amathiphu okomisa ilondolo yakho

Gwema ukomisa ilondolo yakho ngaphandle.

Ukuhlanza ikhala

Hlanza ikhala lakho njalo kusihlwa nge-serum ye-physiological.

Gwema ukulima

Gwema ukugunda utshani bakho kubantu abangezwani notshani.

Bheka imephu yokuqapha impova

Bhekana njalo nekhadi lokuqapha impova futhi uqaphele kakhulu lapho ubungozi bokungezwani komzimba buphezulu noma buphezulu kakhulu.